SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Szirmai, Adam; Ren, Ruoen; Bai, Manyin.

This paper uses the detailed information in the 1995 Census of Industrial Production as a benchmark for analysing the coverage, concepts and consistency of published statistical series. On the basis of the analysis, the paper proposes a series of adjustments which result in more consistent long-run series of labour productivity for 21 manufacturing sectors from 1980-2002. For purposes of international comparisons with the USA, the paper subsequently presents industry of origin unit value ratios for the benchmark year 1995. These are used to convert Chinese value added into US dollars. In 2002, value added for the statistically well-covered sectors of Chinese manufacturing was 43 per cent of US value added, against 12 per cent in 1980. The comparative...

Economic Returns to Public Agricultural Research

Palavras-chave: China; Manufacturing; Productivity growth; Catch up; Unit value ratios; International comparisons; Industrial Organization; O14; O40; O47.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28525

Fuglie, Keith O.; Heisey, Paul W..

Over the last several decades, the U.S. agricultural sector has sustained impressive productivity growth. The Nation's agricultural research system, including Federal-State public research as well as private-sector research, has been a key driver of this growth. Economic analysis finds strong and consistent evidence that investment in agricultural research has yielded high returns per dollar spent. These returns include benefits not only to the farm sector but also to the food industry and consumers in the form of more abundant commodities at lower prices.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Technology; Total factor productivity; TFP; Research investments; Food; Input; Output; Crop yield; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Public spending; Private sector research; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6388

Agricultural Productivity Growth in the Euro-Med Region: Is there Evidence of Convergence?

Galonopulos, K.; Surry, Yves R.; Mattas, Konstadinos.

This paper measures agricultural productivity growth by means of the sequential Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index among a set of thirty-two countries including West European, Central and East European (CEE) and Middle East and North African (MENA) countries for the period 1961-2002. At a second stage it is also investigated whether this measure is converging among the countries, by employing cross-sectional tests for absolute and conditional β-convergence as well as for club convergence. Results suggest that despite the fact that the CEE and MENA countries exhibit a high rate of productivity growth after the 1990s, absolute convergence cannot be accepted. Still, evidence for conditional convergence is found and the formation of two separate...

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 1: Primary Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Sequential Malmquist TFP; Convergence.; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43954

Microeconomic Flexibility in Latin America

This report is the first chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector. The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian primary agricultural sector in relation to the financial position of farms and the challenges and opportunities facing the sector. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Primary agriculture; Structural change; Performance of farms; Farm family income; Aggregate cash income; Net farm income; Profitability; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Livestock Production/Industries; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52707

Caballero, Ricardo J.; Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.; Micco, Alejandro.

We characterize the degree of microeconomic inflexibility in several Latin American economies and find that Brazil, Chile and Colombia are more flexible than Mexico and Venezuela. The difference in flexibility among these economies is mainly explained by the behavior of large establishments, which adjust more promptly in the more flexible economies, especially when accumulated shocks are substantial. We also study the path of flexibility in Chile and show that it declined in the aftermath of the Asian crisis. This decline can account for a substantial fraction of the large decline in TFP-growth in Chile since 1997 (from 3.1 percent per year for the preceding decade, to about 0.3 percent after that). Moreover, if it were to persist, it could permanently...

Agricultural productivity growth in the Mediterranean and tests of convergence among countries

Palavras-chave: Microeconomic rigidities; Creative-destruction; Job flows; Restructuring and reallocation; Productivity growth; Financial Economics; E2; J2; J6.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28527

Galanopoulos, Konstantinos; Lindberg, Emma; Surry, Yves R.; Mattas, Konstadinos.

This paper measures agricultural productivity among a set of thirteen Mediterranean countries which includes two EU- 15 countries (Greece and Spain), another two EU- 25 (Cyprus and Malta) one country under accession negotiations (Turkey) and eight Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries (Algeria, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Libya, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia) from 1961 to 2002. The objective of the paper is twofold: Firstly, to analyse agricultural productivity growth in the Mediterranean countries by means of the sequential Malmquist Total Factor Productivity (TFP) index and secondly, to investigate whether this measure is converging among these countries. In terms of the first objective, TFP indices are decomposed into efficiency changes and technical...

The Role of Productivity Growth and Farmers' Income Protection Policies in the Decline of Relative Farm Prices in the United States

Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Sequential Malmquist TFP; Convergence.; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10101

Miljkovic, Dragan; Jin, Hyun Joung; Paul, Rodney.

The paper emphasizes three interrelated questions about the decline in relative farm to non-farm prices in the United States since 1973; 1) Is it unusual, 2) What caused it, and 3) Is it likely to continue? We find that based on historical and international evidence this phenomenon may be considered unusual. Separating farm price and income support in 1973 and growing relative productivity in agriculture has been the major contributor to changing the trend of the relative farm goods inflation. This trend is likely to continue based on predicted steady growth of relative agricultural productivity and continuation of direct payments and other forms of farm income support policies.

Incorporating Environmental Impacts in the Measurement of Agricultural Productivity Growth

Palavras-chave: Government transfers; Productivity growth; Relative farm prices; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9368

Ball, V. Eldon; Lovell, C.A. Knox; Luu, H.; Nehring, Richard F..

Agricultural production is known to have environmental impacts, both adverse and beneficial, and it is desirable to incorporate at least some of these impacts in an environmentally sensitive productivity index. In this paper, we construct indicators of water contamination from the use of agricultural chemicals. These environmental indicators are merged with data on marketed outputs and purchased inputs to form a state-by-year panel of relative levels of outputs and inputs, including environmental impacts. We do not have prices for these undesirable by products, since they are not marketed. Consequently, we calculate a series of Malmquist productivity indexes, which do not require price information. Our benchmark scenario is a conventional Malmquist...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Environmental impacts; Productivity growth; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30911

Imperfect Competition and Total Factor Productivity Growth in U.S. Food Processing

Azzam, Azzeddine M.; Lopez, Elena; Lopez, Rigoberto A..

This article examines the role of imperfect competition in determining total factor productivity growth (TFPG) by bringing together a New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) model and the TFPG model of Nadiri and Mamuneas (1998). Applying the integrated model to 1973-92 data from 29 food processing industries revealed that changes in markups, economies of scale, and demand growth contributed positively to TFPG while the disembodied technical change was a negative contributor. Furthermore, the TFPG estimates are starkly different from the conventional (Solow's residual) TFPG measures, underscoring the need to account for imperfect competition, returns to scale, and demand in analyses of this type.

Policy Reform and Productivity Change in Chinese Agriculture: A Distance Function Approach

Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Imperfect competition; Scale economies; Food processing; Agribusiness; Industrial Organization; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25147

Brümmer, Bernhard; Glauben, Thomas; Lu, Wencong C..

Agricultural policy reform has been an important source of change in the Chinese agricultural sector. The reforms led to productivity growth and helped China in pursuing its self-sufficiency goal especially in the grain sector. To analyse whether observable productivity growth stems from technologically induced components, or from the market induced parts, a multi-input-multi-output model is derived using an econometric distance function framework. A decomposition allows to distinguish allocative effects, scale effects, technological change, and technical efficiency change. Data on farms in Zhejiang from 1986 to 1999 are used to analyse the impact of policy reform.

WHY ARE US AND EU POLICIES TOWARD GMOs SO DIFFERENT?

Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; China; Policy reform; Distance function; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24779

Jackson, Lee Ann; Anderson, Kym.

The development of genetically modified (GM) agricultural products requires new policies to manage potential food safety and environmental risks. The policy positions taken to date on GM foods by the United States and the European Union are very different. The US has few restrictions on production and trade in GM food products and no costly labelling requirements, whereas the EU has close to a ban on the production and importation of GM foods. This paper seeks to explain (a) why both the US and EU policies are extreme in the light of the uncertainty about the risks associated with GM foods, (b) what their consequences are for income distribution and trade in farm products, and (c) what it means for the GM policies and economic welfare of people in other...

Analysing agricultural productivity growth in a framework of institutional quality

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified crops; Trade barriers; Productivity growth; Political economy of agricultural protection; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2003

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57898

Ahmed, Mirza Nomman; Maas, Sarah; Schmitz, P. Michael.

This paper addresses the question whether the institutional environment of transition countries in Eastern Europe affects productivity growth in the agricultural sector. Situated in a neoclassical growth framework, a dynamic panel model for the period 1996-2005 provides evidence that poor institutional quality leads to a slowdown in agricultural productivity growth. Productivity growth is limited by a high degree of corruption, which is of particular importance given that corruption has been proven to be most prevalent in Eastern European countries. Moreover, agricultural productivity in countries where privatisation and transferability of land is restricted is found to grow at a slower rate than countries supporting market-oriented land reforms....

Productivity Growth in U.S. Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Eastern Europe; Transition; Productivity growth; Agricultural and Food Policy; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Political Economy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90793

Fuglie, Keith O.; MacDonald, James C.; Ball, V. Eldon.

Innovation and changes in technology have been a driving force for gains in productivity growth in U.S. agriculture. USDA's Economic Research Service has developed annual indexes of agricultural inputs, outputs, and total factor productivity (TFP) for 1948 through 2004. American agriculture relies almost entirely on productivity growth to raise output. By lowering the cost of agricultural commodities, productivity growth benefits not only farmers but also food manufacturers and consumers.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Productivity; Productivity growth; Total factor productivity; TFP; Labor; Farm economy; Prices; Agricultural research; Agricultural output; Technology; ERS; USDA; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6382

SUBSIDIES, ENDOGENOUS TECHNICAL EFFICIENCY AND THE MEASUREMENT OF PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH

The 20th Century Transformation of U.S. Agriculture and Farm Policy

Lachaal, Lassaad.

The impacts of program subsidy on productivity growth is investigated in this study Mundlak's concept of endogeneity is applied to technical efficiency and generalized within a dual framework. Technology is described by an aggregate cost function while technical efficiency is conditional on a vector of state variables. Empirical evidence from the U.S. dairy sector supports the hypothesis that protectionism, in the form of program subsidy, is the source of considerable technical inefficiencies.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Dairy sector; Endogenous technical efficiency; Productivity growth; Subsidy; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 1994

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15432

Dimitri, Carolyn; Effland, Anne; Conklin, Neilson C..

The structure of farms, farm households, and the rural communities in which they exist has evolved markedly over the last century. Historical data on a range of farm structure variables—including the value of agricultural production, commodity specialization, farming-dependent counties, and off-farm work—offer a perspective on the long-term forces that have helped shape the structure of agriculture and rural life over the past century. These forces include productivity growth, the increasing importance of national and global markets, and the rising influence of consumers on agricultural production. Within this long-term context of structural change, a review of some key developments in farm policy considers the extent to which farm policy design has or has...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Farm policy; Farm structure; Policy adjustment; Structural adjustment; Mechanization; Productivity growth; Global markets; Consumer stakeholders; Price and income support; Farm policy history; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59390

Productivity growth and the effects of R&D in African agriculture

Alene, Arega D..

This paper measures and compares total factor productivity growth in African agriculture under contemporaneous and sequential technology frontiers over the period 1970–2004. The paper further investigates the sources of agricultural productivity growth using a fixed-effects regression model and a second-degree polynomial distributed lag structure for agricultural research. The conventional estimates show an average productivity growth rate of only 0.3% per year over the period 1970–2004. In contrast to conventional measures, however, the improved measures under sequential technology show that agricultural productivity grew at a higher rate of 1.8% per year. Technical progress, rather than efficiency change, was the principal source of productivity growth....

What do unions do at the large scale? Macro-economic evidence from a panel of OECD countries

Palavras-chave: Productivity growth; Sequential technology; R&D; Africa; International Development; Productivity Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51436

Asteriou, Dimitrios; Monastiriotis, Vassilis.

This paper investigates the long-run relationship between trade unionism and productivity using a panel data set comprising of 18 OECD economies. Much of the existing evidence on this issue derives from micro-economic studies, with limited attention paid to long-run dynamics and economy-wide effects. Using the mean group and pooled mean group estimation techniques on cross-country panel data, the paper offers support to the "productivity-increasing face of unionism" hypothesis, revealing a positive relationship between trade union density and per worker output.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Trade unions; Productivity growth; Panel data econometrics; C23; J51; O4.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43639

Effective Labor Regulation and Microeconomic Flexibility

Caballero, Ricardo J.; Cowan, Devin N.; Engel, Eduardo M.R.A.; Micco, Alejandro.

Microeconomic flexibility, by facilitating the process of creative-destruction, is at the core of economic growth in modern market economies. The main reason for why this process is not infinitely fast is the presence of adjustment costs, some of them technological, others institutional. Chief among the latter is labor market regulation. While few economists would object to such a view, its empirical support is rather weak. In this paper we revisit this hypothesis and find strong evidence for it. We use a new sectoral panel for 60 countries and a methodology suitable for such a panel. We find that job security regulation clearly hampers the creative-destruction process, especially in countries where regulations are likely to be enforced. Moving from the...

Report on Long Term Challenges and Opportunities for Future Competitiveness and Prosperity of the Agriculture and Agri-Food Industry - Chapter 2: Structure and Performance of the Canadian Food Processing Industry

Palavras-chave: Microeconomic rigidities; Creative-destruction; Job security regulation; Adjustment costs; Rule of law; Productivity growth; Labor and Human Capital; E24; J23; J63; J64; K00.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28486

Productivity Divergence across Kansas Farms

This report is the second chapter of the final report prepared by the Federal/Provincial/Territorial (FPT) Working Group (WG) on Economic Analysis at the request of FPT Assistant Deputy Ministers (ADMs), in a joint FPT effort to study the challenges and opportunities facing the agriculture and agri-food sector. The report is a compilation of data and information that presents a snapshot of the Canadian Food Processing Industry in relation to the structure, performance, productivity growth, innovation, challenges and opportunities. It finalizes the analysis of the FPT WG by expanding and updating the information that was previously published in a Progress report on AAFC Online in February, 2006.

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Food processing; Structural change; Consolidation; Performance; Competitiveness; Productivity growth; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Consumer/Household Economics; Crop Production/Industries; Demand and Price Analysis; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Industrial Organization; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Marketing; Production Economics; Productivity Analysis; Public Economics; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/52706