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Measuring Market Power in the Ready-To-Eat Cereal Industry AgEcon
Nevo, Aviv.
The ready-to-eat cereal industry is characterized by high concentration, high price-cost margins, large advertising to sales ratios, and numerous introductions of new products. Previous researchers have concluded that the ready-to-eat cereal industry is a classic example of an industry with nearly collusive pricing behavior and intense non-price competition. This paper empirically examines this conclusion. In particular, I estimate price-cost margins, but more importantly I am able empirically to separate these margins into three parts: (1) that which is due to product differentiation; (2) that which is due to multi-product firm pricing; and (3) that due to potential price collusion. The results suggest that given the demand for different brands of cereal,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Discrete choice models; Random coefficients; Product differentiation; Ready-to-eat cereal industry; Market power; Price competition; Agribusiness; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25164
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Health Claims Regulation and Welfare AgEcon
Huang, Rui; Bonanno, Alessandro.
Regulation (EC) No 1924/2006, 20 December 2006, requires functional foods manufacturers operating in Europe to provide evidence that the health claims reported on the packaging are truthful. However, most applications reviewed by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) have been rejected, leaving food manufacturers with the option of either selling products deprived of their claims or discontinuing their production. This paper analyzes changes in welfare (both producers’ and consumers’) that would occur if the implementation of Reg. (EC) No 1924/2006 resulted in a large-scale health-claim de-labeling of functional food products. To that end, we use one year (2007) of monthly scanner data of sales of conventional and functional yogurt in the Italian...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Health claims regulation; EFSA; Welfare; Random coefficients; MPEC.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Industrial Organization; Marketing; Q18; L66; M38.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103809
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Estimating variance components in Stata AgEcon
Marchenko, Yulia V..
This article gives a brief overview of the popular methods for estimating variance components in linear models and describes several ways to obtain such estimates in Stata for various experimental designs. The article’s emphasis is on using xtmixed to estimate variance components. Prior to Stata 9, loneway could be used to estimate variance components for one-way random-effects models. For other experimental designs, variance components could be computed manually using saved results after anova. The latter approach is viable but requires tedious computations for complicated experimental designs. Instead, as of Stata 9, variance components are easily obtained by using xtmixed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Variance components; Experimental design; ANOVA; REML; ML; Multilevel; Random coefficients; Mixed models; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117553
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PESTICIDE PRODUCTIVITY: WHAT ARE THE TRENDS? AgEcon
Teague, Mark L.; Brorsen, B. Wade.
Obtaining estimates of pesticides productivity is an economic response to the growing public concern about the steady increase of pesticide use in the United States. This type of research indicates the cost of limiting pesticide use in terms of foregone output. Pervious empirical studies give a "snap-shot", or "average", look at pesticide productivity. This research effort employs a random coefficient model to determine the trend of the marginal value product of pesticides in agriculture in the United States. Results show a distinct downward trend in two states, Iowa and Texas. California, however, shows no evidence of a downward trend.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Pesticide productivity; Marginal value product; Random coefficients; Crop Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis.
Ano: 1995 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/15355
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