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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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| Qaim, Matin; Stein, Alexander J.; Meenakshi, J.V.. |
| Micronutrient malnutrition affects billions of people world-wide, causing serious health problems. Different micronutrient interventions are currently being used, but their overall coverage is relatively limited. Biofortification that is, breeding staple food crops for higher micronutrient contents has been proposed as a new agriculture-based approach. Yet, as biofortified crops are still under development, relatively little is known about their economic impacts and wider ramifications. In this article, the main factors that will influence their future success are discussed, and a methodology for economic impact assessment is presented, combining agricultural, nutrition, and health aspects. Ex ante studies from India and other developing countries... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Micronutrient malnutrition; Public health; Biofortification; Agricultural technology; Impact analysis; Developing countries; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I1; I3; O1; O3; Q1. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25584 |
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| Schroeter, Christiane; Anders, Sven M.; Carlson, Andrea; Rickard, Bradley J.. |
| Conventionally, fruits and vegetables have been the major source of micronutrients. However, with the rising availability of nutritional supplements, U.S. consumers no longer need to rely on food alone for their nutritional needs. Time-pressured consumers with limited cooking skills and nutrition knowledge may find it easier to take vitamin supplements. The objective of this paper is to determine the impact of lifestyle, diet behavior including vitamin supplement consumption, and food culture on diet quality outcomes as measured by the Healthy Eating Index-2005 (HEI) and total energy intake. We use the 2003-04 U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to examine the relationship between HEI and caloric intake. Further, our specific... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Vitamins; Supplements; Fruits and vegetables; NHANES; Health production; Healthy Eating Index - 2005; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; I1; H2. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116391 |
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| Barrett, Christopher B.. |
| In this world of plenty, almost half of the world's six billion people live on two dollars a day or less and the number living on less than one dollar a day has increased over the past fifteen years (World Bank 2000). Between one third and one half suffer under nutrition due to insufficient intake of calories, protein or critical micronutrients such as vitamin A, iodine and iron. More than one child in five lives in acute poverty. Why does such unnecessary injustice continue to disfigure a rich, technologically advanced world and what can be done to care for the poor and thereby to care for and honor God, as the Gospels instruct us? In attempting to answer those questions, at least partly, this paper offers some insights from recent research in economics,... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; O1; I1; A1. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14747 |
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| Leonard, Kenneth L.; Masatu, Melkiory C.. |
| Medicine is a professional pursuit, and even in developing countries professionalism should lead at least some practitioners to care for their patients despite the absence of direct incentives to do so. Even if practitioners do not behave as professionals, what is the extent of latent professionalism, in which socialization in the profession conditions health workers to respond to a demand for professionalism even if they do not normally act as professionals? How many health care workers in developing countries act as professionals all the time and what will happen if health services turn toward remuneration schemes in which health workers are paid by the output or outcome? We examine the behavior of 80 practitioners from Arusha region of Tanzania for... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Incentives; Quality; Health care; Professionalism; Tanzania; Health Economics and Policy; I1; O1; O2. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42883 |
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| De Steur, Hans; Gellynck, Xavier; Storoshenko, Sergei; Liqun, Ge; Lambert, Willy; Van der Straeten, Dominique. |
| Introduction: As folate deficiency is mainly caused by the dependency on folate-poor staple crops, such as rice, the implementation of rice with a high level of natural folate could be a successful pro-rural and pro-poor intervention strategy to reduce folate deficiencies in China, where about 260 million people are considered to be folate deficient. Consuming folate biofortified rice instead of conventional rice could prevent someone from negative health outcomes of folate deficiency, such as megaloblastic aneamia and neural-tube defects. Especially for poor Chinese women of childbearing age, folate biofortification could be important to prevent them from having a baby with a neural-tube defect, the main adverse health outcome. As Northern and Southern... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Folate biofortification; Health impact; Neural-tube defects; DALYs; China; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; I1; D6. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116439 |
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| Laxminarayan, Ramanan; Brown, Gardner M., Jr.. |
| In recent years bacteria have become increasingly resistant to antibiotics, leading to a decline in the effectiveness of antibiotics in treating infectious disease. This paper uses a framework based on an epidemiological model of infection in which antibiotic effectiveness is treated as a nonrenewable resource. In the model presented, bacterial resistance (the converse of effectiveness) develops as a result of selective pressure on nonresistant strains due to antibiotic use. When two antibiotics are available, the optimal proportion and timing of their use depends precisely on the difference between the rates at which bacterial resistance to each antibiotic evolves and on the differences in their pharmaceutical costs. Standard numerical techniques are used... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Disease; Externality; Livestock Production/Industries; Q3; I1. |
| Ano: 2000 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10619 |
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| Barrett, Christopher B.. |
| In the 1992 United States presidential campaign, Bill Clinton and his staff regularly invoked the forceful reminder "It's the economy, stupid!" in order to maintain a tight focus on the core issue that would ultimately decide their electoral success or failure. This initially seemed reductionist to many observers, because a presidential campaign is a complex affair, with myriad issues and pressures confronting the candidate every day. But Clinton and his staff were ultimately proved correct. Most of the important issues that could ignite or derail their campaign did boil down to the economy, and their famous, ruthless focus proved highly successful. This paper advances the argument that similar focus on issues of targeting are essential if food aid... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Food Security and Poverty; Q18; O1; I1. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14754 |
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| Apouey, Benedicte; Clark, Andrew E.. |
| We use British panel data to explore the exogenous impact of income on a number of individual health outcomes: general health status, mental health, physical health problems, and health behaviours (drinking and smoking). Lottery winnings allow us to make causal statements regarding the effect of income on health, as the amount won is largely exogenous. These positive income shocks have no significant effect on general health, but a large positive effect on mental health. This result seems paradoxical on two levels. First, there is a well-known status gradient in health in cross-section data, and, second, general health should partly reflect mental health, so that we may expect both variables to move in the same direction. We propose a solution to the first... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Income; Self-assessed health; Mental health; Smoking; Drinking; Consumer/Household Economics; D1; I1; I3. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55295 |
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| Mude, Andrew G.; Barrett, Christopher B.; McPeak, John G.; Doss, Cheryl R.. |
| This paper presents a simple two-period, dual economy model in which migration options may affect the informal financing of educational investments. When credit contracts are universally available and perfectly enforceable, spatially varied returns to human capital have no effect on educational investment patterns. But when financial markets are incomplete and informal mechanisms subject to imperfect contract enforcement must fill the breach, spatial inequality in infrastructure or other attributes that affect the returns to education create spatial differentiation in educational lending and consequently, in educational attainment. Although migration options can increase the returns to education, they can also choke off the informal finance on which... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession; O1; I1. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14737 |
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| Rahman, Tauhidur; Aradhyula, Satheesh V.. |
| Using insights from economics, pediatrics, psychology, and sociology, this paper examines the effects of income, income inequality, participation in religious services, maternal health, breastfeeding, household smoking, neighborhood characteristics, and racial/ethnic composition of population on child health. Using aggregate data on children's health and well-being for 50 U.S. states derived from the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH, 2005), we document the following results: (1) neighborhood characteristics are a more powerful predictor of children's health than income; (2) there is a large effect of mother's health on children's health; (3) the independent effect of income inequality on children's health vary across domains of child health... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Children's health; Neighborhood characteristics; Socioeconomic status; Health Economics and Policy; I1. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9914 |
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| Registros recuperados: 30 | |
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