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| Engle, Patrice L.; Menon, Purnima; Garrett, James L.; Slack, Alison. |
| The UNICEF-expanded model for nutrition is used to analyze the circumstances of care in urban environments. The model postulates that there are six major types of care behaviors: feeding and breast-feeding, food preparation and handling, hygiene behavior, psychosocial care, care for women, and home health practices. These behaviors require the resources of education and knowledge of the caregivers, the physical and mental health of caregivers, autonomy in decisionmaking, time availability, and the social support of the family and community in order to ensure adequate care for the child. This paper describes each of these constraints, and two of the behaviors (feeding and health care utilization) in urban and rural areas. Data from Demographic and Health... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Child Feeding; Food handling; Urban health; Urbanization; Education; Research; Gender; Health and Nutrition; Education; Childcare and work; Livelihoods; Urban programming; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97296 |
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| Ruel, Marie T.; Garrett, James L.. |
| In this paper we discuss the wide disparities that exist in childhood malnutrition, food insecurity and livelihoods within urban areas which, when combined with the mobility of urban residents, add to the complexity of designing, targeting and implementing urban programmes. Livelihood security in urban areas is dependent on cash income, especially for food expenditures, and hence employment. For women, employment brings about the need for support with childcare; we analyse a programme that provides the double benefit of delivering affordable and reliable childcare for extended hours, and allowing women to secure a more formal employment and obtaining employment benefits. Other factors that need to be considered in shaping urban programmes include land and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Urban food security; Food expenditures; Employment; Childcare; Urban programming; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Food Security and Poverty. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12002 |
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