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Global warming in Amazonia: impacts and Mitigation Acta Amazonica
Fearnside,Philip Martin.
Global warming has potentially catastrophic impacts in Amazonia, while at the same time maintenance of the Amazon forest offers one of the most valuable and cost-effective options for mitigating climate change. We know that the El Niño phenomenon, caused by temperature oscillations of surface water in the Pacific, has serious impacts in Amazonia, causing droughts and forest fires (as in 1997-1998). Temperature oscillations in the Atlantic also provoke severe droughts (as in 2005). We also know that Amazonian trees die both from fires and from water stress under hot, dry conditions. In addition, water recycled through the forest provides rainfall that maintains climatic conditions appropriate for tropical forest, especially in the dry season. What we need...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carbon; Climate change; Deforestation; Environmental services; Global warming; Greenhouse effect.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672009000400030
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Development of Dichelops melacanthus and its egg parasitoid Telenomus podisi reared on Bt-soybean MON 87701 x MON 89788 and its near conventional isoline under different temperatures Anais da ABC (AABC)
Bortolotto,Orcial C.; Bueno,Adeney F.; Stopa,Ynaiara K.; Silva,Gabriela V.; Queiroz,Ana Paula.
Dichelops melacanthus was studied under controlled conditions (60 ± 10% RH and 14/10 h L/D photoperiod), and three constant temperatures (19, 25, and 31 ± 2 °C). Fresh pods of MON 87701 × MON 89788 soybeans and its near non-Bt isoline (A5547) were supplied to nymphs and adults. The biology of T. podisi was studied in the same controlled RH conditions, but only at the standard temperature of 25 ± 2 °C. Overall, the development of D. melacanthus was better at higher temperatures, which accelerated the development of the stink bug without affecting adult biological parameters. No influence of Bt-soybeans on the biology of the pest was observed in any temperature studied, which shows that D. melacanthus is not affected by this transgenic soybean. The egg...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Egg parasitoids; Global warming; Natural enemy; Non-target organisms.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652016000301023
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Amazon Forest maintenance as a source of environmental services Anais da ABC (AABC)
Fearnside,Philip M..
Amazonian forest produces environmental services such as maintenance of biodiversity, water cycling and carbon stocks. These services have a much greater value to human society than do the timber, beef and other products that are obtained by destroying the forest. Yet institutional mechanisms are still lacking to transform the value of the standing forest into the foundation of an economy based on maintaining rather than destroying this ecosystem. Forest management for commodities such as timber and non-timber forest products faces severe limitations and inherent contradictions unless income is supplemented based on environmenta lservices. Amazon forest is threatened by deforestation, logging, forest fires and climate change. Measures to avoid...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amazonia; Avoided deforestation; Brazil; Carbon; Deforestation; Global warming; Greenhouse effect; Rainforest.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652008000100006
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Sea-land limits: a case study Anais da ABC (AABC)
Mesquita,Afranio R. de; Blitzkow,Denizar; França,Carlos A. S.; Trabanco,Jorge L. A.; Corrêa,Marco A.; Monteiro,Mauro Q..
The limits between sea and land were estimated at "Pulso" beach located in the Southeastern Brazilian shelf (φ = 23°33/17.4886"S; Λ = 045° 13'13.0504"W - WGS84), between the island of São Sebastião and the city of Ubatuba, SP, Brazil. The relative sea level of the year 1831 at "Pulso" beach, as per Brazilian law Number 9760 dated from 1946, was estimated and materialized. The retro-estimation allowed the demarcation of the Legal Sea-Land Limits at "Pulso" beach as per the terms of the law. The accuracy of the procedure for the transference of the long-term sea level from the research station of Ubatuba to "Pulso" beach was assessed by parallel work of geometrical leveling referred to the IBGE (Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics) geodetic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Relative Sea Level; Brazilian law; Sea-Land Limits; "Pulso" beach; Geodetic leveling; Southeastern Brazilian shelf; Global warming; Sea level rise.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652011000400009
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Experimental assessment of temperature increase and presence of predator carcass changing the response of invertebrate shredders Biota Neotropica
Navarro,Fernanda Keley Silva Pereira; Rezende,Renan de Souza; Gonçalves Júnior,José Francisco.
The role of the invertebrate shredders in leaf decomposition process in tropical lotic ecosystems has been explored only recently. In addition to the influence of the quality of litter and the temperature, the risk of predation generally results in changes on the survival and behavior of invertebrate shredders. The aim of this study was to observe the responses of the invertebrate shredders to different species of leaf litters (Experiment 1: Talauma ovata and Inga laurina ; Experiment 2: Talauma ovata, Inga laurina and Richeria grandis ) under gradual temperature rise (24 °C, 26 °C, 28 °C, 30 °C, 32 °C), in the presence (Experiment 2) and absence (Experiment1) of fish (Astyanax sp.) carcasses, as well as to observe the possible consequences of the leaf...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding activity; Global warming; Decomposition.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032013000400028
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The impact of climatic variability and climate change on arabic coffee crop in Brazil Bragantia
Camargo,Marcelo Bento Paes de.
The climatic variability is the main factor responsible for the oscillations and frustrations of the coffee grain yield in Brazil. The relationships between the climatic parameters and the agricultural production are quite complex, because environmental factors affect the growth and the development of the plants under different forms during the growth stages of the coffee crop. Agrometeorological models related to the growth, development and productivity can supply information for the soil water monitoring and yield forecast, based on the water stress. A soil water balance during different growth stages of the coffee crop, can quantify the effect of the available soil water on the decrease of the final yield. Other climatic factors can reduce the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coffea arabica L.; Global warming; Productivity; Agronomic mitigations and adaptations; Crop zoning.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052010000100030
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Climate trends in a non-traditional high quality wine producing region Bragantia
Bardin-Camparotto,Ludmila; Blain,Gabriel Constantino; Pedro Júnior,Mário José; Hernandes,José Luiz; Cia,Patrícia.
The global warming may put pressure over some world's highest quality wine producing regions. This fact indicates the need to evaluate the presence of climate change in non-traditional wine producing regions of the Globe. Therefore, the goals of this study were to detect trends in rainfall and air temperature series obtained from three locations of the eastern part of the State of São Paulo, Brazil (a non-traditional high quality wine producing region) and to evaluate the effect of the detected climate trends on agrometeorological indices frequently used to indicate suitable areas for wine production. The trend analyses were applied to maximum and minimum air temperature series, rainfall series and to the following agrometeorological parameters:...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Global warming; Biometeorological indices; Mann-Kendall.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0006-87052014000300014
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Plant cells in the context of climate change BABT
Machado,Marcelo Rubens.
Global warming and its origins triggered the beginning to considerable discussion in the last century. Studies of climate models presented in multidisciplinary scientific reports suggest that anthropogenic activities, particularly the emission of gases from the greenhouse effect, are greatly responsible for the current climate changes. The increase of carbon dioxide (CO2) atmospheric concentration has been in discussion in the news, scientific meetings and in public policy debates in several countries. Apart from its impact on global warming, the rising atmospheric CO2 has alerted the scientific community to the need to investigate any morpho-physiological alterations in the plants, given their direct influence on photosynthesis. This article aims to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Carbon dioxide; Global warming; Stomata; Climate change biology; Plant cell; Waxes.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132014000100018
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Floating Aquatic Macrophytes Decrease the Methane Concentration in the Water Column of a Tropical Coastal Lagoon: Implications for Methane Oxidation and Emission BABT
Fonseca,André Luiz dos Santos; Marinho,Claudio Cardoso; Esteves,Franscisco de Assis.
ABSTRACT In wetlands, the knowledge accumulated on the role of aquatic plants in the methane cycle focused on emergent macrophytes, to the detriment of other typologies. Herein, we evaluated whether the free-floating macrophyte Salvinia auriculata Aubl. and the floating-leaved macrophyte Eichhornia azurea (Sw.) Kunth. decrease the water column methane concentrations compared to a plant-free surface. We prepared microcosms by inserting an individual of S. auriculata or of E. azurea into chambers filled with lagoon water previously bubbled with CH4. Another set of chambers was incubated only with the prepared water, representing the plant-free surface. Half of the chambers were kept in the dark and half in sunlight to simulate a diel cycle. We observed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Methane; Eutrophication; Global warming; Eichhornia azurea; Salvinia auriculata..
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132017000100702
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Climatic changes: what if the global increase of CO2 emissions cannot be kept under control? BJMBR
Barreto de Castro,L.A..
Climatic changes threaten the planet. Most articles related to the subject present estimates of the disasters expected to occur, but few have proposed ways to deal with the impending menaces. One such threat is the global warming caused by the continuous increase in CO2 emissions leading to rising ocean levels due to the increasing temperatures of the polar regions. This threat is assumed to eventually cause the death of hundreds of millions of people. We propose to desalinize ocean water as a means to reduce the rise of ocean levels and to use this water for populations that need good quality potable water, precisely in the poorest regions of the planet. Technology is available in many countries to provide desalinated water at a justifiable cost...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Climatic changes; CO2 emissions; Global warming; Desalination of ocean water.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2010000300002
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Greenhouse Gas (CO2 AND N2O) Emissions from Soils: A Review Chilean J. Agric. Res.
Muñoz,Cristina; Paulino,Leandro; Monreal,Carlos; Zagal,Erick.
In agricultural activities, the main greenhouse gases (GHG) are those related to C and N global cycles. The impact of agriculture on GHG emissions has become a key issue, especially when considering that natural C and N cycles are influenced by agricultural development. This review focuses on CO2 and N2O soil emissions in terrestrial ecosystems, with emphasis in Chilean and similar agro-ecosystems around the world. The influence of land use and crop management practices on CO2 and N2O emissions is analyzed; some mitigation measures to reduce such emissions are also discussed here. More knowledge on the biological processes that promote of GHG emissions from soil will allow creating opportunities for agricultural development under friendly-environmental...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Nitrous oxide; Soil biological processes; Soil organic carbon; Nitrification; Denitrification.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0718-58392010000300016
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Climate change and agroecosystems: the effect of elevated atmospheric CO2 and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield Ciência Rural
Streck,Nereu Augusto.
The amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) of the Earth´s atmosphere is increasing, which has the potential of increasing greenhouse effect and air temperature in the future. Plants respond to environment CO2 and temperature. Therefore, climate change may affect agriculture. The purpose of this paper was to review the literature about the impact of a possible increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration and temperature on crop growth, development, and yield. Increasing CO2 concentration increases crop yield once the substrate for photosynthesis and the gradient of CO2 concentration between atmosphere and leaf increase. C3 plants will benefit more than C4 plants at elevated CO2. However, if global warming will take place, an increase in temperature may offset the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Global warming; Photosynthesis; Agriculture; Food supply.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0103-84782005000300041
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Salinidad en suelos y aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la cuenca evaporítica de Río Verde-Matehuala, San Luis Potosí. Colegio de Postgraduados
Carrera Villacrés, David Vinicio.
El desarrollo geológico de la Sierra Madre Oriental y la Plataforma Valles-San Luis, estados de Querétaro y San Luis Potosí en donde se localiza la cuenca evaporítica de Río Verde-Matehuala, formó una diversidad salina de aguas y suelos. La salinidad causa baja fertilidad y deterioro en los campos agrícolas, solamente el manantial de Media Luna riega aproximadamente 5000 ha, lo que hace relevante su estudio. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la salinidad cuantitativa y cualitativa tanto en aguas como en suelos, además, determinar la vía evolutiva que toman las aguas en la meteorización por evaporación de las mismas como un ejemplo del calentamiento global y, relacionar los efectos de la salinidad de las aguas y suelos sobre los cultivos. La...
Palavras-chave: Geoquímica; Evolución de las aguas; Calentamiento global; Sodicidad; Geochemistry; Water evolution; Global warming; Sodicity; Doctorado; Hidrociencias.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/476
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Salinidad en suelos y aguas superficiales y subterráneas de la cuenca evaporítica de Río Verde-Matehuala, San Luis Potosí. Colegio de Postgraduados
Carrera Villacrés, David Vinicio.
El desarrollo geológico de la Sierra Madre Oriental y la Plataforma Valles-San Luis, estados de Querétaro y San Luis Potosí en donde se localiza la cuenca evaporítica de Río Verde-Matehuala, formó una diversidad salina de aguas y suelos. La salinidad causa baja fertilidad y deterioro en los campos agrícolas, solamente el manantial de Media Luna riega aproximadamente 5000 ha, lo que hace relevante su estudio. Los objetivos de este trabajo fueron conocer la salinidad cuantitativa y cualitativa tanto en aguas como en suelos, además, determinar la vía evolutiva que toman las aguas en la meteorización por evaporación de las mismas como un ejemplo del calentamiento global y, relacionar los efectos de la salinidad de las aguas y suelos sobre los cultivos. La...
Palavras-chave: Geoquímica; Evolución de las aguas; Calentamiento global; Sodicidad; Geochemistry; Water evolution; Global warming; Sodicity; Doctorado; Hidrociencias.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/10521/476
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Climate Variability Reveals Complex Events for Tularemia Dynamics in Man and Mammals Ecology and Society
Palo, Thomas R; Mid-Sweden University; Thomas.palo@miun.se.
Tularemia is caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis, but the natural reservoir is unknown and environmental conditions for outbreaks in mammals and man are poorly understood. The present study analyzed the synchrony between the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index, the number of human cases of tularemia reported in Sweden, and the density of hares. Climate variation at a lag of 2 yr explained as a single factor ~ 27% of the variation in the number of tularemia cases over time. A low NAO index, indicating cold winters, and low water flow in rivers during the coming summer were associated with high numbers of human cases of tularemia 2 yr later. The number of mountain hares was not related to NAO or to the number of cases of tularemia. The change...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Tularemia; Climate; North Atlantic Oscillation index; Disease transmission; Global warming; Francisella tularensis; Lepus timidus.
Ano: 2005
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Tracking the Genetic Effects of Global Warming: Drosophila and Other Model Systems Ecology and Society
Scheiner, Samuel M; National Science Foundation; sscheine@nsf.gov.
Current efforts to study the biological effects of global change have focused on ecological responses, particularly shifts in species ranges. Mostly ignored are microevolutionary changes. Genetic changes may be at least as important as ecological ones in determining species' responses. In addition, such changes may be a sensitive indicator of global changes that will provide different information than that provided by range shifts. We discuss potential candidate systems to use in such monitoring programs. Studies of Drosophila subobscura suggest that its chromosomal inversion polymorphisms are responding to global warming. Drosophila inversion polymorphisms can be useful indicators of the effects of climate change on populations and ecosystems. Other...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Biodiversity conservation; Biological indicator; Chromosomal inversion polymorphism; Climate change; Drosophila; Evolutionary ecology; Genetic diversity; Global warming; Microevolution..
Ano: 1998
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Climate risk in maize crop in the northeastern of Brazil based on climate change scenarios REA
Silva,Vicente de P. R. da; Campos,João H. B. da C.; Silva,Madson T..
This study evaluates the impacts of climate change on the agricultural zoning of climatic risk in maize crop cultivated in the Northeastern of Brazil, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reports. The water balance model, combined with geospatial technologies, was used to identify areas of the study region where the crops could suffer yield restrictions due to climate change. The data used in the study were the time series of rainfall with at least 30 years of daily data, crop coefficients, potential evapotranspiration and duration of the crop cycle. The scenarios of the increasing of air temperature used in the simulations were of 1.5ºC, 3ºC and 5ºC. The sowing date of maize crop from January to March appears to be less affected...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Global warming; Water balance; Rainfall; Agricultural zoning.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162012000600019
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Impact of elevated temperature scenarios on potato leaf development REA
Streck,Nereu A.; Uhlmann,Lilian O.; Zanon,Alencar J.; Bisognin,Dilson A..
The objective of this study was to simulate the impact of elevated temperature scenarios on leaf development of potato in Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Leaf appearance was estimated using a multiplicative model that has a non-linear temperature response function which calculates the daily leaf appearance rate (LAR, leaves day-1) and the accumulated number of leaves (LN) from crop emergence to the appearance of the upper last leaf. Leaf appearance was estimated during 100 years in the following scenarios: current climate, +1 °C, +2 °C, +3 °C, +4 °C e +5 °C. The LAR model was estimated with coefficients of the Asterix cultivar in five emergence dates and in two growing seasons (Fall and Spring). Variable of interest was the duration (days) of the crop emergence...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Solanum tuberosum; Global warming; Leaf appearance; Agricultural crops; Food security.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-69162012000400008
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Global warming projection of the change in dissolved oxygen concentrations in low oxygen regions of the oceans Gayana
Matear,Richard.
Global warming projections using a range of climate models included in the IPCC 4th assessment report (AR4) suggest the oceans will warm, the stratification of the upper ocean will increase and the ventilation of the ocean interior will change. These physical changes will impact dissolved oxygen levels in the ocean. Using a global warming projection from the CSIRO (Australian Commonwealth Scientific and Research Administration) climate model linked to a simple ocean biogeochemical model I investigated how dissolved oxygen levels in the ocean interior change under global warming. The climate simulations project the low oxygen regions like the eastern equatorial Pacific will expand. By the end of the century it is projected that the volume of hypoxic water...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Global warming; Oxygen changes; Anoxia; Biogeochemical cycles; Climate change.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-65382006000300010
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ECOLOGICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY: A REVIEW WITH EMPHASIS ON CONSERVATION AND THE NEUTRAL MODEL BIOGEOGRAFIA ECOLOGICA: REVISION CON ENFASIS EN CONSERVACION Y EL "MODELO NEUTRAL" Gayana
Monge-Nájera,Julián.
Ecological biogeography studies the factors that define the spatial distribution of species in the present time. This review summarises recent contributions on ecological biogeography. Most recent articles report environmental factors such as temperature, humidity and salinity as key elements in the ecological biogeography of many species (followed by other organisms and genetic characteristics). Molecular data indicate that some "unexplainable" ranges are artifacts caused by taxonomic misidentification (several species erroneously classified as a single species). Island biogeography theory is often adequate for conservation management, and the new neutral model of ecological biogeography does not fit all species on which it has been tested. Global warming...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Review; Ecological biogeography; Temperate versus tropical; Global warming.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-65382008000100012
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