SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Dimoso, R.; Antonides, G..

We assess the influence of environmental degradation on intrahousehold labour time allocations in rural south Pare, Tanzania. We distinguished three types of areas, namely, severely degraded, medium degraded and non-degraded environmental conditions. The unit of analysis is the household composed of both parents and at least one schoolchild. The results, among others, show that environmental products collection and/or grazing time by the household members is, almost in all groups and in accordance to gender-biased activity, significantly influenced by the environmental conditions.

Wages and Employment Growth: Disaggregated Evidence for West Germany

Palavras-chave: Environmental degradation; Intrahousehold labour time allocations; Rural south Pare highlands.; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44387

Suedekum, Jens; Blien, Uwe.

We address the effects of wages on employment growth on the basis of a theoretical model from which cost and demand effects can be derived. In the empirical analysis we take a highly disaggregated perspective and apply a newly developed shift-share regression technique on an exhaustive and very accurate data set for West Germany. The regression shows that the impact of regional wages on employment growth is significantly negative. There is some variation of this effect across sectors, but in no case we find support for the claim that an exogenous wage increase leads to higher employment growth.

Why Do Rural Firms Live Longer?

Palavras-chave: Employment Growth; Shift-Share-Analysis; Regional Wages; Purchasing Power Argument; Labor and Human Capital; J23; E24; R11.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26283

Yu, Li; Orazem, Peter F.; Jolly, Robert W..

Rural firms have a higher survival rate than urban firms. Over the first 13 years after firm entry, the hazard rate for firm exits is persistently higher for urban firms. While differences in firm attributes explain some of the rural-urban gap in firm survival, rural firms retain a survival advantage 18.5% greater than observationally equivalent urban firms. We argue that in competitive markets, the remaining survival advantage for rural firms must be attributable to unobserved factors that must be known at the time of entry. A plausible candidate for such a factor is thinner markets for the capital of failed rural firms. The implied lower salvage value of rural firms suggests that firms sorting into rural markets must have a higher probability of success...

Prospects for Skills-Based Export Growth in a Labour-Abundant, Resource-Rich Economy: Indonesia in Comparative Perspective

Palavras-chave: Rural; Urban; Entry; Exit; Survival; Sorting; Salvage value; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Demand and Price Analysis; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; Labor and Human Capital; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Risk and Uncertainty; O18; L21; D92.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54081

Coxhead, Ian A.; Li, Muqun.

In an integrated global economy, specialisation in trade is an increasingly prominent strategy. A labour-abundant, resource-rich economy like Indonesia faces stiff competition for labour-intensive manufactures; meanwhile, rapid growth in demand for resources from China and India exposes it to the ‘curse’ of resource wealth. This diminishes prospects for more diversified growth based on renewable resources like human capital. Using an international panel data set we explore the influence of resource wealth, foreign direct investment, and human capital on the share of skill-intensive products in total exports. FDI and human capital increase this share; resource wealth diminishes it. We use the results to compare Indonesia with Thailand and Malaysia....

Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations and Participation in Off-farm Work Among U.S. Farm Women

Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92201

Bharadwaj, Latika; Findeis, Jill L..

The diversity of farmwomen's lives today reflects the diversity of agriculture itself. In the past century, farming has undergone dramatic structural, technological and managerial changes (Ahearn and Lee, 1991; Gardner, 1992). One of the major changes has been a decline in the number of farms and an increase in the multiple job-holding by farm household members, especially among women on U.S. farms (Hallberg et al., 1991). In the United States, around 71 percent households have either the principal farm operator or spouse or both employed in off-farm jobs (Mishra, El-Osta, Morehart, Johnson and Hopkins, 2002). Families combine farming with other off-farm activities for different objectives such as career development, lifestyle or personal fulfillment...

Place of Work and Place of Residence: Informal Hiring Networks and Labor Market Outcomes

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9850

Bayer, Patrick; Ross, Stephen L.; Topa, Giorgio.

We use a novel dataset and research design to empirically detect the effect of social interactions among neighbors on labor market outcomes. Specifically, using Census data that characterize residential and employment locations down to the city block, we examine whether individuals residing in the same block are more likely to work together than those in nearby blocks. We find evidence of significant social interactions operating at the block level: residing on the same versus nearby blocks increases the probability of working together by over 33 percent. The results also indicate that this referral effect is stronger when individuals are similar in sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., both have children of similar ages) and when at least one individual...

HIGH SKILLED IMMIGRANT RECRUITMENT AND THE GLOBAL ECONOMIC CRISIS: THE EFFECTS OF IMMIGRATION POLICIES

Palavras-chave: Neighborhood effects; Job referrals; Social interactions; Social networks; Labor supply; Labor and Human Capital; J0; J2; J3; J6; R0.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28433

Duncan, Natasha T.; Waldorf, Brigitte S..

Since the turn of the twenty-first century, developed countries have engaged in a race for the best and the brightest. States have been lowering barriers to entry and actively recruiting talent from abroad as the premium on human capital has increased in today’s knowledge economies and as demographic problems due to aging and low fertility are becoming a reality. What is interesting is that formerly immigration-adverse, non-traditional immigration states are now opening their doors to this pool of highly skilled migrants. From permanent residency to temporary visas not requiring employer sponsorship, states attempt to sweeten their offers to global talent so the latter would come to their shores. Even more interestingly, notwithstanding the current global...

AN ECONOMETRIC MODEL OF MANUFACTURING EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN RURAL TENNESSEE COUNTIES FROM 1962 TO 1976

Palavras-chave: Immigration Policy; Economic Crisis; High Skilled Migrants; Non-linear Dynamic Model; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; J24; J11; J61.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/58417

THE EFFECT OF INNOVATIVE BEHAVIOR AND TECHNOLOGICAL SPILLOVERS ON EMPLOYMENT GROWTH IN THE US MIDWEST

Leuck, Dale J..

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 1979

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30037

Monchuk, Daniel C.; Miranowski, John A..

This study uses an overlapping generations (OLG) model with two labor types and two employment regions to examine factors driving labor migration. Specifically, we examine the effect of innovative behavior on employment growth. Using an OLG model, we test this hypothesis in the Midwestern States of Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and North Dakota for eight sectors of employment. We find innovative behavior as measured by patents has a positive effect on employment growth in all sectors studied for the growth period 1969-99.

Spatial Agglomeration, Technology and Outsourcing of Knowledge Intensive Business Services. Empirical Insights from Italy

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19773

Antonietti, Roberto; Cainelli, Giulio.

Aim of this paper is to explore the main drivers of outsourcing of knowledge intensive business services by Italian manufacturing firms. While anecdotal and empirical evidence has emphasized labour cost and scale economies as behind firms choices to outsource production or service activities, here we focus on spatial agglomeration and technology as important factors. Using microeconomic data on a repeated cross-section of Italian manufacturing firms for the period 1998-2003, we develop a two-stage model in order to avoid selection bias: first, we estimate the determinants of the firm's decision to outsource business-related services; second, we estimate the main factors underlying the intensity and complexity of KIBS outsourcing, expressed by the number...

Social Capital and Labour Productivity in Italy

Palavras-chave: KIBS; Service Outsourcing; R&D; ICT; Spatial Agglomeration; Labor and Human Capital; L24; L84; R32; R12.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8221

Sabatini, Fabio.

This paper carries out an empirical assessment of the relationship between social capital and labour productivity in small and medium enterprises in Italy. By means of structural equations models, the analysis investigates the effect of different aspects of the multifaceted concept of social capital. The bonding social capital of strong family ties and the bridging social capital shaped by informal ties connecting friends and acquaintances are proved to exert a negative effect on labour productivity, the economic performance, and human development. On the contrary, the linking social capital of voluntary organizations positively influences such outcomes.

Farm Productivity and Efficiency in Rural Bangladesh: The Role of Education Revisited

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12090

Asadullah, M. Niaz; Rahman, Sanzidur.

This paper reassesses the debate over the role of education in farm pro duction in Bangladesh using a large dataset on rice producing hous eholds from 141 villages. Average and stochastic production frontier functions are estimated to ascertain the effect of education on productivity and efficiency. A full set of proxies for farm education stock variables are incorporated to investigate the 'internal' as well as 'external' returns to education. The external effect is investigated in the context of rural neighborhoods. Our analysis reveals that in addition to raising rice productivity and boosting potential output, household education significantly reduces production inefficiencies. However, we are unable to find any evidence of externality benefit of...

Body Weight and Labour Market Outcomes in Post-Soviet Russia

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Returns to education; Stochastic production frontier; Bangladesh; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis; I21; Q12; N5.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25482

Huffman, Sonya Kostova; Rizov, Marian.

This paper estimates the impacts of weight, measured by body mass index (BMI), on employment, wages, and missed work due to illness for Russian adults by gender using recent panel data (1994-2005) from the nationally representative Russian Longitudinal Monitoring Survey (RLMS). We employ econometric techniques to control for unobserved heterogeneity and potential biases due to endogeneity in BMI. The results show an inverted U-shaped effect of BMI on probability of employment for men and women. We did not find evidence of wage penalty for higher BMI. In fact, the wages for overweigh men are higher. However, having a BMI above 28.3 increases the number of days missing work due to health problems for men. Overall, we find negative effects of obesity on...

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: BMI; Obesity; Labour market outcomes; Russia; Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123539

Gender Differences In Agricultural Productivity: A Survey of Empirical Evidence

Quisumbing, Agnes R..

This paper reviews the econometric evidence on gender differences in agricultural productivity. It provides a methodological overview and a critique of (1) production function-based estimates of technical and labor productivity differences by gender, (2) individual (gender-disaggregated) labor supply and earnings functions and (3) studies of the determinants of technological adoption. The review finds that (1) in general, male and female farmers are equally efficient as farm managers. Women farmers' lower yields are attributable to lower levels of inputs and human capital than men. However, the use of coefficients estimated from these studies for simulation exercises may not be valid if endogenous input choice is not considered; (2) returns to schooling...

RURAL LABOR MIGRATION, CHARACTERISTICS, AND EMPLOYMENT PATTERNS: A STUDY BASED ON CHINA'S AGRICULTURAL CENSUS

Palavras-chave: Health Economics and Policy; Labor and Human Capital; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 1995

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42675

Tuan, Francis C.; Somwaru, Agapi; Diao, Xinshen.

Continued industrialization in China and increase in its agricultural productivity imply that surplus rural workers will to be attracted into non-agricultural production activities and, consequently, will have the opportunity to increase their off-farm income. Studying the structure of the rural labor force and its characteristics is important for evaluating its migration potential into non-agricultural sectors. This study examines the rural labor market in China exclusively based on China’s first national agricultural census. We analyzed the demographic characteristics of the rural labor force and their association with the type of employment, place of work, and labor migration. Furthermore, we investigated demographic distributions of rural labor force...

“SOCIAL AGRICULTURE”: A PATTERN BETWEEN FARM INNOVATION, SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND MULTIFUNCTIONALITY

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2000

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/16284

Macri, Maria Carmela; Perito, Maria Angela.

Rural context and agricultural process are assuming growing credibility as a mean to promote well being and social inclusion in the population as a whole. Fattoria solidale del Circeo” constitutes one of the many examples of social agriculture that have risen in the recent years in Italy. Differently from the general case, it is a large farm which is moving from a conventional an intensive farming system to another model, without abandoning its entrepreneurial nature. Even if it is not easy to assign a theoretic paradigm, it could be useful both in order to understand it and to give correct instruments to policy makers. So we can try to put the Fattoria Solidale del Circeo’s experience in a theoretic context. It seems to us that at least three different...

Heuristic Considerations on the Typology of Groups and Minorities

Palavras-chave: Social agriculture; Innovation; Corporate Social Responsibility; Multifunctionality of Agriculture; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57403

Ihne, Hartmut.

Minority rights play a significant role in development policy, especially within inhomogeneous societies. The justification of minority rights is linked to the justification of human rights. The study develops elements of a new typology of minorities against the background of the question of legal claims of minorities and groups. This typology can become part of a mechanism to decide which type of minority may make justified claims to special rights.

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 2: Structure and Performance of the Canadian Food Processing Industry

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital; Political Economy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18762

LABOR AND TRAINING NEEDS OF RURAL AMERICA

This report is the second chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector. The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian Food Processing Industry in relation to the structure, performance, productivity growth, innovation, challenges and opportunities. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food processing; Structural change; Consolidation; Performance; Competitiveness; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52706

Sturt, Daniel W..

The Estimation of Food Demand Elasticities in Canada

Palavras-chave: Labor and Human Capital.

Ano: 1971

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/17258