SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

van Berkum, Siemen.

Joining the EU's single market would subject the Turkish food supply chain to competition from mature industries and highly efficient, well-organised companies in the rest of the Union. To be ready for this competition, the Turkish agri-food chain has to tackle a number of serious bottlenecks, requiring modernisation and restructuring of the farm and food sector, and a more efficient marketing system, which provides for quality improvement incentives and price transparency. The rise of modern retail chains in the country and the inflow of FDI are two important factors that help preparing the Turkish food supply chain for the competitive pressures implied by the EU single market.

Economic Reform and Openness in China: China's Development Policies in the Last 30 Years

Palavras-chave: EU integration; Agri-food chain; Market structure and performance; Turkey; International Relations/Trade; F15; P27; Q13.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24626

Tisdell, Clement A..

This article adopts the point of view that China’s development policies can only be appreciated if they are considered by applying perspectives from institutional economics. This requires attention to be given to the historical, political and cultural context in which its economic development has occurred. Therefore, this article gives attention to the political events leading up to China’s decision in 1978 to begin its economic reforms and the way in which Deng Xiaoping crafted its new development path. It also discusses the subsequent extension of Deng’s development policies by more recent leaders of the Chinese Communist Party. Indicators of China’s economic progress (including its increasing economic openness) since 1978 are given, and its emerging...

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia: The Case of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan

Palavras-chave: China; Developmental states; Economic development; Economic reforms; Institutional economics; Market socialism; International Development; Political Economy; P00; P20; P26; P27; P30; O10; O20..

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90624

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

The paper examines agricultural production and productivity growth in two Central Asian countries – Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Both countries are characterized by a significant shift of resources from the traditional Soviet model of collective agriculture to more market-compliant individual and family farming. In both countries, the beginning of the policy-driven switch to family farming around 1997 coincided with the beginning of recovery in agriculture, namely resumption of agricultural growth after a phase of transition decline since 1991. In addition to growth in total agricultural production, we also observe significant increases in productivity of both land and labor since 1997. These observations suggest that productivity growth may be attributable...

Economic Ideas and Institutional Change: Evidence from Soviet Economic Discourse 1987-1991

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty; International Development; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54713

Zweynert, Joachim.

In recent years, institutional and evolutionary economists have become increasingly aware that ideas play an important role in economic development. In the current literature, the problem is usually elaborated upon in purely theoretical terms. In the present paper it is argued that ideas are always also shaped by historical and cultural factors. Due to this historical and cultural specificity theoretical research must be supplemented by historical case studies. The paper analyses the shift in ideas that took place in Soviet economic thought between 1987 and 1991. This case study, it is argued, may contribute to our understanding of the links between ideas and institutions. More specifically, it sheds new light on the issue of whether the evolution of...

RECENT EVIDENCE ON AGRICULTURAL EFFICIENCY AND PRODUCTIVITY IN CHINA: A METAFRONTIER APPROACH

Palavras-chave: Economic Ideas; Philosophy of Science; Institutional Change; Historical Specificity; Soviet Union; Transition; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; B24; P27.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26276

Rungsuriyawiboon, Supawat; Xiaobing, Wang.

Economic reform in China helped transform the structure and volume of agricultural production and resulted in significant changes in efficiency and productivity. This paper measures agricultural technical efficiency (TE) and total factor productivity (TFP) in China by allowing producers operating under their own technologies. A metafrontier function approach is applied using a panel data set on 28 provinces during 1991-2005. The provinces are categorized into advanced- technology and low-technology provinces. Based on the metafrontier estimation, TFP growth is decomposed into TE change (TEC), technical change (TC) and scale efficiency change (SEC). This information is useful for policy makers to design suitable policies in enhancing agricultural TE and TFP...

FIFTY YEARS OF REGIONAL INEQUALITY IN CHINA: A JOURNEY THROUGH REVOLUTION, REFORM AND OPENNESS

Palavras-chave: Metafrontier; Agriculture; China; Technical Efficiency; Total Factor Productivity.; Agribusiness; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Q16; Q18; P27.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90863

Kanbur, Ravi; Zhang, Xiaobo.

This paper constructs and analyses a long run time series for regional inequality in China from the Communist Revolution to the present. There have been three peaks of inequality in the last fifty years, coinciding with the Great Famine of the late 1950s, the Cultural Revolution of the late 1960s and 1970s, and finally the period of openness and global integration in the late 1990s. Econometric analysis establishes that regional inequality is explained in the different phases by three key variables--the ratio of heavy industry to gross output value, the degree of centralization, and the degree of openness.

Productivity and Efficiency of Corporate and Individual Farms in Ukraine

Palavras-chave: Inequality; Polarisation; Decentralization; Industrialization; Openness; Globalization; Chinese economy; Political Economy; D63; 018; P27.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7236

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of corporate and individual farms in Ukraine based primarily on cross-section data from a farm survey conducted by FAO in 2005. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier Analysis) for farms of different organizational forms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that, contrary to established convictions among the Ukrainian decision makers, the large corporate farms are not more productive than the smaller family farms. This finding is not restricted to Ukraine, as a similar result has been obtained by in Moldova, Russia, and the U.S. Policies encouraging a shift from large corporate farms...

GETREIDEPRODUKTION IN DER UKRAINE -- EINE KOMPARATIVE ANALYSE VON PRODUKTIONSKOSTEN

Palavras-chave: Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Technical efficiency; Total factor productivity; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Farm Management; Productivity Analysis; D24; J24; P27; P31; P32; Q12; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9985

Einax, Christian; Lissitsa, Alexej; Parkhomenko, Sergiy.

The following Discussion Paper aims to analyse the development path and profitability of grain production in Ukraine, which is one of the most important production branches of most Ukrainian agricultural companies. Methodologically, individual farm analysis and horizontal farm comparison are used. The cost benefit analysis has been widely used for farm analysis of the agricultural sector in market economies. However, only few applications could be observed in agribusiness research in Ukraine in the last years, presumably because of missing or unreliable data. Thus, the goal of this paper is to apply a standard farm management instrument for enterprise analyse in agriculture of a transition country. The results show small differences in production costs...

PRODUCTIVITY AND EFFICIENCY OF SMALL AND LARGE FARMS IN MOLDOVA

Palavras-chave: Grain market; Costs of production; Transition; Ukraine; Crop Production/Industries; Q12; Q13; Q18; P27.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14892

Lerman, Zvi; Sutton, William R..

The paper presents a comparative analysis of the productivity of small and large farms in Moldova based primarily on cross-section data from three farm surveys conducted by the World Bank and USAID in 2000 and 2003. The survey data are supplemented where feasible with time series from official national-level statistics. We calculate partial land and labor productivity, total factor productivity, and technical efficiency scores (using Stochastic Frontier and Data Envelopment Analysis algorithms) for the two categories of small individual farms and large corporate farms. Our results demonstrate with considerable confidence that small individual farms in Moldova are more productive and more efficient than large corporate farms. This finding is not restricted...

Dynamic Comparative Advantage: Implications for China

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7133

AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TRANSITION COUNTRIES

Lim, Steven; Feng, Gary.

Over the last two decades the structure of the Chinese economy has transformed rapidly. The transformation has had a significant impact on other economies, particularly as Chinese exports maintain their global ascendance. The economic threats and opportunities posed by China will continue to change over time. Yet very little research has been conducted on the economic forces that spur the transformation of China’s economic structure. We present a model of the forces underpinning China’s evolving economy, investigating the determinants of China’s progression through key economic stages, including the initial transition from agriculture to manufacturing. To highlight the speed of structural transformation we analyze data from 1985-2003. Our forecasts suggest...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Flying Geese model; Comparative advantage; China; International Relations/Trade; O41; O53; P27.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50273

Rungsuriyawiboon, Supawat; Lissitsa, Alexej.

Malmquist total factor productivity (TFP) index has been extensively applied in the literature to measure productivity growth decomposition. This study applies a parametric decomposition of a Generalized Malmquist TFP index to measure and compare the levels and trends in agricultural productivity in European countries, making use of the most-recent data available from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of United Nations. The aim of this study is to measure TFP developments in agriculture of transition countries after breakdown of socialism and to compare their TFP growth with other European countries. The Generalized Malmquist productivity index can be decomposed into technological change, technical efficiency change and scale efficiency change....

Semi-subsistence Farm Households in Central and South-eastern Europe: Current State and Future Perspectives

Palavras-chave: Transition countries; Malmquist; Multifactor Productivity; Agriculture; Productivity Analysis; Q16; Q18; P27.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14903

Fritzsch, Jana; Wegener, Stefan; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Curtiss, Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

The European Union (EU) introduced a special transitional semi-subsistence measure to promote the smallest agricultural producers, so-called semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) in the enlargement process. An outlook on the future of SFHs requires comprehensive and reliable information on the phenomenon and the impact of policy measures on their development. Therefore, a survey using a standardised questionnaire was conducted in Poland (175 households), Romania (185 households), and Bulgaria (184 households) from July to September 2007. In a first step, four major types of SFHs could be identified by means of cluster analysis: (i) rural diversifiers, (ii) rural pensioners, (iii) farmers, and (iv) rural newcomers. In a second step, a multiobjective...

Sources of Agricultural Productivity Growth in Central Asia

Palavras-chave: Semi-subsistence; Policy analysis; Transition countries; Multiobjective linear programming; Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Consumer/Household Economics; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C61; P27; Q12.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51444

Lerman, Zvi; Sedik, David J..

Semi-subsistence farm households and the non-farm rural economy - Perspectives and challenges

Palavras-chave: Agricultural productivity; Agricultural growth; Family farms; Corporate farms; Comparative performance; Agrarian reforms; Transition countries; Central Asia; Tajikistan; Uzbekistan; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis; P27; P31; P32; Q15; R14.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49312

Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Fritzsch, Jana; Wegener, Stefan; Curtiss, Jarmila; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio.

Semi-subsistence farm households (SFHs) have persevered in Central and Southeastern Europe. An outlook on future perspectives of SFHs asks for reliable information on the phenomenon of SFHs and the impact of policy measures on their development options: (1) intensifying farming, (2) diversifying income creating activities, or (3) exiting farming for waged employment. This article focuses on SFHs and rural non-farm employment (RNFE). On the basis of a comparative 2007-survey of 489 SFHs in Bulgaria, Poland and Romania, three countries with particularly many SFHs, four major types of SFHs (rural pensioners, farmers, rural diversifiers, rural newcomers) were identified. For policy analysis, a multiobjective linear programming household model was developed. In...