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| Registros recuperados: 205 | |
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| Kritski,Afrânio; Fujiwara,Paula I.; Vieira,Maria Armanda; Netto,Antonio Ruffino; Oliveira,Martha Maria; Huf,Gisele; Squire,S. Bertel. |
| In this manuscript, we report the current situation of tuberculosis globally and in Brazil, the need for new strategies toward tuberculosis control, focusing on new diagnostic technologies. Critical comments are given on the state of the art regarding the evaluation of new health technologies, degree of scientific evidence needed, evaluation of clinical impact, cost-effectiveness of incorporation into the health system and the social impact. |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Tuberculosis; Diagnostics; Impact; Evidence; Policy; Innovation; Regulatory agency. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000200015 |
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| Linhares,M.B.M.; Doca,F.N.P.; Martinez,F.E.; Carlotti,A.P.P.; Cassiano,R.G.M.; Pfeifer,L.I.; Funayama,C.A.; Rossi,L.R.G.; Finley,G.A.. |
| The goal of this study was to examine the prevalence, assessment and management of pediatric pain in a public teaching hospital. The study sample consisted of 121 inpatients (70 infants, 36 children, and 15 adolescents), their families, 40 physicians, and 43 nurses. All participants were interviewed except infants and children who could not communicate due to their clinical status. The interview included open-ended questions concerning the inpatients’ pain symptoms during the 24 h preceding data collection, as well as pain assessment and pharmacological/non-pharmacological management of pain. The data were obtained from 100% of the eligible inpatients. Thirty-four children/adolescents (28%) answered the questionnaire and for the other 72% (unable to... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Pain; Inpatients; Policy; Clinical audit. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012001200026 |
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| Twyman, Chasca; Department of Geography, University of Sheffield; Sheffield Centre for International Drylands Research; C.Twyman@shef.ac.uk; Fraser, Evan D. G.; Department of Geography, University of Guelph; University of Leeds; frasere@uoguelph.ca; Stringer, Lindsay C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; l.stringer@leeds.ac.uk; Quinn, C.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; C.H.Quinn@leeds.ac.uk; Dougill, Andrew J.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; a.j.dougill@leeds.ac.uk; Crane, Todd A.; Technology and Agrarian Development, Wageningen University ; todd.crane@wur.nl; Sallu, Susannah M.; Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds; s.sallu@leeds.ac.uk. |
| The literature on drought, livelihoods, and poverty suggests that dryland residents are especially vulnerable to climate change. However, assessing this vulnerability and sharing lessons between dryland communities on how to reduce vulnerability has proven difficult because of multiple definitions of vulnerability, complexities in quantification, and the temporal and spatial variability inherent in dryland agroecological systems. In this closing editorial, we review how we have addressed these challenges through a series of structured, multiscale, and interdisciplinary vulnerability assessment case studies from drylands in West Africa, southern Africa, Mediterranean Europe, Asia, and Latin America. These case studies adopt a common vulnerability framework... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Climate change; Drylands; Scenarios; Narratives; Development; Livelihoods; Poverty; Policy. |
| Ano: 2011 |
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| Armitage, Derek; University of Waterloo; derek.armitage@uwaterloo.ca; Charles, Anthony T; Saint Mary's University; Tony.Charles@SMU.CA; Johnson, Derek; University of Manitoba; derek_johnson@umanitoba.ca; Allison, Edward H; The WorldFish Center and the University of East Anglia; e.allison@cgiar.org. |
| Innovative combinations of social and ecological theory are required to deal with complexity and change in human-ecological systems. We examined the interplay and complementarities that emerge by linking resilience and social well-being approaches. First, we reflected on the limitations of applying ecological resilience concepts to social systems from the perspective of social theory, and particularly, the concept of well-being. Second, we examined the interplay of resilience and well-being concepts in fostering a social-ecological perspective that promises more appropriate management and policy actions. We examined five key points of interplay: (1) the limits of optimization thinking (e.g., maximum sustainable yield), (2) the role of human agency and... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Synthesis |
Palavras-chave: Adaptation; Agency; Governance; Integration; Interdisciplinarity; Policy; Sustainability; Thresholds; Transdisciplinarity; Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2012 |
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| Johnson, Fred A; U.S. Geological Survey; fjohnson@usgs.gov; Eaton, Mitchell J; U.S. Geological Survey; mitchell.eaton@usgs.gov; McMahon, Gerard; U.S. Geological Survey; gmcmahon@usgs.gov; Nilius, Raye; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; raye_nilius@fws.gov; Bryant, Michael R.; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; mike_bryant@fws.gov; Case, David J.; DJ Case & Associates; dave@djcase.com; Martin, Julien; U.S. Geological Survey; julienmartin@usgs.gov; Wood, Nathan J; U.S. Geological Survey; nwood@usgs.gov; Taylor, Laura; North Carolina State University; lotaylor@ncsu.edu. |
| National Wildlife Refuges (NWRs) in the United States play an important role in the adaptation of social-ecological systems to climate change, land-use change, and other global-change processes. Coastal refuges are already experiencing threats from sea-level rise and other change processes that are largely beyond their ability to influence, while at the same time facing tighter budgets and reduced staff. We engaged in workshops with NWR managers along the U.S. Atlantic coast to understand the problems they face from global-change processes and began a multidisciplinary collaboration to use decision science to help address them. We are applying a values-focused approach to base management decisions on the resource objectives of land managers, as well as... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive management; Allocation; Decision analysis; Ecosystem valuation; Global change; National Wildlife Refuge; Objectives; Policy; Portfolio analysis; Reserve design; Stakeholders. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Anderson, William F. A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; banderso@unb.ca; MacLean, David A.; University of New Brunswick, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Management; macleand@unb.ca. |
| In a 15-year case study, we used the multiple streams approach (MSA) and the advocacy coalition framework (ACF) to examine a controversial industry-led proposal for increased harvest of Crown forests in New Brunswick, Canada, in an adversarial policy subsystem. Study participants were queried on their perceptions of policy problems and reasons for community attention, the relationship between science and policy, and whether policy decisions were consistent with scientific understanding. Thematic analysis was used to examine interview data for evidence of Kingdon’s MSA and Sabatier’s ACF. During public hearings of a Legislative Select Committee on Wood Supply, two competing policy alternatives emerged. The first, put forward by the... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: Crown forests; Forest management; Forest policy; Government agenda; Jaakko Pö Yry report; Policy; Policy-oriented learning; Policy windows. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Hull, Vanessa; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; hullvane@msu.edu; Tuanmu, Mao-Ning; Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; mao-ning.tuanmu@yale.edu; Liu, Jianguo; Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability (CSIS), Michigan State University; liuji@msu.edu. |
| In today’s globalized world, humans and nature are inextricably linked. The coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) framework provides a lens with which to understand such complex interactions. One of the central components of the CHANS framework involves examining feedbacks among human and natural systems, which form when effects from one system on another system feed back to affect the first system. Despite developments in understanding feedbacks in single disciplines, interdisciplinary research on CHANS feedbacks to date is scant and often site-specific, a shortcoming that prevents complex coupled systems from being fully understood. The special feature “Exploring Feedbacks in Coupled Human and Natural Systems (CHANS)”... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports |
Palavras-chave: CHANS; Feedback; Policy; Sustainability; Telecoupling; Time lag. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Cosens, Barbara A; University of Idaho College of Law; bcosens@uidaho.edu. |
| Ecologists have made great strides in developing criteria for describing the resilience of an ecological system. In addition, expansion of that effort to social-ecological systems has begun the process of identifying changes to the social system necessary to foster resilience in an ecological system such as the use of adaptive management and integrated ecosystem management. However, these changes to governance needed to foster ecosystem resilience will not be adopted by democratic societies without careful attention to their effect on the social system itself. Delegation of increased flexibility for adaptive management to resource management agencies must include careful attention to assuring that increased flexibility is exercised in a manner that is... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Adaptive governance; Ecosystem management; Law; Legitimacy; Networks; Policy; Resilience. |
| Ano: 2013 |
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| Moss, Timothy; Leibniz Institute for Regional Development and Structural Planning, Erkner; MossT@irs-net.de; Griefahn, Barbara; Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund;; Kloas, Werner; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin;; Voigt, Christian C.; Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin;; Schwope, Axel; Astrophysikalisches Institut Potsdam;; Franke, Steffen ; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald;; Uhrlandt, Dirk ; Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Greifswald;; Klenke, Reinhard; Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research, UFZ, Leipzig ;; Wolter, Christian; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Berlin; wolter@igb-berlin.de. |
| Although the invention and widespread use of artificial light is clearly one of the most important human technological advances, the transformation of nightscapes is increasingly recognized as having adverse effects. Night lighting may have serious physiological consequences for humans, ecological and evolutionary implications for animal and plant populations, and may reshape entire ecosystems. However, knowledge on the adverse effects of light pollution is vague. In response to climate change and energy shortages, many countries, regions, and communities are developing new lighting programs and concepts with a strong focus on energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions. Given the dramatic increase in artificial light at night (0 - 20% per year,... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed article |
Palavras-chave: Artificial light; Energy efficiency; Lighting concept; Light pollution; Nightscape; Policy; Sustainability; Transdisciplinary. |
| Ano: 2010 |
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| Ecological restoration has been mainstreamed in international biodiversity policies in the last five years. I analyze statements about restoration in three international policies: the Convention for Biodiversity Strategic Plan 2011-2020 and Aichi Biodiversity Targets, the Convention for Biodiversity Decision XI/16 on ecosystem restoration, and the European Union’s Biodiversity Strategy to 2020. I argue that restoration functions at three different levels in these policies: as an objective, as a target, and as a tool. Because restoration appears at all three levels, the policies encourage counting all restoration activity as meeting the objectives of the policy regardless of the activity’s actual effect on ecosystem services or... |
| Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight |
Palavras-chave: Convention on Biological Diversity; Ecological restoration; European Union; Policy. |
| Ano: 2015 |
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| Avila,Teresa; Izquierdo,Juan. |
| The Bolivia study is part of an ongoing multiple case study organized by the FAO's Regional Office for Latin America and the Caribbean as part of the activities of the Technical Cooperation Network on Agricultural Biotechnology (REDBIO/FAO). The basic information was obtained through a survey and/or direct interview to a significant number of experts from Bolivian institutions involving management, regulation, research, innovation, application and education of agricultural biotechnology. At national level, the most relevant applied agri-biotechnologies are presently in vitro plant culture, genomics, molecular genetics, assisted reproduction techniques in animals, and techniques supporting plant and animal disease diagnosis. They have been developed and... |
| Tipo: Journal article |
Palavras-chave: Andean crops; Appropriate biotechnology; Biotechnology administration; Bolivia; Genetic resources; Policy; REDBIO/FAO; Regulations; Technical cooperation network on plant biotechnology. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582006000100002 |
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| Registros recuperados: 205 | |
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