SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Bernard, Jean-Thomas; Gavin, Michael; Khalaf, Lynda; Voia, Marcel.

We consider an empirical estimation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) for carbon dioxide and sulphur, with a focus on confidence set estimation of the tipping point. Various econometric – parametric and nonparametric – methods are considered, reflecting the implications of persistence, endogeneity, the necessity of breaking down our panel regionally, and the small number of countries within each panel. In particular, we propose an inference method that corrects for potential weak-identification of the tipping point. Weak identification may occur if the true EKC is linear while a quadratic income term is nevertheless imposed into the estimated equation. Relevant literature to date confirms that non-linearity of the EKC is indeed not granted, which...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Environmental Kuznets Curve; Fieller method; Delta method; CO2 and SO2 emissions; Confidence set; Tipping point; Climate policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; C52; Q51; Q52; Q56.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119109

Consumer Surplus Estimates and the Source of Regression Error

Beatty, Timothy K.M.; Brozovic, Nicholas; Ward, Michael B..

Contrary to widely held belief, we show that the source of regression error does not matter when calculating Marshallian surplus. A misspecified demand curve, not the assumed source of regression error, leads to differences in estimates of consumer surplus.

Multiplicadores domésticos “SAMEA” en un modelo multisectorial económico y ambiental de España

Palavras-chave: Regression Error; Marshallian Surplus; Welfare Analysis; Consumer/Household Economics; D60; C24; Q51.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19477

Morilla, Carmen R.; Cardenete, Manuel Alejandro; Llanes, Gaspar.

En este trabajo se realiza una aplicación de los denominados sistemas híbridos, donde se integra información de distinta naturaleza (en este caso, económica, social y medioambiental Para ello se elabora una matriz de contabilidad social y medioambiental (SAMEA) de España para el año 2000, aplicada al recurso agua y las emisiones de gases efecto invernadero, estimada a partir de datos oficiales del INE. Este sistema se utiliza como pieza central de un modelo multisectorial del funcionamiento económico y medioambiental y se calculan los “multiplicadores domésticos SAMEA”. Estos multiplicadores muestran los efectos de las diferentes actividades en la producción total de la economía y en el deterioro medioambiental.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Modelos Input-Output; Evaluación de efectos medioambientales; Emisiones contaminantes; Cuentas ambientales; Agricultural and Food Policy; C68; Q51; Q52; Q56..

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57283

Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland

Ma, Shan; Swinton, Scott M.; Lupi, Frank.

Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...

Publication Effects in the Recreation Use Values Literature

Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501

Rosenberger, Randall S.; Stanley, Tom.

This paper provides an overview of an extensive recreation use values database that was developed to investigate the presence of and effects of publication selection bias in this literature. The recreation use values literature has a long history of value transfer applications, which may be affected by publication selection bias. The database consists of 325 studies providing 2,594 estimates of value for over 26 recreation activities for the US and Canada. Preliminary analyses show that document type (journal, agency report, consulting report, dissertation, etc.) result in statistically different mean values. Similarly, motivations or the primary contribution of documents show that documents introducing efficiency in design or estimator provided...

Incorporating Local Water Quality in Welfare Measures of Agri-environmental Policy: A Choice Modelling Approach Employing GIS

Palavras-chave: Nonmarket Valuation; Publication Selection Bias; Recreation Use Values; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q26; Q51; C80.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9883

Tait, Peter R.; Baskaran, Ramesh.

The spatial distribution of agro-environmental policy benefits has important implications for the efficient allocation of management effort. The practical convenience of relying on sample mean values of individual benefits for aggregation can come at the cost of biased aggregate estimates. The main objective of this paper is to test spatial hypotheses regarding respondents’ local water quality and quantity, and their willingness-to-pay for improvements in water quality attributes. This paper combines choice experiment and spatially related water quality data via a Geographical Information System (GIS) to develop a method that evaluates the influence of respondents’ local water quality on willingness-to-pay for river and stream conservation programs in...

Context and the VSL: Evidence from a Stated Preference Study in Italy and the Czech Republic

Palavras-chave: Water Quality; Choice Experiment; Geographical Information System; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q51; Q25; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116074

Alberini, Anna; Scasny, Milan.

We report on the results of a survey based on conjoint choice experiments that was specifically designed to investigate the effect of context on the Value of a Statistical Life (VSL), an important input into the calculation of the mortality benefits of environmental policies that reduce premature mortality. We define “context” broadly to include i) the cause of death (respiratory illness, cancer, road traffic accident), ii) the beneficiary of the risk reduction (adult v. child), and iii) the mode of provision of the risk reduction (public program v. private good). The survey was conducted following similar protocols in Italy and the Czech Republic. When do not distinguish for the cause of death, child and adult VSL are not significantly different from one...

Differential Influence of Relative Poverty on Preferences for Ecosystem Services: Evidence from Rural Indonesia

Palavras-chave: VSL; Conjoint Choice Experiments; Mortality Risk Reductions; Cost-benefit Analysis; Forced Choice Questions; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; I18; J17; K32; Q51.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90952

Glenk, Klaus; Barkmann, Jan; Schwarze, Stefan; Zeller, Manfred; Marggraf, Rainer.

Ecosystem services generate benefits that enter human consumption either directly or indirectly via their contribution to human production activities. In this contribution, we provide evidence that (i) the demand of peasants for ecosystem services in rural Indonesia depends on relative poverty; and that (ii) the type of reaction to poverty depends on the specific relation of the ecosystem services to peasant production and consumption. In early 2005 a representative choice experiment study was conducted in the Lore Lindu area in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, to quantify regional economic preferences (marginal willingessto- pay: MWTP) for four different ecosystem services (n=249; rattan and water availability, shading in cacao agroforestry, population size...

Hedonic Valuation of Ecosystem Services Using Agricultural Land Prices

Palavras-chave: Relative poverty; Choice experiment; Ecosystem services; Environmental valuation; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q21; Q51; Q56; Q57.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25681

Temporal Stability of Recreation Choices

Ma, Shan.

Agriculture, an ecosystem transformed by humans for the purpose of supplying food, fiber and biofuel, can provide people a host of benefits, or ecosystem services (ES). While markets exist for farm products, many of today’s central agro-environmental policy concerns are related to ES that lack complete markets, such as regulating ES and recreational, aesthetic and cultural ES. Valuation of non-marketed ES linked to agriculture is needed to improve their utilization and efficient provision. Some ES that facilitate agricultural production or provide natural amenities can be perceived by people through various natural resources and landscapes on farmlands and surrounding areas. One indirect way to measure the value of ES is via what people pay for the lands...

Tipo: Thesis or Dissertation

Palavras-chave: Agricultural land; Hedonic; Ecosystem services; Sales price; Appraisal value; GIS.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q24; Q51; Q57..

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59321

Parsons, George R.; Stefanova, Stela.

We evaluate the stability of coefficient and willingness to pay (WTP) estimates for recreation services over two time periods. To address this question, we estimate a Random Utility Maximization (RUM) model of recreation demand, using two datasets from different time periods, but concerning the same study area. We then compare the estimation results and evaluate the temporal stability of preferences that drive recreation choices. The two datasets are on trips made by Delaware residents to beaches in the Mid-Atlantic region: Delaware, New Jersey, Maryland and Northern Virginia. The first dataset was collected using a mail survey in 1997 and the second dataset was gathered through an Internet survey in 2005. Besides the time periods, and the survey methods,...

Fuzzy Logic and Preference Uncertainty in Non-market Valuation

Palavras-chave: Recreation demand; Nonmarket valuation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; Q26.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49296

Sun, Lili; van Kooten, G. Cornelis.

In seeking to value environmental amenities and public goods, individuals often have trouble trading off the (vague) amenity or good against a monetary measure. Valuation in these circumstances can best be described as fuzzy in terms of the amenity valued, perceptions of property rights, and the numbers chosen to reflect values. In this paper, we apply fuzzy logic to contingent valuation, employing a fuzzy clustering approach for incorporating preference uncertainty obtained from a follow-up certainty confidence question. We develop a Fuzzy Random Utility Maximization (FRUM) framework where the perceived utility of each individual is fuzzy in the sense that an individual’s utility belongs to each cluster to some degree. The model is then applied to a...

Land Use Change and Ecosystem Valuation in North Georgia

Palavras-chave: Random utility maximization and fuzzy logic; Contingent valuation and preference uncertainty; C-means clustering; Forest conservation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q51; C35.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37021

Ngugi, Daniel; Mullen, Jeffrey D.; Bergstrom, John C..

This study seeks to forecast land use change in a North Georgia ecosystem, and estimate the economic value of the ecosystem using benefit transfer techniques. We forecast land use change based on a structural time series model and a simple growth rate model. The study suggests a lower bound willingness to pay value of about USD 16,000 per year to ensure compliance with fishing and drinking water quality standards with regard to fecal coliform bacteria and dissolved oxygen. Conservation efforts are likely to cost less than the cost of defensive behavior or ecosystem restoration.

Valoración económica de los beneficios ambientales de no mercado derivados de la mejora de la calidad del agua: una estimación en aplicación de la Directiva Marco del Agua al Guadalquivir

Palavras-chave: Ecosystem; Economic value; North Georgia; Land use; Water quality; Structural time series; Benefit transfer; Forecasting.; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Q51; Q53; Q57.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46853

Martin-Ortega, Julia; Berbel, Julio; Brouwer, Roy.

Esta investigación responde a la necesidad de información económica relativa a los beneficios derivados de la implementación de la Directiva Marco del Agua (DMA). Se plantea una definición práctica del concepto de beneficio ambiental y un escenario de valoración de los beneficios de la mejora de la calidad del agua que no tienen reflejo en el mercado. Esta valoración es necesaria, entre otros aspectos, para la evaluación de la desproporcionalidad de los costes de la DMA. La metodología se aplica a un caso práctico en el Guadalquivir en un ejercicio de valoración contingente y análisis estadístico mediante un modelo Heckman en dos etapas.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beneficios ambientales; Costes desproporcionados; Directiva Marco del Agua; Modelo Heckman; Valoración contingente; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q25; Q51.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/57281

Are Consumers Willing to Pay for Organic When the Food is Already Local?

Connolly, Cristina; Klaiber, H. Allen.

The emergence of community supported agriculture (CSA) farms has provided a new way for small farms to remain competitive while engaging their local community through direct marketing. In this study, we report on some of the first revealed preference valuation of CSA attributes, including the willingness to pay for competing organic certification programs. Using data on the prices and attributes of 188 CSA farms spanning Ohio and Pennsylvania we estimate willingness to pay measures from both hedonic and nearest-neighbor matching methods. Results from a semi-log hedonic reveal a willingness to pay of approximately 9% for organic branding compared to natural, which translates into an additional $48 per summer season share. We also find a statistically...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Organic; Local; Matching; Hedonic; Community supported agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Q13; Q51.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124364

Will Buying Tropical Forest Carbon Benefit The Poor? Evidence from Costa Rica

Kerr, Suzi; Lipper, Leslie; Pfaff, Alexander S.P.; Cavatassi, Romina; Davis, Benjamin; Hendy, Joanna; Sanchez, Arturo.

We review claims about the potential for carbon markets that link both payments for carbon services and poverty levels to ongoing rates of tropical deforestation. We then examine these effects empirically for Costa Rica during the 20th century using an econometric approach that addresses the irreversibilities in deforestation. We find significant effects of the relative returns to forest on deforestation rates. Thus, carbon payments would induce conservation and also carbon sequestration, and if land users were poor could conserve forest while addressing rural poverty. However, we find poorer areas are less responsive to returns. This and transaction costs could lead carbon payments policies not to be focused upon the poor. Other practical considerations...

An Application of Mixed Logit Estimation in the Analysis of Producers’ Stated Preferences

Palavras-chave: Land Use; Deforestation; Poverty; Climate Change; Development; Costa Rica.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; I32; O13; Q51; Q54; Q56; Q31.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23807

Kipperberg, Gorm; Bond, Craig A.; Hoag, Dana L..

This paper analyzes Colorado Corn producers’ preferences over both private- and environmental public-good production system attributes. Current production practices are characterized by intensive water and chemical use, resulting in non-point source pollution to water bodies as well as soil erosion problems. Data from a stated preference survey are employed to analyze key attributes of experimentally configured irrigation systems, proposed as alternatives to current practices. Panel mixed logit estimations find positive preferences for profit, risk reduction, and, importantly, systems with less environmental impact in terms of nitrate leaching and soil erosion. The results also find presence of significant preference heterogeneity and a complementary...

Identification of stochastic processes for an estimated icewine temperature hedging variable

Palavras-chave: Agricultural production; Profit-maximization; Environment; Mixed logit; Stated preference; Attribute part-worth; Nitrate leaching; Soil erosion; Risk; Crop Production/Industries; C10; D62; Q12; Q15; Q51.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108719

Cyr, Don; Kusy, Martin.

Weather derivatives are a relatively new form of financial security that can provide firms with the ability to hedge against the impact of weather related risks to their activities. Participants in the energy industry have employed standardized weather contracts trading on organized exchanges since 1999 and the interest in non-standardized contracts for specialized weather related risks is growing at an increasing rate. The purpose of this paper is to examine the potential use of weather derivatives to hedge against temperature related risks in Canadian ice wine production. Specifically we examine historical data for the Niagara region of the province of Ontario, Canada, the largest icewine producing region of the world, to determine an appropriate...

An Information-Theoretic Approach to Modeling Binary Choices: Estimating Willingness to Pay for Recreation Site Attributes

Palavras-chave: Wine market; Weather derivatives; Weather hedging; Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; G13; G32; Q14; Q51; Q54.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37298

Henry-Osorio, Miguel; Mittelhammer, Ronald C..

Information-Theoretic Econometrics

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Minimum power divergence; Cressie-Read statistics; Contingent valuation; Empirical likelihood; Discrete choice; Binary response models; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; C13; C14; C25; Q51.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123432

Uncertainty in Individuals' Preferences for Non-commodity Outputs Provided by Rural Development Programs (RDPs): A Contingent Valuation Approach

Dominguez-Torreiro, Marcos; Solino, Mario.

Rural development programs (RDPs) are currently envisaged as a means to foster the provision of a broad range of non-commodity outputs emanating from multifunctional rural environments. This paper presents a Contingent Valuation survey that analyses individuals’ perceptions of and willingness to pay (WTP) for the implementation of a RDP in Cantabria, Spain. Uncertainty in individuals’ preferences is explicitly acknowledged and introduced into our analytical framework. For that purpose, a comparison is made between the open-ended (OE) and the multiple bounded uncertainty (MBU) elicitation formats. According to our behavioural model estimates, the expectation of a positive welfare change for both rural and urban dwellers constitutes a sound argument in...

Evaluacion de impactos ambientales derivados de estrategias de restauracion a traves de las decisiones de jurados de ciudadanos

Palavras-chave: Rural development policy; Non-commodity outputs; Contingent valuation; Elicitation formats; Uncertainty; Agricultural and Food Policy; Q0; Q18; Q51; R0.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114437