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Reciprocal Trade Agreements in Gravity Models: A Meta-analysis AgEcon
Cipollina, Maria; Salvatici, Luca.
Over the time a large number of reciprocal preferential trade agreements (RTAs) have been concluded among countries. Recently many studies have used gravity equations in order to estimate the effect of RTAs on trade flows between partners. These studies report very different estimates since they differ greatly in data sets, sample sizes and independent variables used in the analysis. So, what is the "true" impact of RTAs? This paper combines, explains and summarizes a large number of results (1827 estimates included in 85 papers), using a meta-analysis (MA) approach. Notwithstanding quite a high variability, studies consistently find a positive RTAs impact on bilateral trade: the hypothesis that there is no effect of trade agreements on trade is easily and...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Free trade agreements; Gravity equation; Meta-regression analysis; Publication bias; International Relations/Trade; C10; F10.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18877
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Carbon Sequestration in Forest Ecosystems as a Strategy for Mitigating Climate Change AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Wang, Yichuan; Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna.
Under Kyoto, forestry activities that sequester carbon can be used to create CO2 offset credits that could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. Credits are earned by storing carbon in forest ecosystems and wood products, although CO2 emissions are also mitigated by delaying deforestation, which accounts for one-quarter of anthropogenic CO2 emissions. Non-permanent carbon offsets from forest activities are difficult to compare with each other and with mitigation strategies because they differ in how long they prevent CO2 from entering the atmosphere. In this paper, we investigate issues of carbon sequestration in detail, but in particular we expand in comprehensive fashion on earlier work comparing carbon mitigation...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Carbon offset credits from forestry activities; Meta-regression analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9931
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Costs of Creating Carbon Offset Credits via Forestry Activities: A Meta-Regression Analysis AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Laaksonen-Craig, Susanna; Wang, Yichuan.
The main focus of efforts to mitigate climate change is on the avoidance of fossil fuel emissions. However, the Kyoto rules permit the use of forestry activities that create carbon offset credits. These could obviate the need for lifestyle-changing reductions in fossil fuel use. It is necessary for policy purposes, therefore, to determine the cost effectiveness of creating forest sink carbon credits. In this study, meta-regression analyses with 1047 observations from 68 studies are used to determine factors that affect carbon sequestration costs. Results indicate that soil carbon is not very important, but that forest plantations and use of biomass for energy make forestry activities more attractive. It also turns out that forestry activities are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate mitigation; Forest carbon offset credits; Meta-regression analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; R15; Q23; Q27.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37039
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Economics of Forest Ecosystem Carbon Sinks: A Review AgEcon
van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Sohngen, Brent.
Carbon terrestrial sinks are seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. In this study, we review issues related to the use of terrestrial forestry activities to create CO2 offset credits. To gain a deeper understanding of the confusing empirical studies of forest projects to create carbon credits under Kyoto, we employ meta-regression analysis to analyze conditions under which forest activities generate CO2-emission reduction offsets at competitive ‘prices’. In particular, we examine 68 studies of the costs of creating carbon offsets using forestry. Baseline estimates of costs of sequestering carbon are some US$3–$280 per tCO2, indicating that the costs of creating CO2-emission offset credits...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Kyoto Protocol; Meta-regression analysis; Carbon-uptake costs; Forest sinks; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; H43; C19.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37037
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Willingness to Pay for Water Quality Improvements in the United States and Canada: Considering Possibilities for International Meta-Analysis and Benefit Transfer AgEcon
Johnston, Robert J.; Thomassin, Paul J..
This paper presents a multinational meta-analysis estimated to identify systematic components of willingness to pay for surface water quality improvements, developed to support benefit transfer for Canadian policy development. Metadata are drawn from stated preference studies that estimate WTP for water quality changes affecting aquatic life habitats—a type of study with few Canadian examples. The goals of this paper are to assess the properties of a multinational (United States/Canada) meta-analysis compared to a single-country (U.S.) analog; illustrate the potential information that may be derived as well as the analytical challenges; and assess the performance of resulting meta-functions for benefit transfer.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Meta-regression analysis; Stated preference; Water quality; Willingness to pay; Benefit cost analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59341
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