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Effects of Increased Biofuels on the U.S. Economy in 2022 AgEcon
Gehlhar, Mark J.; Somwaru, Agapi; Somwaru, Agapi.
Achieving greater energy security by reducing dependence on foreign petroleum is a goal of U.S. energy policy. The Energy Independence and Security Act of 2007 (EISA) calls for a Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS-2), which mandates that the United States increase the volume of biofuel that is blended into transportation fuel from 9 billion gallons in 2008 to 36 billion gallons by 2022. Long-term technological advances are needed to meet this mandate. This report examines how meeting the RFS-2 would affect various key components of the U.S. economy. If biofuel production advances with cost-reducing technology and petroleum prices continue to rise as projected, the RFS-2 could provide economywide benefits. However, the actual level of benefits (or costs) to the...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Bioenergy; Economywide; Ethanol; Petroleum; Trade; Macroeconomic factors; RFS-2; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96758
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Food Price Volatility and Macroeconomic Factors: Evidence from GARCH and GARCH-X Estimates AgEcon
Apergis, Nicholas; Rezitis, Anthony N..
This article examines food price volatility in Greece and how it is affected by short-run deviations between food prices and macroeconomic factors. The methodology follows the GARCH and GARCH-X models. The results show that there exists a positive effect between the deviations and food price volatility. The results are highly important for producers and consumers because higher volatility augments the uncertainty in the food markets. Once the participants receive a signal that the food market is volatile, this might lead them to ask for increased government intervention in the allocation of investment resources and this could reduce overall welfare.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Relative food prices; Volatility; Macroeconomic factors; GARCH and GARCHX models; Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing; E60; Q10; Q19.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100650
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