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| Figueroa,Gustavo. |
| Ethical problems resulting from brain research have given rise to a new discipline termed neuroethics, representing a new kind of knowledge capable of discovering the neural basis for universal ethics. The article (1) tries to evaluate the contributions of neuroethics to medical ethics and its suitability to outline the foundations of universal ethics, (2) critically analyses the process of founding this universal ethic. The potential benefits of applying neuroimaging, psy-chopharmacology and neurotechnology have to be carefully weighed against their potential harm. In view of these questions, an intensive dialogue between neuroscience and the humanities is more necessary than ever. |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Neuroethics; Free will; Mind-body problem; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602016000100011 |
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| Bento-Torres,N.V.O.; Bento-Torres,J.; Tomás,A.M.; Costa,V.O.; Corrêa,P.G.R.; Costa,C.N.M.; Jardim,N.Y.V.; Picanço-Diniz,C.W.. |
| Few studies have examined the influence of a low level of schooling on age-related cognitive decline in countries with wide social and economic inequalities by using the Cambridge Automated Neuropsychological Test Battery (CANTAB). The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of schooling on age-related cognitive decline using unbiased cognitive tests. CANTAB allows cognitive assessment across cultures and education levels with reduced interference of the examiner during data acquisition. Using two-way ANOVA, we assessed the influences of age and education on test scores of old adults (61–84 years of age). CANTAB tests included: Visual Sustained Attention, Reaction Time, Spatial Working Memory, Learning and Episodic Memory. All subjects had a... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Age-related cognitive decline; Primary prevention; Education; Neuropsychological tests; Memory; Neuroscience; CANTAB. |
| Ano: 2017 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2017000400702 |
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| William D. Klipec; Steven Faux. |
| We have developed a methodology for recording a robust P300 event related potential (ERP) in rats. In these experiments a contingency shaped model of the human “oddball’ paradigm was employed in which rats were shaped to press a lever for food reinforcement signaled by the click of the pellet dispenser. A target tone cued the insertion of the lever that retracted after 1­sec or immediately following a single reinforced response, while a non­target tone was randomly presented. Brain activity was recorded through stainless steel electrodes implanted 1mm below the skull. Here, we compared the amplitude of the P300 response to the click of the pellet dispenser to the amplitude of the P300 response to the target and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7100/version/1 |
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| Lizhong Xu. |
| The Hodgkin-Huxley model for action potentials has been widely used but was not built on a microscopic description of the neuronal membrane. Through molecular dynamics simulations, the molecular mechanism of the channel currents is becoming clear. However, the quantitative link between molecular mechanism and action potential remains to be elucidated. Here, a kinetic model for action potential based on the molecular mechanism of the channel currents is proposed. Using it, the experimental observations about action potential are reproduced quantitatively and explained based on molecular mechanism. We find that the accumulation of Na+ ions near exit of the electivity filter is the dominant event to cause the refractory period of the Na+ channel and the types... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5697/version/1 |
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| Kristin C. Rasmus; Jun-Gang Wang; Andrew L. Varnell; Eric M. Ostertag; Donald C. Cooper. |
| Shyness and social anxiety are predominant features of some psychiatric disorders including autism, schizophrenia, anxiety and depression. Understanding the cellular and molecular determinants of sociability may reveal therapeutic approaches to treat individuals with these disorders and improve their quality of life. Previous experiments from our laboratory have identified selective mRNA and protein expression of a nonselective cation channel known as the canonical transient receptor potential channel 4 (TRPC4s) in brain regions implicated in emotional regulation and anxiety. TRPC4 is highly expressed in the corticolimbic regions of the mammalian brain. We hypothesized that robust corticolimbic expression of TRPC4 may regulate the brain’s... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6367/version/1 |
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| Sepehr Ehsani. |
| The perception of time is an indispensable facet of human consciousness, and may in fact be dynamically present in primates and other species, albeit with different manifestations. Moreover, contrary to the physical measures of time, cognitive temporal perception may be subjectively affected by both internal and environmental cues. Here we review the evidence for the potential role of the auditory system in shaping the cortical measures of time, and propose possible auditory methods for studying this aspect of consciousness. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5941/version/1 |
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| Alexandra Chittka; Ursula Grazini. |
| During cortical development, neural stem cells (NSCs) switch from proliferative to neuron-generating asymmetric divisions. Here we investigated the role of Schwann cell factor 1 (SC1/PRDM4), a transcriptional repressor highly expressed in the developing nervous system, during NSCs development. We found that SC1 protein levels were down-regulated in newly differentiating neurons, while remaining high in undifferentiated NSCs, suggesting an asymmetric inheritance of SC1. Knockdown of SC1 in the NSCs led to precocious differentiation of neurons and its overexpression led to an increase in Nestin-expressing precursors. We found that SC1, through its amino-terminus, recruits the chromatin modifier PRMT5, a histone arginine methyltransferase that catalyses... |
| Tipo: Poster |
Palavras-chave: Molecular Cell Biology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4926/version/1 |
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| Dirk Derom; Randall A. Schmidt; Ian McLeod; Bruce A. Hewitt. |
| Contemporary cognitive neuroscience data sets are characterized by a lack of a standardized ontology, leading to shortcomings in data reports and data sharing along with possibly outdated modular models of functional brain mechanisms. Neuroinformatics is actively addressing these hiatuses, developing detailed and more powerful workbenches. However, the structuring of data is largely neglected due to the intrinsically different data sets in the neurosciences. Here we present a workbench called Metaneva addressing the need of data structures for the improvement of both data storage and data retrieval. We hereby present both our data structuring approach and the system developed specifically for the storage and retrieval of this Metaneva specific data... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4146/version/1 |
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| Olaf Riess; Holm Graessner. |
| The INCF Secretariat organized a workshop to focus on the “role of neuroinformatics in the processes of building, evaluating, and using genetic animal models for brain diseases” in Stockholm, December 13–14, 2009. Eight scientists specialized in the fields of neuroinformatics, database, ontologies, and brain disease participated together with two representatives of the National Institutes of Health and the European Union, as well as three observers of the national INCF nodes of Norway, Poland, and the United Kingdom. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5909/version/1 |
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| Adrian G. Dyer; Alan Dorin; Verena Reinhardt; Marcello G. P. Rosa. |
| Foraging bees use colour cues to help identify rewarding from unrewarding flowers, but as conditions change, bees may require behavioural flexibility to reverse their learnt preferences. Perceptually similar colours are learnt slowly by honeybees and thus potentially pose a difficult task to reverse-learn. Free-flying honeybees (N = 32) were trained to learn a fine colour discrimination task that could be resolved at ca. 70% accuracy following extended differential conditioning, and were then tested for their ability to reverse-learn this visual problem multiple times. Subsequent analyses identified three different strategies: ‘Deliberative-decisive’ bees that could, after several flower visits, decisively make a large change to... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Ecology; Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/7037/version/1 |
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| Melissa A. Fowler; Andrew L. Varnell; Donald C. Cooper. |
| Metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) null mutant (-/-) mice have been reported to totally lack the reinforcing or locomotor stimulating effects of cocaine. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for their locomotor and conditioned place- preference response to cocaine. Unlike the previous finding, here we show that compared to mGluR5 +/+ mice, -/- mice exhibit no difference in the locomotor response to low to moderate doses of cocaine (10 or 20 mg/kg). A high dose of cocaine (40 mg/kg) resulted in a blunted rather than absent locomotor response. We tested mGluR5 -/- and +/+ mice for conditioned place-preference to cocaine and found no group differences at a conditioning dose of 10 mg/kg, suggesting normal conditioned rewarding properties of cocaine. These... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience; Pharmacology. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/6180/version/2 |
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| Răzvan V. Florian. |
| In many cases, neurons process information carried by the precise timing of spikes. Here we show how neurons can learn to generate specific temporally-precise output spikes in response to input spike patterns, thus processing and memorizing information that is fully temporally coded, both as input and as output. We introduce two new supervised learning rules for spiking neurons with temporal coding of information (chronotrons), one that is analytically-derived and highly efficient, and one that has a high degree of biological plausibility. We show how chronotrons can learn to classify their inputs and we study their memory capacity. |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5190/version/1 |
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| Rakesh Sharma; Jose Katz. |
| Objective: Application of high-field 4.23 T MRI clinical imager was demonstrated for sodium-magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data acquisition. Primary hypothesis: Sodium [Na] in brain is MR visible. Secondary hypothesis was, if, application of multislice spin echo (MSSE) pulse sequence at selected scan parameters can sufficiently visualize the total sodium signal as indicator of sub-clinical activity. Material and Methods: MSSE pulse sequence technique was used to simulate sodium images of human brain. For validation purpose, inversion recovery pulse sequence was validated by optimization of scan inversion time (TI). Phantom of sodium and rat brain were imaged. Sodium images were validated and compared with proton MRI images. Results: MSSE pulse technique... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2856/version/1 |
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| Amedeo D'Angiulli; Sebastian Lipina. |
| In the context of cognitive neuroscience, the study of poverty and social gradients is a very young area of research where a core consensus of basic results is quickly emerging. However, as any emerging scientific discipline, the approaches used are influenced by epistemological stances inherited from other disciplines, and potentially implicit ideological systems as well. Explicitly or inadvertently, such influences can lead this critically important new area of research to methodological and ethical foundational challenges and to issues that are in need of debate (e.g., poverty definition criteria, lack of specificity when considering child poverty in terms of how children experience different type of deprivations, or lack of critics regarding social... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/4679/version/1 |
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| Abhay Sharma; Farhan Mohammad; Priyanka Singh. |
| A male Drosophila model of locomotor deficit induced by chronic pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), a proconvulsant used to model epileptogenesis in rodents, has recently been described. Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) ameliorate development of this behavioral abnormality. Time-series of microarray profiling of heads of male flies treated with PTZ has shown epileptogenesis-like transcriptomic perturbation in the fly model. Gender differences are known to exist in neurological and psychiatric conditions including epileptogenesis. We describe here the effects of chronic PTZ in Drosophila females, and compare the results with the male model. As in males, chronic PTZ was found found to cause a decreased climbing speed in females. In males, overrepresentation of Wnt, MAPK,... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Genetics & Genomics; Neuroscience; Pharmacology; Bioinformatics. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3460/version/1 |
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| Kei Nagashima; Ken Tokizawa; Yuki Uchida. |
| The circadian rhythm of body temperature (Tb) is a well-known phenomenon. However, it is unknown how the circadian system affects thermoregulation. Food deprivation in mice induces a greater reduction of Tb particularly in the light phase. We examined the role of the clock gene and the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) during induced hypothermia. At 20C with fasting, mice increased their metabolic heat production in the dark phase and maintained T~b~, whereas in the light phase, heat production was less, resulting in hypothermia. Under these conditions, neuronal activity in the SCN, assessed by cFos expression, increased only in the light phase. The differences between the phases in Clock mutant mice were less marked. The neural network between the SCN and... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/2940/version/1 |
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| Dorian Aur. |
| It is generally believed that spike timing features (firing rate, ISI) are the main characteristics that can be related to neural code. Contrary to this common belief, spike directivity, a new measure that quantifies transient charge density dynamics within action potentials (APs) provides better results in discriminating different categories of visual object recognition. Specifically, intracranial recordings from medial temporal lobe (MTL) of epileptic patients have been analyzed using firing rate, interspike intervals and spike directivity. A comparative statistical analysis of the same spikes from four selected neurons shows that electrical micro-mapped features in neurons display higher separability to input images compared to spike timing features. If... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/5345/version/2 |
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| Peter Dorsher. |
| Acupuncture involves treating illness by inserting needles at specified body locations (acupoints). The Principal meridians are pathways that join acupoints with related physiologic effects. Despite nearly 5000 years of continuous clinical study, an accepted anatomic or physiologic basis for acupuncture's clinical effects has remained elusive. Some acupoints overlie peripheral nerves, and fMRI studies demonstrate that acupoints have specific effects on central nervous system processing. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) founders described the body's viscera based on anatomic dissections yet not a discrete nervous system. By applying computer graphics and virtual human imaging techniques to human developmental neuroanatomy, this paradox... |
| Tipo: Manuscript |
Palavras-chave: Neuroscience. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3795/version/1 |
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| Registros recuperados: 585 | |
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