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Protocoles d'extraction chimique de la matière organique particulaire : application au domaine estuarien ArchiMer
Etcheber, H.; Heral, Maurice; Relaxans, J. C..
There are several bio geochemical methods of studying particulate organic matter (0,45-300 µm). The main techniques employed are described ; special attention has been paid to extractive processes (chemical attack of samples and study of extracted fraction). Although these techniques are simple, various difficulties can arise : results obtained by various authors cannot be compared when techniques used differ. Furthermore the environmental interpretation of extracted functions is not always very clear. Extractive methods, which most often use harsh chemical extractants, do not provide accurate measurements of the importance of labile organic fraction. We propose therefore a series of chemical attacks of increasing strength and a correlation of results...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: EstUARIES; Labile organic matter; Chemical extractive methods; Particulate organic matter; Extuaires; Matière organique labile; Méthode d'extraction chimique; Matière organique particulaire.
Ano: 1985 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1985/publication-2957.pdf
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Evolutions quantitatives et qualitatives du seston dans une claire à huîtres : relation avec la sédimentation et la biodéposition ArchiMer
Sornin, Jean-marc; Delmas, Daniel; Deslous-paoli, Jean-marc.
Dans un bassin aquacole fermé (claires à huîtres), l'évolution qualitative et quantitative des matières en suspension subit des variations saisonnières directement liées aux capacité de production planctonique. Ainsi, à la fin du printemps et en été, le réchauffement des eaux s'accompagne d'une augmentation de matière organique importante (jusqu'à 17 mg.1(-1). Pendant cette période, la sédimentation naturelle est supérieure à 350 g.m(-2).j(-1). La biodéposition (fèces + pseudofèces) suit l'évolution des capacités de rétention des huîtres. Dans ce type de bassin fermé, cette capacité est liée à la qualité des matières en suspension. En période estivale, les fortes teneurs en matière organique du seston (entre 5 et 17 mg.1(-1)) dispensent les mollusques...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Crassostrea gigas; Oysters; Biodeposition; Sedimentation; Suspension; Particulate organic matter; Crassostrea gigas; Huîtres; Biodéposition; Sédimentation; Suspension; Matière organique particulaire.
Ano: 1987 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/1987/publication-7309.pdf
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Temporal changes in the biochemical composition of particulate organic matter sedimentation in the Bay of Banyuls-sur-Mer ArchiMer
Gremare, A; Amouroux, Jm; Charles, F; Medernach, L; Jordana, E; Nozais, C; Vetion, G; Colomines, Jc.
Gross sedimentation rates (GSRs) were monitored together with meteorological data and the main biochemical characteristics of the collected material (i.e. organic content, C, N, total proteins, carbohydrates, lipids and available proteins) over a three year cycle at a shallow station (18 m) of the Bay of Banyuls, France. GSRs were between 0.26 (11/04/92) and 317.75 gDW m(-2) d(-1) (18/02/94). They followed an annual cycle with low and relatively constant values during spring and summer and high, variable Values during fall and winter. During the study GSRs correlated poorly (state of the sea, precipitation) or even non-significantly (wind speed) with the main meteorological parameters. GSRs correlated negatively with the organic content of the material...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Matière organique particulaire; Qualité; Variabilité temporelle; Zone côtière; Particulate organic matter; Quality; Temporal variability; Coastal zone.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00325/43640/43226.pdf
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Improved procedures for extraction of water-extractable carbohydrates from particulate organic matter ArchiMer
Burdloff, D; Etcheber, H; Buscail, R.
The present work presents improvements to the existing methods for extraction of carbohydrates with water. In order to test the effects of extraction factors on the yield of carbohydrates, extractions of water-soluble carbohydrates were performed with two contrasting samples (suspended particulate organic matter from the high turbidity zone of the Gironde estuary and sedimentary organic matter from the Arcachon lagoon) under different experimental conditions. Results show that: (i) boiling water applied for 30 min yielded the best result for water-soluble carbohydrates in both samples; (ii) sonic disruption had a strong influence on the recovery rate of water-soluble carbohydrates - a steady yield was reached after a 3-min treatment; (iii) almost all the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Facteurs d’extraction; Matière organique particulaire; Sucres solubles; Extraction factors; Particulate organic matter; Water-soluble carbohydrates.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00322/43347/42879.pdf
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Ecologie alimentaire de l'huitre Crassostrea gigas : dynamiques des compositions isotopiques naturelles ArchiMer
Malet, Nathalie.
Trophic transfers of particulate organic matter sources to the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas were investigated in the oyster farming bay of Marennes-Oléron for two years. Stable isotope ratios of carbon and nitrogen were used to trace the origin and fate of primary production and organic matter inputs into the bay, and to depict trophic transfers to oysters that were experimentally reared according to traditional methods. Characterizing particulate organic matter sources available for oysters utilized a combination of hydrobiological parameters and stable isotope ratios. Processes of food incorporation by oysters were described for five organs such as gills, digestive gland, mantle, muscle and gonads, and were interpreted taking into account...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Microphytobenthos; Phytoplankton; Organs; Trophic discrimination; Tissue turnovers; Particulate organic matter; Marennes Oléron Bay; Pertuis Charentais; Stable isotopes; Pacific oysters; Crassostrea gigas; Microphytobenthos; Phytoplancton; Hydrologie; Organes; Enrichissement trophique; Renouvellement tissulaire; Matière organique particulaire; Bassin de Marennes Oléron; Pertuis Charentais; Isotopes stables; Crassostrea gigas; Huître creuse.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2005/these-2089.pdf
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