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	Provedor de dados AgEcon (10) Autor Oliveira, Victor (6) Frazao, Elizabeth (4) Smallwood, David M. (3) Davis, David E. (2) Prell, Mark A. (2) Chandran, Ram (1) Jacknowitz, Alison (1) Leibtag, Ephraim S. (1) Ralston, Katherine L. (1) Tiehen, Laura (1) Mais... Palavra-chave Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women (10) Infants (8) WIC (6) And Children (5) Infant formula (5) Food Security and Poverty (4) Child nutrition (3) Children (3) Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety (3) Food package costs (3) Rebates (3) WIC program (3) Agricultural and Food Policy (2) Cost-containment (2) Food assistance (2) Administrative-based issues (1) Consumer/Household Economics (1) Contract brand (1) Cost containment (1) ERS (1) Mais... Tipo do documento Report (10) Ano 2011 (1) 2010 (2) 2009 (1) 2006 (2) 2005 (2) 2004 (2) Mais... País United States (10) Idioma Inglês (10)		Ordenar por:  Relevância Autor Título Ano Registros recuperados: 10 Primeira ... 1 ... Última INTERSTATE VARIATION IN WIC FOOD PACKAGE COSTS: THE ROLE OF FOOD PRICES, CASELOAD COMPOSITION, AND COST-CONTAINMENT PRACTICES AgEcon Davis, David E.; Leibtag, Ephraim S.. Food prices within States affect average monthly costs of State food benefits packages provided by the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) more than variations in WIC caseload composition do. In addition, cost-containment practices by State WIC agencies provide different levels of cost savings in different areas, which also contributes to interstate variation in benefits package costs. This study is one of the few to examine the degree to which food prices, caseloads, and cost containment practices influence costs of State WIC food benefits packages. Because few data exist on the actual food items that WIC participants purchase, the study used a scanner dataset of supermarket transactions and other sources to... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC program; Cost-containment; Food package costs; Food prices; WIC foods; WIC caseloads; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; Children; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33811 Rising Infant Formula Costs to the WIC Program: Recent Trends in Rebates and Wholesale Prices AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Frazao, Elizabeth; Smallwood, David M.. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides participating infants with free infant formula. This study estimated that between 57 and 68 percent of all infant formula sold in the United States was purchased through WIC, based on 2004-06 data, and that formula costs to the WIC program have increased. Typically, WIC State agencies receive substantial rebates from manufacturers for each can of formula provided through the program. Each WIC State agency, or group of agencies, awards a contract to the manufacturer offering the lowest net wholesale price, defined as the difference between the manufacturer’s wholesale price and the State agency’s rebate. After adjusting for inflation, net wholesale prices increased by... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Infant formula; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants and Children; WIC; Infant formula maximum daily allowance; Economic Research Service (ERS); U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA); Agricultural and Food Policy. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59384 The WIC Program: Background, Trends, and Economic Issues, 2009 Edition AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Frazao, Elizabeth. The mission of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is to safeguard the health of low-income women, infants, and children through age 4 who are at nutritional risk. WIC provides nutritious foods to supplement diets, nutrition education, and referrals to health care and other social services. Administered by USDA’s Food and Nutrition Service (FNS), almost half of all infants and about a quarter of all children ages 1-4 in the United States participate in the program. WIC is USDA’s third-largest food and nutrition assistance program, accounting for 10 percent of total Federal spending on food and nutrition assistance. This report describes the WIC program—how it works, its history, program trends, and the... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Food and Nutrition Assistance Programs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; WIC; Administrative-based issues; Outcomebased issues; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics. Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55839 AN ECONOMIC MODEL OF WIC, THE INFANT FORMULA REBATE PROGRAM, AND THE RETAIL PRICE OF INFANT FORMULA AgEcon Prell, Mark A.. This report develops an economic model that provides the theoretical framework for the econometric analyses presented in the report's companion volume, WIC and the Retail Price of Infant Formula (FANRR-39). The model examines supermarket retail prices for infant formula in a local market area, and identifies the theoretical effects of the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) and its infant formula rebate program. Special attention is given to the rebate program's sole-source procurement system by which a single manufacturer becomes a State's "contract brand"-the State's one supplier of formula to WIC infants-in exchange for paying rebates to WIC. When a manufacturer's brand is designated a State's contract brand,... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC program; Infant formula; Cost containment; Rebates; Food package costs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; Children; Child nutrition; Food assistance; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33879 CHILDREN'S CONSUMPTION OF WIC-APPROVED FOODS AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Chandran, Ram. The WIC program offers supplemental foods to low-income women, infants, and children. This study compared consumption patterns of WIC children with those of three different comparison groups: eligible nonparticipating children living in non-WIC households, eligible nonparticipating children living in WIC households, and children living in households whose income is too high to be eligible for WIC. The study provides strong evidence that participation in the WIC program increases consumption of at least some types of WIC-approved foods. Although WIC-participating children consumed significantly more calories from WIC-approved foods than children in the two comparison groups of eligible nonparticipants, there was no significant difference in total calories... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; Children; Food packages; WIC-approved foods; Tobit regression analysis; Food consumption patterns; Child nutrition; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33853 WIC Participation Patterns: An Investigation of Delayed Entry and Early Exit AgEcon Jacknowitz, Alison; Tiehen, Laura. USDA’s Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides nutritious foods, nutrition counseling, and referrals to health and other social services to low-income women and their infants/children up to age 5. Despite the health benefits of WIC participation, many eligible women do not participate during pregnancy, and many households exit WIC when a participating child turns 1 year old. The authors of this report use the first two waves of the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study-Birth Cohort (ECLS-B) to understand these transitions into and out of WIC. Findings show that households that are more economically advantaged are more likely to delay entry into the program or exit after a child turns 1 year old. Some of the... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; WIC; Participation dynamics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102759 WIC AND THE RETAIL PRICE OF INFANT FORMULA AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Prell, Mark A.; Smallwood, David M.; Frazao, Elizabeth. Rebates from infant formula manufacturers to State agencies that administer the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) support over one-quarter of all WIC participants. However, concerns have been raised that WIC and its infant formula rebate program may significantly affect the infant formula prices faced by non-WIC consumers. This report presents findings from the most comprehensive national study of infant formula prices at the retail level. For a given set of wholesale prices, WIC and its infant formula rebate program resulted in modest increases in the supermarket price of infant formula, especially in States with a high percentage of WIC formula-fed infants. However, lower priced infant formulas are available to... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC program; Infant formula; Cost-containment; Rebates; Food package costs; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Child nutrition; Food assistance; Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2004 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33873 Nutrient Adequacy of Children Participating in WIC AgEcon Ralston, Katherine L.. USDA's Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) provides supplemental foods to participants, in most cases through vouchers for retail purchase of foods designated as approved by the program. WIC food packages were initially designed to include foods rich in nutrients that were lacking in the diets of low-income participants. This brief summarizes two recent ERS-sponsored studies that provide new assessments of nutrient intakes of WIC children, income-eligible children not participating in the program, and children ineligible for the program. Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants and Children WIC food assistance programs nutrient intake diet quality CSFII NHANES vitamin C vitamin A iron protein calcium ERS; USDA Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety Food Security and Poverty. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/34091 Recent Trends and Economic Issues in the WIC Infant Formula Rebate Program AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Davis, David E.. Over half of all infant formula sold in the United States is purchased through the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC). Typically, WIC State agencies obtain substantial discounts in the form of rebates from infant formula manufacturers for each can of formula purchased through the program. The cost to WIC for each can of formula provided through the program has two components: (1) net wholesale price, which is equal to the wholesale price of formula minus the amount of the rebate; and (2)retail markup, which is equal to the retail price minus the wholesale price. This analysis suggests that retail markup accounts for most of the cost to WIC of infant formula in most States. However, both cost components have... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebates; Net wholesale price; Retail markup; Wholesale price; Food Assistance and Nutrition Research Program; FANRP; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety. Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7228 The Infant Formula Market: Consequences of a Change in the WIC Contract Brand AgEcon Oliveira, Victor; Frazao, Elizabeth; Smallwood, David M.. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is the major purchaser of infant formula in the United States. To reduce cost to the WIC program, each State awards a sole-source contract to a formula manufacturer to provide its product to WIC participants in the State. As part of the contract, the WIC State agency receives rebates from the manufacturers. In this study, we use 2004-09 Nielsen scanner-based retail sales data from over 7,000 stores in 30 States to examine the effect of winning a WIC sole-source contract on infant formula manufacturers’ market share in supermarkets. We find that the manufacturer holding the WIC contract brand accounted for the vast majority—84 percent—of all formula sold by the top three... Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: WIC; Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women; Infants; And Children; Infant formula; Rebate; Sole-source contracts; Contract brand; Spillover effect; ERS; USDA; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; Marketing. Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118020 Registros recuperados: 10 Primeira ... 1 ... Última

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