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| Fischer, Carolyn; Hoffmann, Sandra A.; Yoshino, Yutaka. |
| We review the legal provisions of the WTO regime that have important implications for national, market-based environmental policies. We evaluate those provisions for their effects on a member country's ability and incentives to design economically efficient environmental policies. International trade institutions do not recognize the polluter pays principle, posing some challenges for unilateral policies addressing cross-border pollutants and leakage. Nor do they recognize the economic equivalence of emission tax and permit regimes, leading to different potential constraints on policy design and leaving some environmental policies open to influence by protectionist motives. As many legality issues have yet to be disputed and resolved, opportunities exist... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade; Environment; WTO; GATT; Market-based policies; Environmental Economics and Policy; F1; Q38. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10758 |
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| Paragahawewa, Upananda Herath. |
| There are at least five general reasons why market-based policies fail to address some of the most basic environmental objectives. This study evaluates the available biophysical and economic data against these criteria and concludes that market-based approaches should be employed cautiously in pollution control under the present system and the available technology for farming in the lake area. The most effective market-based instrument to control pollution, in this case, seems to be negative incentives, as the public net cost of farming is extremely higher than the private net benefits. However, the intensity of taxes that would be effective in this regard would definitely results negative net farm benefits. The principle alternative, emission trading,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Pollution; Market-based policies; Emission trading; Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31975 |
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