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Ku-Band Sea Surface Radar Backscatter at Low Incidence Angles under Extreme Wind Conditions ArchiMer
Li, Xiuzhong; Zhang, Biao; Mouche, Alexis; He, Yijun; Perrie, William.
This paper reports Ku-band normalized radar cross section (NRCS) at low incidence angles ranging from 0° to 18° and in the wind speed range from 6 to 70 m/s. The precipitation radar onboard the tropical rainfall measuring mission and Jason-1 and 2 have provided 152 hurricanes observations between 2008 and 2013 that were collocated with stepped-frequency microwave radiometer measurements. It is found that the NRCS decreases with increasing incidence angle. The decrease is more dramatic in the 40–70 m/s range of wind speeds than in the 6–20 m/s range, indicating that the NRCS is very sensitive to low incidence angles under extreme wind conditions and insensitive to the extreme wind speed. Consequently, the sea surface appears relatively “smooth” to Ku-band...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: NRCS; Extreme wind conditions; Low incidence angles.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00385/49659/50197.pdf
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SOME IMPACTS OF ARIZONA DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY (ADEQ) ENFORCEMENT IN THE DAIRY INDUSTRY IN MARICOPA COUNTY, ARIZONA AgEcon
Hemmer, Ronald.
Although water quality is a valid purpose for watershed projects under the PL83-566 Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Act, historically very few water quality projects have ever been implemented in Arizona. This is largely due to the difficulty in measuring "non-controversial" monetary benefits associated with positive water quality impacts and to policy biased in favor of those projects with a higher monetary benefit-cost ratio. These reasons, among others, has prompted NRCS field economists to seek alternate methods to measure project benefits and costs. While the direct measurement of water quality benefits would be the preferable method to use, IMPLAN, through regional economic impact analysis, provides a way of measuring another category of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: IMPLAN; Input-Output; Watershed analysis; Water quality; NRCS; Conservation; Regional analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20871
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ESTIMATES OF PUBLIC SECTOR TRANSACTION COSTS IN NRCS PROGRAMS AgEcon
McCann, Laura M.J.; Easter, K. William.
When evaluating the economic efficiency of policies to reduce nonpoint source pollution, administrative or transaction costs are usually not taken into account. While the importance of transaction costs has been recognized in the theoretical literature, the fact that they are not incorporated in empirical analyses means that, in effect, these costs are given a zero value. This issue is examined quantitatively using data collected by the National Resource Conservation Service (NRCS). Transaction costs are found to be a significant portion (38 percent) of overall conservation costs. This provides strong support for including these costs in economic evaluations of alternative policy instruments.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: NRCS; Transaction costs; Conservation practices; Abatement costs; Environmental policy; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15313
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TRADITIONAL USES OF INPUT-OUTPUT MODELS IN WATERSHED PROGRAMS PLANNED UNDER PRINCIPLES AND GUIDELINES AgEcon
Sheets, Keith.
This paper outlines the traditional uses of input-output (I/O) modeling in watershed programs planned under federal "Principles and Guidelines." Generally, the national economic development costs and benefits are analyzed, and the I/O model is used to track on regional economic development impacts. These regional impact estimates have little impact in project selection, but provide a selling tool to develop local support for project funding and implementation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: IMPLAN; Input-Output; Watershed analysis; Water quality; NRCS; Conservation; Regional analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20931
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