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| 平田, 昌弘; 石田, 紀郎; Hirata, Masahiro; Ishida, Norio. |
| 中央アジアに位置するトルクメニスタンは、国土の大部分が年間降水量200mm以下であり、農耕地は国土面積のわずか3.3%にしか満たない。農耕地の98.6%は灌漑によっており、カラクム運河の水資源がトルクメニスタンにおける農業活動の生命線となっている。1996年から1998年にかけて、牧草類生産用の農耕地を穀物類栽培に大きく割り当てたこと、そして、穀物類と綿花の収量が向上したことにより、大規模農場による穀物類と綿花の栽培が増加した。一方、独立した個人農民への土地私有権の分配はいまだほとんど進展していない。しかし、トルクメニスタンにおける農作物生産量、農作物収量、家畜飼養頭羽数および畜産物生産量は増加傾向にあり、徐々にではあるが民営化の効果は現れ始めている。土地利用権としての農業用地の農民への還元、農民への優遇政策、基本資材の無料供給、国土面積の狭さからくる流通における利点などが、農民の生産活動に有利に働いた。農耕地拡大と農作物収量の向上とともに、トルクメニスタンにおける農作物生産はこれからも成長を続けるであろう。 The annual rainfall in most parts of Turkmenistan is less than 200 mm，and consequently，cultivated fields comprise only 3.3% of the total land area. The majority of the cultivation，98.6%，makes use of irrigation，and the water supply from the Karakum Canal serves as a vital resource for the cultivation... |
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Palavras-chave: Turkmenistan; Karakum canal; Irrigation; Dry area; Agricultural production. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/3203 |
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| Glukhikh, Rimma; Lerman, Zvi; Schwartz, Moshe. |
| High risk is inherent to agriculture in Turkmenistan, a post-socialist desert country where the political uncertainties of transition exacerbate natural unpredictability. This study examines risk coping strategies of Turkmen farmers based on a survey of 1100 respondents carried out in 2002 in all five provinces. We propose a new composite index of vulnerability, which includes human capital indicators and geographic location. The analysis relies on a single independent variable, which nevertheless incorporates the effect of criteria interactions. Using survey data, we analyze income smoothing as a mechanisms of risk management across vulnerability groups. Consistently with theoretical expectations, the most vulnerable households seem prefer a smaller, but... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Turkmenistan; Transition; Vulnerability; Income smoothing; Risk and Uncertainty; D1; J2; Q12. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7144 |
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| Glukhikh, Rimma; Lerman, Zvi; Schwartz, Moshe. |
| High risk is inherent to agriculture in Turkmenistan, a post-socialist desert country where the political uncertainties of transition exacerbate natural unpredictability. This study examines risk coping strategies of Turkmen farmers based on a survey of 1100 respondents carried out in 2002 in all five provinces. We propose a new composite index of vulnerability, which includes human capital indicators and geographic location. The analysis relies on a single independent variable, which nevertheless incorporates the effect of criteria interactions. Using survey data, we analyze income smoothing as a mechanisms of risk management across vulnerability groups. Consistently with theoretical expectations, the most vulnerable households seem prefer a smaller, but... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Turkmenistan; Transition; Vulnerability; Income smoothing; Risk and Uncertainty; D1; J2; Q12. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25757 |
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