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GHG Trading Framework for the U.S. Biofuels Sector AgEcon
Kumarappan, Subbu; Joshi, Satish V..
Substitution of petroleum fuels with biofuels such as ethanol and biodiesel has been shown to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These GHG reductions can be traded in the emerging carbon markets, and methodologies for quantifying and trading are still being developed. The main challenges in developing such GHG trading framework are analyzed. An outline of such a framework is presented that depends on the life cycle assessment of GHG reductions, along with a combination of project specific and regional standard performance measures. The advantages of assigning GHG property and trading rights to biofuel producers are discussed. At carbon prices of $10 per metric ton, estimated additional revenues to biofuel producers range from $ 17 to 64 million dollars...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Ethanol; Biodiesel; Carbon trading; GHG emissions trading; Methodology; CCX; CDM; Maize; Lignocellulosics; Well to wheel; Life cycle analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q42; D23; D4.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54530
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Xylanase production with xylan rich lignocellulosic wastes by a local soil isolate of Trichoderma viride BJM
Goyal,Meenakshi; Kalra,K.L.; Sareen,V.K.; Soni,G..
In the present study, cultural and nutritional conditions for enhanced production of xylanase by a local soil isolate of Trichoderma viride, using various lignocellulosic substrates in submerged culture fermentation have been optimized. Of the lignocellulosics used, maize straw was the best inducer followed by jowar straw for xylanase production. The highest activity achieved was between 14 to 17 days of fermentation. A continuous increase in xylanase production was observed with increasing level of lignocellulosics in the medium and highest activity was observed with maize straw at 5% level. Xylanase production with higher levels of lignocellulosics (3 to 5%) of maize, jowar and barseem was found to be higher as compared to that with commercial xylan as...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Xylanase production; Trichoderma viride; Lignocellulosics; Submerged fermentation.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822008000300025
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