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Registros recuperados: 38
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Las principales aportaciones a la teoria de la regulacion medioambiental. Los ultimos cuarenta anos. AgEcon
Grau, Montserrat Viladrich.
Resumen: En este artículo analizo las principales aportaciones a la teoría de la regulación medioambiental desarrolladas durante los últimos cuarenta años. Inicio este recorrido en los años sesenta con la presentación de las primeras contribuciones. A continuación, abordo el estudio de la década de los setenta, donde me centro de manera preferente en la comparación de las propiedades de los sistemas basados en incentivos económicos y de los basados en cantidades. Seguidamente me adentro en los desarrollos que surgieron durante los ochenta, concentrando mi atención en el análisis de los sistemas de licencias negociables. Por último, analizo como en la década de los noventa la regulación medioambiental se orienta hacia la búsqueda de soluciones para...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Q58; Q50.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28778
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Economics of Natural Resource Scarcity: The State of the Debate AgEcon
Krautkraemer, Jeffrey A..
Whether economic growth can be sustained in a finite natural world is one of the earliest and most enduring questions in economic literature. Even with unprecedented growth in human population and resource consumption, humans have been quite adept at finding solutions to the problem of scarce natural resources, particularly in response to signals of increased scarcity. Because environmental resources generally are not generally traded on markets, however, scarcity signals for these resources may be inadequate, and appropriate policy responses are difficult to implement and manage. In the debate over the economic scarcity of natural resources, one significant change in recent years has been a greater focus on the ecosystem services and the resource...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Natural resource scarcity; Environmental amenities; Resource substitution; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q01; Q10; Q20; Q30; Q40; Q50.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10562
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A PARTIAL EQUILIBRIUM MODEL OF THE LINKAGES BETWEEN ANIMAL WELFARE, TRADE AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN SCOTLAND AgEcon
Toma, Luiza; Ashworth, Cheryl J.; Stott, Alistair W..
This research analyses the impacts of a scientific advance that improves animal welfare, upon the environment and trade in Scotland using partial equilibrium (PE) modelling. The science improves pig neonatal survival through improved (high fibre) sow diets used before mating. Our model simulates the effects of animal welfare changes on the pig production systems (pig meat) and further on trade flows (trade in pig meat) and environment (water and air pollution). We consider two animal welfare simulation scenarios, namely the status quo – no animal welfare change as regards pig neonatal mortality (baseline scenario) and the case of improving pig neonatal survival (alternative scenario) and compare the impacts on trade and environment between the two...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Pig Welfare; Trade; Environment; Scotland; Partial Equilibrium Model.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q18; Q50.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44825
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Responsibility and Sustainability in a Food Chain: A Priority Matrix Analysis AgEcon
Caracciolo, Francesco; Gorgitano, Maria Teresa; Lombardi, Pasquale; Sanino, Giuliana; Verneau, Fabio.
This paper shows the results of empirical research conducted to assess the sustainability of a typical food supply chain, suggesting feasible solutions to satisfy inter-dimensional requisites of durable development. The analysis was conducted with reference to the supply chain of the San Marzano tomato (SMZ), a typical local food. The product is endowed with an origin certification label (PDO), meeting demand within high-value market niches. The SMZ is a flagship product in the Italian region of Campania and has benefited from several regionally funded interventions, such as genetic research and support for the application for EU certification of origin). Two key findings emerged from the research. First, the results allowed us to define a Stakeholder...
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: PDO product; Sustainability assessment; Food chain management.; Agribusiness; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Q01; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121950
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Conservation Value AgEcon
Tisdell, Clement A..
This paper outlines the significance of the concept of conservation value and discusses ways in which it is determined paying attention to views stemming from utilitarian ethics and from deontological ethics. The importance of user costs in relation to economic decisions about the conservation and use of natural resources is emphasised. Particular attention is given to competing views about the importance of conserving natural resources in order to achieve economic sustainability. This then lends to a discussion of the value of conserving natural resources in order to meet the moral obligations of present generations to future generations. Anthropogenic views of the value of conserving natural resources (for example, derived from utilitarian ethics) are...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Anthropogenic values; Conservation value; Deontological ethics; Ecocentric values; Economic sustainability; Intergenerational equity; Natural resources; Neo-Malthusianism; Precautionary motive; Sustainability; Sustainable development; User costs; Utilitarian ethics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q01; Q20; Q30; Q50; Q51.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90879
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Demand and price volatility: rational habits in international gasoline demand AgEcon
Scott, K. Rebecca.
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Gasoline demand; Rational habits; Price elasticity; Environmental Economics and Policy; Public Economics; H30; Q40; Q41; Q50; R40.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121931
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Demand and price volatility: rational habits in international gasoline demand AgEcon
Scott, K. Rebecca.
The combination of habits and a forward outlook suggests that consumers will be sensitive not just to prices but to price dynamics. In particular, rational habits models suggest 1. that price volatility and uncertainty will reduce demand for a habit-forming good and 2. that such volatility will dampen demand’s responsiveness to price. These two implications can be tested by augmenting a traditional partial-adjustment or error-correction model of demand. I apply this augmented model to data on gasoline consumption, as rational habits provide a succinct representation for the investment and behavioral decisions that determine gasoline usage. The trade-o¤s among 2SLS, system GMM, and pooled mean group (PMG) estimators are considered, and my preferred PMG...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Gasoline demand; Rational habits; Price elasticity; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; H30; Q40; Q41; Q50; R40.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122891
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U.S. State-Level Carbon Dioxide Emissions: A Spatial-Temporal Econometric Approach of the Environmental Kuznets Curve AgEcon
Burnett, J. Wesley; Bergstrom, John C..
One of the major criticisms of past environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) studies is that the spatiotemporal aspects within the data have largely been ignored. By ignoring the spatial aspect of pollution emissions past estimates of the EKC implicitly assume that a region’s emissions are unaffected by events in neighboring regions (i.e., assume there are no transboundary pollution emissions between neighbors). By ignoring the spatial aspects within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated biased or inconsistent regression results. By ignoring the temporal aspect within the data several past estimates of the EKC could have generated spurious regression results or misspecified t and F statistics. To address this potential...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Carbon Dioxide; Spatial Econometrics; Panel Data Econometrics; Time Series Analysis; Environmental Economics; Pollution Economics; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q53; Q43; C01; C33.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96031
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Evaluacion comparativa multifuncional de sistemas agrarios mediante AHP: aplicacion al olivar ecologico, integrado y convencional en Andalucía AgEcon
Lopez, Carlos Parra; Calatrava-Requena, Javier; Gimenez, Tomas De Haro.
Aunque el concepto de multifuncionalidad está plasmado, implícita o explícitamente, en el diseño de las políticas agrarias actuales, su consideración a la hora de analizar y evaluar sistemas agrarios es aún relativamente escasa en la literatura. Para tal fin se propone utilizar el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP), técnica de decisión multicriterio discreta que se utiliza para la toma de decisiones complejas. La metodología AHP es expuesta junto con un procedimiento propuesto para medir el acuerdo relativo entre decisores y la uniformidad de las alternativas en la toma de decisiones en grupo. Finalmente, AHP es aplicado a la evaluación del olivar ecológico, integrado y convencional de Andalucía considerando criterios de...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Multifunctionality; Analytic Hierarchy Process; AHP; Multicriteria decision making; Group decision making; Relative agreement indices; Relative uniformity indices; Olive grove; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q01; C65; Q50.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28771
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Wind Integration into Various Generation Mixtures AgEcon
Maddaloni, Jesse D.; Rowe, Andrew M.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.
A load balance model is used to quantify the economic and environmental effects of integrating wind power into three typical generation mixtures. System operating costs over a specified period are minimized by controlling the operating schedule of existing power generating facilities for a range of wind penetrations. Unlike other studies, variable generator efficiencies, and thus variable fuel costs, are taken into account, as are the ramping constraints on thermal generators. Results indicate that system operating cost will increase by 15% to 110% (pending generation mixture) at a wind penetration of 100% of peak demand. Results also show that some mixtures will exhibit cost reductions on the order of 13% for moderate wind penetrations and high wind farm...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Wind power integration; Generation mixtures; Emissions cost; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q40; Q42; Q50.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37044
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Reformulating competition? Gasoline content regulation and wholesale gasoline prices AgEcon
Brown, Jennifer; Hastings, Justine; Mansur, Erin T.; Villas-Boas, Sofia Berto.
Revised from an earlier version from January 2006. Published in JEEM v. 55:1, January 2008.
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental economics; Fuel requirements; Gasoline; Oligopoly; Prices; Regulations; Environmental Economics and Policy; L13; L51; Q50.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/120475
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Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia AgEcon
Pannell, David J.; Roberts, Anna M.; Park, Geoff; Curatolo, April; Marsh, Sally P.; Alexander, Jennifer.
This is a pre-publication version of: Pannell, D.J., Roberts, A.M., Park, G., Alexander, J., Curatolo, A. and Marsh, S. (2012). Integrated assessment of public investment in land-use change to protect environmental assets in Australia, Land Use Policy 29(2): 377-387.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q20; Q50.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102455
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Modeling the Effects of Cap and Trade and a Carbon Offset Policy on Crop Allocations and Farm Income AgEcon
Nalley, Lawton Lanier; Popp, Michael P..
A static, producer profit maximization framework is used to capture county level land use choice on the basis of profitability, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions to the farm gate as well as soil carbon sequestration as affected by tillage and soil type. Policy scenarios of a 5% GHG cap on agricultural emissions in conjunction with a carbon offset payment system, designed to provide producer payments for net carbon footprint (GHG emissions – soil carbon sequestration) reductions compared to a baseline are evaluated to determine potential changes to land use and or producer income as a result of different policy scenarios. Results suggest that a policy solely targeted at emissions can be counterproductive in the sense that acreage reductions of more...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Cap and Trade; Carbon Sequestration; GHG Emissions; Agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58; Q54.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60931
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Using Auctions for Conservation Contracts to Protect Queensland's Vegetation: Lessons from the Vegetation Incentives Program AgEcon
Comerford, Emma; Binney, Jim.
Auctions for conservation contracts are experiencing great popularity in Australia due to their perceived cost effectiveness. However, there is still much to be learned about this economic instrument. Queensland's state government recently decided to use an auction mechanism to allocate a $12 million incentives program. This was called the Queensland Vegetation Incentives Package (VIP), and was aimed at encouraging better protection and management of high value non-remnant vegetation. The PhD work of the presenting author is using the VIP as a case study to explore the use of auctions for conservation contracts in Queensland. In particular, observing the VIP gives insight into participant behaviour and the impact of the policy formation process on an...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q50; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25495
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Consumer Preferences for Refrigerators Manufactured by “Climate Leaders” AgEcon
Li, Xiaogu; Clark, Christopher D.; Jensen, Kimberly L.; Yen, Steven T..
In 2002, EPA established a voluntary program called the Climate Leaders Program (CL Program) designed for organizations to complete a corporate greenhouse gas (GHG) inventory, set a goal for reducing GHG emissions, and achieve that goal. The program was never implemented as a product labeling program. In 2010, EPA announced the program’s phase out. This study examines whether the CL Program could have been effectively used as a consumer product labeling program to assist consumers in choosing products manufactured by firms that have voluntarily set and achieved targeted GHG emission reductions.
Tipo: Presentation Palavras-chave: Consumer Preferences; Climate Leaders; Willingness-to-Pay; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q58.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123756
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Creating Carbon Offsets in Agriculture through No-Till Cultivation: A Meta-Analysis of Costs and Carbon Benefits AgEcon
Manley, James G.; van Kooten, G. Cornelis; Moeltner, Klaus; Johnson, Dale W..
Carbon terrestrial sinks are often seen as a low-cost alternative to fuel switching and reduced fossil fuel use for lowering atmospheric CO2. To determine whether this is true for agriculture, one meta-regression analysis (52 studies, 536 observations) examines the costs of switching from conventional tillage to no-till, while another (51 studies, 374 observations) compares carbon accumulation under the two practices. Costs per ton of carbon uptake are determined by combining the two results. The viability of agricultural carbon sinks is found to vary by region and crop, with no-till representing a low-cost option in some regions (costs of less than $10/tC), but a high-cost option in others (costs of $100-$400/tC). A particularly important finding is that...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Costs of soil carbon credits; Conventional and zero tillage systems; Carbon accumulation in soil; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q10; Q50.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/36994
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El control de la contaminacion por nitratos en el regadio AgEcon
Martinez, Yolanda Martinez; Karaj, Skender Uku; Murillo, Jose Albiac.
RESUMEN: En este artículo se analizan los efectos de algunas políticas de gestión del agua y de las técnicas de riego sobre el rendimiento de las actividades de cultivo y la contaminación del agua en la zona de regadío de Flumen-Monegros. El análisis se basa en la obtención de la respuesta del rendimiento de los cultivos al agua de riego y al abonado de nitrógeno. Las funciones de rendimiento se estiman mediante el programa de crecimiento de cultivos EPIC que incorpora información de las características locales de clima, suelo, manejo y sistema de riego de las actividades de cultivo. En los resultados se examina la relación entre los rendimientos y el uso del agua y del nitrógeno, y se cuantifica el coste para los agricultores de la reducción de la...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Nitrogen pollution; Water management; Water and nitrogen crop response functions.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q25; Q50.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28762
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Análisis económico de la “bio-carbonización” como práctica de manejo agrícola AgEcon
Ramirez, Juan Andres; Rosales Alvarez, Ramon.
Las altas concentraciones de gases de efecto invernadero, específicamente CO2, han sido señaladas como la principal causa del cambio climático. La adopción de prácticas agrícolas capaces de incrementar el contenido de carbono en el suelo, ha sido propuesta como una estrategia de bajo costo y disponibilidad inmediata para enfrentar este fenómeno. La Bio-carbonización es una de estas prácticas agrícolas, la cual implica la aplicación de carbón vegetal al suelo, de modo que el carbono queda capturado en una forma altamente recalcitrante al tiempo que se mejora la calidad del suelo. Este artículo es el primero en evaluar la viabilidad financiera y considerar algunos de los efectos económicos de la práctica, estimados para una finca tipo en la altillanura...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Agricultura sostenible; Altillanura colombiana; Análisis costobeneficio; Programación lineal; Secuestro de carbono; Servicios ambientales.; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; C6; D60; O30; Q10; Q24; Q50.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60734
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The Economic Valuation of Marine Ecosystems AgEcon
Nunes, Paulo A.L.D.; Ding, Helen; Markandya, Anil.
In a democratic system, policy makers have to take the preferences of the citizens into account. Since we live in a world with scarce resources, one is asked to make choices regarding the use and management of these resources. In this context, if policy makers decide to invest in the protection of marine ecosystems, less financial resources will be available for other policy areas, for example national health. Moreover, the investment in the protection of marine ecosystems brings along with it the provision of a wide range of benefits to humans though most are not priced in the existing markets – for example climate regulation and provision of habitat for biodiversity. Given that most human activities are priced in one way or other, in some decision...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Economic Valuation; Marine Ecosystem; Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Approach; Europe; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q50; Q57.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/54286
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Efectos distributivos de las compensaciones por inactividad concedidas al sector pesquero afectado por la marea negra del Prestige AgEcon
Castro, Daniel Fuentes.
Resumen En el presente trabajo se analizan las ayudas paliativas de primera hora destinadas a compensar la disminución de rentas derivada de la inactividad provocada por la marea negra del Prestige en el sector pesquero y marisquero gallego. En particular se analiza el diseño uniforme de dichas ayudas y sus efectos redistributivos entre los subsectores de actividad afectados. Asimismo se estima el coste total soportado por las administraciones públicas y se muestra cómo una sencilla re-evaluación de las ayudas hubiese permitido ajustar las compensaciones a la realidad económica de cada subsector de actividad afectado, corrigiendo de este modo la notable distorsión en la asignación de los recursos públicos. Keywords: Marea negra; Prestige; Compensaciones;...
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Oil Slick; Prestige; Indemnities; Distributional Effects; Pollution Control Costs; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q52; Q54; Q50.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28769
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