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| Varjopuro, Riku; Environmental Policy Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; riku.varjopuro@ymparisto.fi; Andrulewicz, Eugeniusz; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland; eandrulewicz@mir.gdynia.pl; Blenckner, Thorsten; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; thorsten.blenckner@stockholmresilience.su.se; Dolch, Tobias; Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Wadden Sea Station Sylt, Germany; Tobias.Dolch@awi.de; Heiskanen, Anna-Stiina; Marine Research Centre, Finnish Environment Institute, Helsinki, Finland; anna-stiina.heiskanen@ymparisto.fi; Steiner Brandt, Urs; Department of Environmental and Business Economics, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; usb@sam.sdu.dk; Valman, Matilda; Stockholm Resilience Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Baltic Nest Institute, Baltic Sea Centre, Stockholm University, Sweden; Department of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden ; matilda.valman@stockholmresilience.su.se; Gee, Kira; Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Germany; Department of Geography and Planning, University of Liverpool, UK ; k.gee@gmx.de; Potts, Tavis; Scottish Association of Marine Science, UK; Department of Geography and Environment, University of Aberdeen, UK; Tavis.Potts@sams.ac.uk; Psuty, Iwona; National Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Gdynia, Poland; iwcia@mir.gdynia.pl. |
| In this paper we focus on systemic delays in the Baltic Sea that cause the problem of eutrophication to persist. These problems are demonstrated in our study by addressing three types of delays: (1) decision delay: the time it takes for an idea or perceived need to be launched as a policy; (2) implementation delay: the time from the launch of a policy to the actual implementation; (3) ecosystem delay: the time difference between the implementation and an actual measurable effects. A policy process is one characterized by delays. It may take years from problem identification to a decision to taking action and several years further for actual implementation. Ecosystem responses to measures illustrate that feedback can keep the ecosystem in a certain state... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Baltic Sea; Ecosystem delays; Monitoring of implementation. |
| Ano: 2014 |
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