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| Walls, Margaret; Hanson, Jean. |
| One of the most common criticisms of pollution taxes is that they are often believed to be inequitable -- i.e., low income households are thought to be disproportionately harmed. In this paper, we assess the distributional impacts of three taxes aimed at reducing emissions from motor vehicles: (i) a tax on total annual emissions, (ii) a tax on emissions rates (in grams per mile), and (iii) a tax on annual miles traveled. We use two alternative measures of economic well-being, annual household income and a constructed measure of lifetime income. We find that all three fees look regressive, both on the basis of annual and lifetime income - though much less so on a lifetime income basis. However, if one of these fees is used to substitute for existing vehicle... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Motor vehicle emissions; Tax incidence; Lifetime income; Political Economy; H22; H23. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10895 |
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| Ribeiro,Anamaria Cândido; McAllister,Alan Jackson; Queiroz,Sandra Aidar de. |
| This study was aimed at defining profitability measures designed for prediction of breeding values (EBV) in dairy cows. Performance and economic data recorded in herds enrolled in the DHIA (Dairy Herd Improvement Association) program in Kentucky, USA, were used to evaluate economic functions which included the following profitability measures: lifetime net income (LNI), efficiency (EF), milk income over feed costs (IOFC), net income per day of productive life (NIPL), net income at the end of the first lactation (NI1), and milk income over feed costs at the end of the first lactation (IOFC1). The estimated averages for LNI, EF, IOFC, NIPL, NI1 and IOFC1 were respectively US$ 532.13, 1.04, US$ 3038.19, US$ -0.16, US$ -69.34 and US$ 1293.77. The heritability... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Holstein; Lifetime income; Milk yield. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982008000900012 |
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