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| Registros recuperados: 27 | |
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| Fenske, James. |
| I show how abundant land and scarce labor shaped African institutions before colonial rule. I present a model in which exogenous suitability of the land for agriculture and endogenously evolving population determine the existence of land rights, slavery, and polygyny. I then use cross-sectional data on pre-colonial African societies to demonstrate that, consistent with the model, the existence of land rights, slavery, and polygyny occurred in those parts of Africa that were the most suitable for agriculture, and in which population density was greatest. Next, I use the model to explain institutions among the Egba of southwestern Nigeria from 1830 to 1914. While many Egba institutions were typical of a land-abundant environment, they sold land and had... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Africa; Institutions; Land rights; Slavery; Polygyny; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Political Economy; N57; O10. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55707 |
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| Costantino, Elena; Marchello, Maria Paola; Mezzano, Cecilia. |
| The increased interconnection among local and global players induced by globalization, as well as the need for a complete application of the “subsidiarity principle”, calls for a re-thinking of the “corporate social responsibility” concept. This new concept broadens the perspective of the single company interacting with its own stakeholders in relation to specific social and environmental impacts, to a network of organizations, with different aims and natures, collaborating on relevant sustainability issues. In this paper, the authors will provide a definition of “Territorial Social Responsibility”, sustaining the multi-stakeholder approach as a driver toward local sustainable development. Firstly, theoretical approaches to sustainable development at the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Local Sustainable Development; Territorial Social Responsibility; Participation; Local Governance; Accountability; Sustainability Reporting; Multi-Stakeholder Approach; Networks; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; M14; O10. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94791 |
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| Hazell, Peter B.R.. |
| The paper reviews the implications for rural development of current transformations in agriculture. It first identifies some of the driving forces - in addition to the impact of rising incomes in some but not all developing countries - behind the transformation process: changing market chains, shifts in public policy, OECD agricultural policies and HIV/AIDS. It then discusses some strategic issues for assisting the rural sector and small farms in developing countries: increasing the productivity of food staples, diversification into higher value products, organizing small farmer for marketing, agricultural services, non-farm opportunities and migration and targeting the vulnerable. It emphasizes the need for integrated interventions if small farm... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Poverty reduction; Agricultural transformation; Small farm development; Community/Rural/Urban Development; O10; O13; O18; Q10; Q18. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112592 |
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| Wolff, Hendrik; Chong, Howard; Auffhammer, Maximilian. |
| This paper examines the consequences of data error in data series used to construct aggregate indicators. Using the most popular indicator of country level economic development, the Human Development Index (HDI), we identify three separate sources of data error. We propose a simple statistical framework to investigate how data error may bias rank assignments and identify two striking consequences for the HDI. First, using the cutoff values used by the United Nations to assign a country as 'low', 'medium', or 'high' developed, we find that currently up to 45% of developing countries are misclassified. Moreover, by replicating prior development/macroeconomic studies, we find that key estimated parameters such as Gini coefficients and speed of convergence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Measurement Error; International Comparative Statistics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; O10; C82. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6502 |
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| Grobovsek, Jan. |
| Do intermediate goods help explain relative and aggregate productivity differences across countries? Three observations suggest they do: (i) intermediates are relatively expensive in poor countries; (ii) goods industries demand intermediates more intensively than service industries; (iii) goods industries are more prominent intermediate suppliers in poor countries. I build a standard multisector growth model accommodating these features to show that inefficient intermediate production strongly depresses aggregate productivity and increases the price ratio of final goods to services. Applying the model to data for middle and high income countries, I find that poorer countries are only modestly less efficient at producing goods than services, but... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Development Accounting; Productivity; Intermediate Goods; Production Economics; O10; O41; O47. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119112 |
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| Wolff, Hendrik; Chong, Howard; Auffhammer, Maximilian. |
| This paper examines the consequences of data error in data series used to construct aggregate indicators. Using the most popular indicator of country level economic development, the Human Development Index (HDI), we identify three separate sources of data error. We propose a simple statistical framework to investigate how data error may bias rank assignments and identify two striking consequences for the HDI. First, using the cutoff values used by the United Nations to assign a country as ‘low’, ‘medium’, or ‘high’ developed, we find that currently up to 45% of developing countries are misclassified. Moreover, by replicating prior development/macroeconomic studies, we find that key estimated parameters such as Gini coefficients and speed of convergence... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Measurement Error; International Comparative Statistics; International Development; O10; C82. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49763 |
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| Poddi, Laura; Vergalli, Sergio. |
| Over the last two decades in OECD countries increasingly more firms are certifying as Socially Responsible (CSR is the acronym for Corporate Social Responsibility). This kind of certification is assigned by private companies that guarantee that a certain firm’s behaviour is environmentally and sociologically correct. Some papers (including Preston and O’Bannon, 1997; Waddock and Graves, 1997; McWilliams and Sieger, 2001; Ullman, 1985) tried to establish if there exists a link between Social Responsibility certification and the performance of firms. Their results were ambiguous and did not show any common connection. This ambiguity depends mainly on the static nature of their analyses and on the problem of whether performance is affected more by... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Corporate Social Responsibility; Growth; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; M14; C23; O10. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52531 |
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| Anriquez, Gustavo; Stamoulis, Kostas G.. |
| This paper examines the relationship between rurality and poverty, and the role the agricultural sector can play in rural development, poverty reduction, and overall development. The historical views regarding the role of the primary sector in development are presented, and then using original data, the paper argues that there was an historical misjudgment against the primary sector that served as a foundation for anti-agricultural bias in public policy until the late 80’s. Finally, this paper explains how under certain conditions territorial/regional development strategies may prosper, but in other conditions, particularly in the least-developed countries rural space, agriculture is still necessarily the starting point for rural development. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Rural development; Agricultural growth; Poverty reduction; Production linkages; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Q10; O10; O13. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/112591 |
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| Ranis, Gustav. |
| This paper examines the causes of Taiwan's exceptional economic performance, focusing on the influence of organizational and policy choices and how Taiwan's example differs from those of more typical less-developed countries. After briefly citing cultural factors as proposed by his late colleague John Fei, Ranis proceeds to explore the issues of organic nationalism, natural resource endowment, access to foreign capital and other political factors that have produced such economic success. The author demonstrates how Taiwan's unique combination of strong organic nationalism, meager natural resources and limited access to foreign capital helped curb the Extended Dutch Disease phenomenon endemic in LDCs. In addition, the government's nonoscillatory, relatively... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Economic development; LDC; Political economy; Taiwan; Extended Dutch disease; Democracy; International Development; Political Economy; O10; O11; O50; P16. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28422 |
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| Ranis, Gustav. |
| The labor surplus economy model has as its basic premise the inability of unskilled agricultural labor markets to clear in countries with high man/land ratios. In such situations, the marginal product of labor is likely to fall below a bargaining wage, related to the average rather than the marginal product. The reallocation of such disguisedly unemployed workers by means of balanced intersectoral growth ultimately permits the entire economy to operate on neo-classical principles. Finally, the paper introduces open economy dimensions, indicates the existence of other labor surplus sub-sectors and briefly responds to neo-classical critiques on both theoretical and empirical grounds. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Development theory; Labor markets; Labor and Human Capital; O10; O12; O17. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28480 |
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| Registros recuperados: 27 | |
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