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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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| Michaelowa, Axel. |
| German wind power development is a technological success story but has involved very high subsidies. Germany was a latecomer in wind power but specific political conditions in the late 1980s and early 1990s allowed the implementation of the feed in tariff regime which has characterised Germany ever since. The wind lobby managed to constitute itself at an early stage and to develop stable alliances with farmers and regional policymakers. The concentration of the wind industry in structurally weak regions reinforced these links. With an increased visibility of the subsidies and saturation of onshore sites in the early 2000s, the lobby has been less successful in retaining support. The current attempt to develop offshore projects may suffer from less... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Wind power; Interest groups; Technological change; Political Economy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q420; Q580; Q520. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26349 |
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| Stavins, Robert N.. |
| The problem of the commons is more important to our lives and thus more central to economics than a century ago when Katharine Coman led off the first issue of the American Economic Review. As the U.S. and other economies have grown, the carrying-capacity of the planet - in regard to natural resources and environmental quality — has become a greater concern, particularly for common-property and open-access resources. The focus of this article is on some important, unsettled problems of the commons. Within the realm of natural resources, there are special challenges associated with renewable resources, which are frequently characterized by open access. An important example is the degradation of open-access fisheries. Critical commons problems are also... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Common-Property Resource; Open-Access Resource; Fisheries; Global Climate Change; Land Economics/Use; Q220; Q280; Q500; Q540; Q580. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/98048 |
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| Pezzey, John C.V.; Jotzo, Frank. |
| We give empirical welfare results for global greenhouse gas emission control, using the first multiparty model to combine tax-versus-trading under uncertainties with revenue recycling. Including multiple parties greatly reduces the welfare advantage of an emissions tax over emissions (permit) trading in handling abatement-cost uncertainties, from that shown by existing, single-party literature. But a tax has a different, much bigger advantage, from better handling uncertainties in business-as-usual emissions. Either mechanism's free emissions share, from tax thresholds or free permits, which lowers its possible welfare gain from revenue recycling, may however dominate any tax-versus-trading advantage. Moreover, political and practical constraints, such as... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Emission pricing; Tax vs. trading; Uncertainties; Revenue recycling; Political economy; Environmental Economics and Policy; D810; H230; Q580. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95049 |
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| Gulati, Sumeet; Vercammen, James. |
| In this paper we present the economic determinants of the optimal length of a carbon offset contract. We find that because of a declining capacity of the soil to sequester carbon, the optimal length of the carbon contract is finite (the marginal benefit of remaining in the contract is declining over time, whereas marginal opportunity cost is rising). We also explore the effect of varying key parameter values on the optimal length in the contract. If the contract requires the farmer to sequester at a higher rate, the farmer chooses the contract for a shorter length of time, and this may decrease rather than increase social welfare. If society places a higher value on carbon accumulation, the contract is chosen for a longer length of time. Finally, if both... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Carbon offset contracts; Greenhouse gas policy; Soil carbon; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Q200; Q580. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37027 |
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| Stavins, Robert N.. |
| There is growing impetus for a domestic U.S. climate policy that can provide meaningful reductions in emissions of CO2 and other greenhouse gases. I describe and analyze an up- stream, economy-wide CO2 cap-and-trade system which implements a gradual trajectory of emissions reductions (with inclusion over time of non-CO2 greenhouse gases), and includes mechanisms to reduce cost uncertainty. Initially, half of the allowances are allocated through auction and half through free distribution, with the share being auctioned gradually increasing to 100 percent over 25 years. The system provides for linkage with emission reduction credit projects in other countries, harmonization over time with effective cap-and-trade systems in other countries and regions, and... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Carbon Dioxide; Greenhouse Gas Emissions; Global Climate Change; Carbon Taxes; Q540; Q280; Q380; Q480; Q580. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42920 |
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| Aldy, Joseph E.; Stavins, Robert N.. |
| Emissions of greenhouse gases linked with global climate change are affected by diverse aspects of economic activity, including individual consumption, business investment, and government spending. An effective climate policy will have to modify the decision calculus for these activities in the direction of more efficient generation and use of energy, lower carbon-intensity of energy, and – more broadly – a more carbon-lean economy. The only approach to doing this on a meaningful scale that would be technically feasible and cost-effective is carbon pricing, that is, market-based climate policies that place a shadow-price on carbon dioxide emissions. We examine alternative designs of three such instruments – carbon taxes, cap-and-trade, and clean energy... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Global Climate Change; Market-Based Instruments; Carbon Pricing; Carbon Taxes; Cap-And-Trade; Clean Energy Standards; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q540; Q580; Q400; Q480. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/119095 |
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| Chan, Gabriel; Stavins, Robert N.; Stowe, Robert; Sweeney, Richard. |
| The introduction of the U.S. SO2 allowance-trading program to address the threat of acid rain as part of the Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 is a landmark event in the history of environmental regulation. The program was a great success by almost all measures. This paper, which draws upon a research workshop and a policy roundtable held at Harvard in May 2011, investigates critically the design, enactment, implementation, performance, and implications of this path-breaking application of economic thinking to environmental regulation. Ironically, cap and trade seems especially well suited to addressing the problem of climate change, in that emitted greenhouse gases are evenly distributed throughout the world’s atmosphere. Recent hostility toward cap and... |
| Tipo: Working Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade; Market-Based Environmental Policy; Acid Rain; Sulfur Dioxide; Clean Air Act Amendments; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q520; Q550; Q580. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121722 |
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| Hahn, Robert W.; Stavins, Robert N.. |
| We examine an implication of the “Coase Theorem” which has had an important impact both on environmental economics and on public policy in the environmental domain. Under certain conditions, the market equilibrium in a cap-and-trade system will be cost-effective and independent of the initial allocation of tradable rights. That is, the overall cost of achieving a given aggregate emission reduction will be minimized, and the final allocation of permits will be independent of the initial allocation. We call this the independence property. This property is very important because it allows equity and efficiency concerns to be separated in a relatively straightforward manner. In particular, the property means that the government can establish the overall... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Cap-and-Trade System; Tradable Permits; Coase Theorem; Allowance Allocation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q580; H110; L510. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92707 |
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| Registros recuperados: 11 | |
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