| The Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD), adopted in June 2008, recommends Member States to adopt an ecosystemic approach to manage the marine environment. By this directive, France aims to achieve a good environmental status (GES) described by 11 descriptors, of its marine waters by 2020. Descriptor 1 stipulates that biological diversity is maintained. The quality and occurrence of habitats and the distribution and abundance of species are in line with prevailing physiographic, geographic and climate conditions (European Commission Decision 2017/848/UE). The ecosystem components of fish and cephalopods must be assessed in the four marine subregions (“English Channel – North Sea”, “Celtic seas”, “Bay of Biscay” and “Western Mediterranea”). The... |
