Sabiia Seb
PortuguêsEspañolEnglish
Embrapa
        Busca avançada

Botão Atualizar


Botão Atualizar

Ordenar por: 

RelevânciaAutorTítuloAnoImprime registros no formato resumido
Registros recuperados: 58
Primeira ... 123 ... Última
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Organogênese direta de mesocótilos de arroz (Oryza sativa L.) - doi: 10.4025/actasciagron.v32i3.3443 Agronomy
Rey, Maristela dos Santos; Programa de Pós Graduação em Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Pinho, Daiane Schimit de; Porgrama de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas; Vieira, Anieb Prestes; Iniversidade Federal de Pelotas; Braga, Eugenia Jacira Bolacel; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia Vegetal; Pierobom, Carlos Roberto; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fitossanidade; Peters, José Antônio; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Fisiologia Vegetal, Universidade Federal de Pelotas.
O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar o efeito do Thidiazuron (TDZ) na regeneração in vitro de mesocótilos de duas cultivares de arroz. Para tal finalidade, os explantes foram inoculados em meios MS contendo diferentes concentrações de TDZ. Os resultados indicam que ocorreu um efeito significativo da concentração do regulador de crescimento em relação à taxa de regeneração e comprimento de brotações. Para a variável comprimento das brotações houve, também, uma interação entre os fatores cultivar e concentração do regulador de crescimento. Para os brotos de primeira passagem observaram-se diferenças significativas na taxa de regeneração das cultivares, bem como entre as doses e interação entre doses e cultivares. Todas as concentrações de TDZ utilizadas...
Palavras-chave: 5.01.00.00-9 cultivo in vitro; Regeneração; Regulador de crescimento 5.01.00.00-9 in vitro culture; Regeneration; Growth regulator.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAgron/article/view/3443
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Estrutura populacional de Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Clusiaceae) no Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Estado do Sergipe - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v32i2.5127 Biological Sciences
Dantas, Túlio Vinicius Paes; Universidade Federal de Sergipe; Ribeiro, Adauto Souza; Universidade Federal de Sergipe.
Estudos de estrutura de tamanho e de estágios ontogênicos são importantes para se compreender quais fatores influenciam os processos populacionais, a regeneração e a resposta a perturbações de uma população. Este estudo analisou a estrutura de uma população de Kielmeyera rugosa Choisy (Clusiaceae) no hábitat de Areias Brancas do Parque Nacional Serra de Itabaiana, Estado de Sergipe. Amostraram-se aleatoriamente 30 parcelas de 20 x 25 m, nas quais se determinou a abundância de indivíduos jovens e adultos, a circunferência do tronco, a altura da copa e o número de caules por planta. A distribuição espacial de jovens e adultos na população é agregada, causada por sua predisposição em formar grupos em locais onde há maior disponibilidade de recursos e...
Tipo: Estrutura populacional Palavras-chave: 2.05.00.00-9 areias brancas; Distribuição espacial; Moitas; Regeneração Ecologia white sands; Spatial distribution; Bushes; Regeneration.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/5127
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Regeneration of Abies religiosa in canopy gaps versus understory, Cofre de Perote National Park, México Agrociencia
Lara-González,Rogelio; Sánchez-Velásquez,Lázaro R.; Corral-Aguirre,Juan.
Some studies have shown that fir (Abies spp.) regeneration can occur either in canopy gaps or in understory. The purpose of this study was to know how canopy gaps contribute to fir regeneration. Points were randomly chosen in three fir forests, and starting from there the nearest gap was recorded. Likewise, other random samples were placed in understory with the same diameter as that of the gap registered before. Gap age, gap size, and tree seedling for each sample were recorded. The average gap age was 7.61 ±1.86 yr. The average gap size was 66±42.8 m². The most common gaps were of intermediate size (44-88 m²). Only seedlings of A. religiosa (H.B.K.) Schlecht. & Cham and Pinus montezumae Lamb, were observed either in gaps or in understory. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Abies religiosa; Canopy gap; Disturbances; Fir forest; México; Regeneration.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.org.mx/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1405-31952009000700008
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
The lizard cerebral cortex as a model to study neuronal regeneration Anais da ABC (AABC)
LOPEZ-GARCIA,CARLOS; MOLOWNY,ASUNCION; NACHER,JUAN; PONSODA,XAVIER; SANCHO-BIELSA,FRANCISCO; ALONSO-LLOSA,GREGORI.
The medial cerebral cortex of lizards, an area homologous to the hippocampal fascia dentata, shows delayed postnatal neurogenesis, i.e., cells in the medial cortex ependyma proliferate and give rise to immature neurons, which migrate to the cell layer. There, recruited neurons differentiate and give rise to zinc containing axons directed to the rest of cortical areas, thus resulting in a continuous growth of the medial cortex and its zinc-enriched axonal projection. This happens along the lizard life span, even in adult lizards, thus allowing one of their most important characteristics: neuronal regeneration. Experiments in our laboratory have shown that chemical lesion of the medial cortex (affecting up to 95% of its neurons) results in a cascade of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Medial cortex; Hippocampus; Postnatal neurogenesis; Neural stem cells; Zinc; Regeneration.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652002000100006
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Isolation of stem cells from adult rat kidneys Biocell
Gheisari,Yousof; Soleimani,Masoud; Zeinali,Sirous; Arefian,Ehsan; Atashi,Amir; Nikougoftar Zarif,Mahin.
The kidney has an inherent ability for recovery and regeneration following acute damage. However, there has been much contention as to the source of regenerating renal cells. The aim of this study was to isolate and characterize these cells. Normal rat kidneys were minced and cells were isolated with collagenase I and were cultured in an expansion medium. Adherent cells were isolated and expanded for more than 120 days in vitro. These cells had the potential of translineage differentiation into neural cells, adipocytes and osteocytes. These cells also expressed Nucleostemin, Cyclin D1, Notch1 and Survivin which are commonly expressed in stem cells. The results of the current work show that the adult kidney contains a population of multipotent stem cells.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Kidney failure; Regeneration; Cell differentiation; Renal replacement therapy.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452009000100004
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
The autonomous axon: a model based on local synthesis of proteins Biol. Res.
ALVAREZ,JAIME.
In the current understanding of axons, axoplasmic synthesis of proteins is negated, and it is asserted that proteins are transported from perikarya to axons. This 'transport model' in which axons are fully dependent of perikarya is seriously flawed. The 'autonomous axon' proposed here negates in turn transport of proteins, and asserts (i) local synthesis of axoplasmic proteins, corner stone of this model, (ii) existence of internal programs in axon and terminals, (iii) external control of programs resulting in local regulation of phenotype of axons and terminals, hence they are autonomous from perikarya; (iv) participation of perikarya through the fast transport in setting up the axonal programs but not in their immediate regulation. The word merotrophism...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Plasticity; Regeneration; Schwann cell; Slow transport; Sprouting; Trophism; Wld s.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602001000200014
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
New Insights into the Roles of Megalin/LRP2 and the Regulation of its Functional Expression Biol. Res.
Marzolo,María-Paz; Farfán,Pamela.
Since the discovery of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and its association with familial hypercholesterolemia in the early 1980s, a family of structurally related proteins has been discovered that has apolipoprotein E as a common ligand, and the broad functions of its members have been described. LRP2, or megalin, is a member of the LDLR family and was initially called gp330. Megalin is an endocytic receptor expressed on the apical surface of several epithelial cells that internalizes a variety of ligands including nutrients, hormones and their carrier proteins, signaling molecules, morphogens, and extracellular matrix proteins. Once internalized, these ligands are directed to the lysosomal degradation pathway or transported by transcytosis...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Alzheimer's Disease; Cubilin; Diabetic nephropathy; FXR; Gallstone disease; GSK3; Lowe syndrome; Megalin; PPAR; RAP; Regeneration.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602011000100012
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Posttranslational protein S-palmitoylation and the compartmentalization of signaling molecules in neurons Biol. Res.
PATTERSON,SEAN I.
Protein domains play a fundamental role in the spatial and temporal organization of intracellular signaling systems. While protein phosphorylation has long been known to modify the interactions that underlie this organization, the dynamic cycling of lipids should now be included amongst the posttranslational processes determining specificity in signal transduction. The characteristics of this process are reminiscent of the properties of protein and lipid phosphorylation in determining compartmentalization through SH2 or PH domains. Recent studies have confirmed the functional importance of protein S-palmitoylation in the compartmentalization of signaling molecules that support normal physiological function in cell division and apoptosis, and synaptic...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: S-palmitoylation; Synapse; Growth cone; Regeneration; Phosphorylation.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602002000200005
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
A model for the importance of large arborescent palms in the dynamics of seasonally-dry amazonian forests Biota Neotropica
Salm,Rodolfo; Jalles-Filho,Euphly; Schuck-Paim,Cynthia.
In this study we propose a model that represents the importance of large arborescent palms in the dynamics of seasonally-dry Amazonian forests. Specifically, the model is aimed at guiding the investigation of the role of large arborescent palms on forest regeneration and succession. Following disturbance, the high level of luminosity reaching recently formed forest gaps favors the quick proliferation of shade-intolerant lianas that, by casting shade on the crowns of mature forest trees and increasing tree-fall probability, suppress forest succession. Due to their columnar architecture palm trees are, however, not severely affected by vines. As the palms grow, the canopy at the gaps becomes gradually higher and denser, progressively obstructing the passage...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amazon; Attalea maripa; Forest dynamics; Palm trees; Regeneration.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032005000300011
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Efecto de la temperatura en la regeneración de especies leñosas del Chaco Serrano e implicancias en la distribución actual y potencial de bosques Boletín de la Sociedad
Pais Bosch,Ana I; Tecco,Paula A; Funes,Guillermo; Cabido,Marcelo.
La temperatura influye sobre los límites de distribución de las especies leñosas, actuando sobre los procesos asociados con la fase regenerativa de las plantas. Nos propusimos analizar su influencia en la distribución altitudinal del bosque chaqueño serrano y su potencial coexistencia con bosquecillos de altura en las Sierras Grandes de Córdoba. Se evaluó la regeneración a campo de dos especies del bosque serrano (Ruprechtia apetala y Lithraea molleoides) y la dominante en los bosquecillos de altura (Polylepis australis) abarcando el gradiente altitudinal completo de estas sierras (900-2700 m s.n.m.). En el laboratorio se evaluó la germinación bajo cuatro termo-períodos representativos de las condiciones del gradiente altitudinal. Polylepis australis...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Regeneración; Temperatura; Gradiente altitudinal; Chaco Serrano; Límite superior de bosques; Regeneration; Temperature; Altudinal gradient; Montane Chaco Woodland; Upper limits of forests.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1851-23722012000200010
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Abiotic factors influencing tropical dry forests regeneration BABT
Ceccon,Eliane; Huante,Pilar; Rincón,Emanuel.
Tropical dry forests represent nearly half the tropical forests in the world and are the ecosystems registering the greatest deterioration from the anthropogenic exploitation of the land. This paper presents a review on the dynamics of tropical dry forests regeneration and the main abiotic factors influencing this regeneration, such as seasonal nature, soil fertility and humidity, and natural and anthropic disturbances. The main purpose is to clearly understand an important part of TDF succession dynamics.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Tropical dry forests; Regeneration; Disturbances; Seasonal variability; Fertility; Moisture.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132006000300016
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Production and regeneration of protoplasts from orchid Mycorrhizal Fungi Epulorhiza repens and Ceratorhiza sp. BABT
Coelho,Irene da Silva; Queiroz,Marisa Vieira de; Costa,Maurício Dutra; Kasuya,Maria Catarina Megumi; Araújo,Elza Fernandes de.
The aim of this work was to study the standardization of conditions to obtain and regenerate Epulorhiza repens and Ceratorhiza sp. protoplasts. For E. repens, the largest number of protoplasts (8.0 × 10(6) protoplasts/mL) was obtained in 0.6 M KCl, using 15 mg/mL of Lysing Enzymes, and 2-day-old fungal mycelium. When 0.5 M sucrose was used as osmotic stabilizer, the highest frequency of regeneration was achieved (8.5 %); 80.0 % of protoplasts were nucleated, and 20.0 % anucleated. For Ceratorhiza sp., the largest number of protoplasts (4.0 × 10(7) protoplasts/mL) was achieved in 0.6 M NaCl, when 15 mg/mL of Lysing Enzymes and 15mg/mL of Glucanex, with 2-day-old fungal mycelium were used. The highest frequency of regeneration was 6.7 % using 0.5 M sucrose...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Ceratorhiza; Epulorhiza; Molecular biology; Protoplast; Regeneration.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132010000100019
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Recurrent Somatic Embryogenesis and Plantlet Regeneration in Psidium guajava L. BABT
Bajpai,Anju; Kalim,Shahina; Chandra,Ramesh; Kamle,Madhu.
A simple and efficient protocol for recurrent somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration is one of the prerequisites for genetic improvement of guava. An efficient reproducible regeneration somatic embryogenesis protocol was developed in four genotypes of Psidium guajava L. using immature zygotic embryo as starter explant. Somatic embryogenesis induction was obtained on MS basal medium supplemented with 2.0 mgL-1 2, 4-D, 400 mgL-1 L-glutamine, 6% sucrose and 500 mgL-1 Malt extract. Following SE induction different developmental stages of somatic embryos (Globular, heart-shaped, torpedo, cotyledonary) was directly obtained and further recurrent embryogenesis also obtained upon prolonged incubation in induction media. Addition of polyethylene glycol (50...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Somatic embryogenesis; Zygotic embryo; Recurrent; Maturation; Acclimatization; Induction; Regeneration.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132016000100412
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Peroxidase from peach fruit: thermal Stability BABT
Neves,Valdir Augusto; Lourenço,E. J..
Peroxidase from peach fruit was purified 28.9-fold by DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-100 and hydroxylapatite chromatography. The purified enzyme showed only one peak of activity with an optimum pH of 5.0 and temperature of 40ºC. The calculated activation energy (Ea) for the reaction was 7.97 kcal/mol. The enzyme was heat-labile in the temperature range of 60 to 80ºC with a fast inactivation at 80ºC. PAGE of the inactivation course at 70ºC showed only one band of activity. Different sugars increased the heat stability of the activity in the following order: sucrose>lactose>glucose>fructose. Measurement of residual activity showed a stabilizing effect of sucrose at various temperature/sugar concentrations (10 to 40%, w/w) with the Ea for inactivation...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Peach peroxidase; Purification; Heat stability; Regeneration.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89131998000200002
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Natural regeneration in a quaternary coastal plain in southern Brazilian Atlantic Rain forest BABT
Salimon,Cleber Ibraim; Negrelle,Raquel R. B..
Composition, structure and dynamics of an eight year old secondary forest was studied at Reserva Volta Velha (26°04'S; 48°38'W), southern Brazil. A 0.72ha plot was divided into 36 subplots of 20X10m, where all trees/shrubs greater than 1m tall were identified, measured (height/diameter) and evaluated (successional status). The results were: (1) 95 species collected within 68 genera and 44 families; the most species rich families were Myrtaceae and Asteraceae with 8 species each; (2) the most important species (considering biomass and density) were Psidium cattleianum, Eupatorium casarettoi, Ocotea pulchella and Ternstroemia brasiliensis; (3) the most similar area was a fallow abandoned 35 years ago; (4) the higher species diversity were found in border...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Atlantic Rain Forest; Floristics; Structure; Regeneration; Dynamics.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132001000200008
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Cyclosporin A preferentially attenuates skeletal slow-twitch muscle regeneration BJMBR
Miyabara,E.H.; Aoki,M.S.; Moriscot,A.S..
Calcineurin, a Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent phosphatase, is associated with muscle regeneration via NFATc1/GATA2-dependent pathways. However, it is not clear whether calcineurin preferentially affects the regeneration of slow- or fast-twitch muscles. We investigated the effect of a calcineurin inhibitor, cyclosporin A (CsA), on the morphology and fiber diameter of regenerating slow- and fast-twitch muscles. Adult Wistar rats (259.5 ± 9 g) maintained under standard conditions were treated with CsA (20 mg/kg body weight, ip) for 5 days, submitted to cryolesion of soleus and tibialis anterior (TA) muscles on the 6th day, and then treated with CsA for an additional 21 days. The muscles were removed, weighed, frozen, and stored in liquid nitrogen. Cryolesion did...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Calcineurin; Cyclosporin A; Regeneration; Fast and slow twitch muscles.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000400009
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Effects of strain and age on ear wound healing and regeneration in mice BJMBR
Costa,R.A.; Ruiz-de-Souza,V.; Azevedo Jr.,G.M.; Vaz,N.M.; Carvalho,C.R..
Round holes in the ears of MRL mice tend to close with characteristics of regeneration believed to be absent in other mouse strains (e.g., C57BL/6). We evaluated the kinetics and the histopathology of ear wound closure in young (8 weeks old) C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice. We also used middle-aged (40 weeks old) C57BL/6 mice to evaluate the influence of aging on this process. A circular through-and-through hole was made in the ear, photographs were taken at different times after injury and wound area was measured with digital analysis software. The percentages of closed area measured on day 100 were: 23.57 ± 8.66% for young BALB/c mice, 56.47 ± 7.39% for young C57BL/6 mice, and 75.31 ± 23.65% for middle-aged C57BL/6 mice. Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 3, 5, 25,...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Wound healing; Regeneration; Scar; Aging; C57BL/6 mice; BALB/c mice.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2009001200004
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Schwann cells for spinal cord repair BJMBR
Oudega,M.; Moon,L.D.F.; de Almeida Leme,R.J..
The complex nature of spinal cord injury appears to demand a multifactorial repair strategy. One of the components that will likely be included is an implant that will fill the area of lost nervous tissue and provide a growth substrate for injured axons. Here we will discuss the role of Schwann cells (SCs) in cell-based, surgical repair strategies of the injured adult spinal cord. We will review key studies that showed that intraspinal SC grafts limit injury-induced tissue loss and promote axonal regeneration and myelination, and that this response can be improved by adding neurotrophic factors or anti-inflammatory agents. These results will be compared with several other approaches to the repair of the spinal cord. A general concern with repair strategies...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Spinal cord injury; Implantation; Regeneration; Neurotrophic factors; Clinical trial; Rehabilitation; Gene profiling.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2005000600003
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Steps in the formation of neurites and synapses studied in cultured leech neurons BJMBR
De-Miguel,F.F..
Leech neurons in culture have provided novel insights into the steps in the formation of neurite outgrowth patterns, target recognition and synapse formation. Identified adult neurons from the central nervous system of the leech can be removed individually and plated in culture under well-controlled conditions, where they retain their characteristic physiological properties, grow neurites and form specific chemical or electrical synapses. Different identified neurons develop distinctive outgrowth patterns that depend on their identities and on the molecular composition of the substrate. On native substrates, the patterns displayed by these neurons reproduce characteristics from the adult or the developing neurons. In addition, the substrate may induce...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Regeneration; Neurite outgrowth; Synapse formation; Cultured neurons; Leech.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2000000500002
Imagem não selecionada

Imprime registro no formato completo
Coffee biotechnology Braz. J. Plant Physiol.
De Los Santos-Briones,César; Hernández-Sotomayor,S. M. Teresa.
In the last three decades, interest has turned to in vitro cell culture in different areas of coffee research. In vitro techniques have been applied not only for coffee improvement through genetic transformation but also to study various aspects in coffee cells such as chemical (caffeine synthesis and the production of coffee aroma), physiological and more recently, biochemical aspects. The most important advances obtained to date on in vitro coffee techniques in fields like biochemistry, physiology, regeneration systems and genetic engineering, are presented and discussed.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coffea; Coffee; Genetic transformation; In vitro tissue culture; Regeneration; Somatic embryogenesis.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1677-04202006000100015
Registros recuperados: 58
Primeira ... 123 ... Última
 

Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária - Embrapa
Todos os direitos reservados, conforme Lei n° 9.610
Política de Privacidade
Área restrita

Embrapa
Parque Estação Biológica - PqEB s/n°
Brasília, DF - Brasil - CEP 70770-901
Fone: (61) 3448-4433 - Fax: (61) 3448-4890 / 3448-4891 SAC: https://www.embrapa.br/fale-conosco

Valid HTML 4.01 Transitional