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| Registros recuperados: 785 | |
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| Bjarne Bjerg; Associate professor; Lars Soerensen. |
| The purpose of this work is to inquire the potentials of a simplified method of modelling radial inlets in numerical simulation of airflow in mechanically ventilated livestock rooms. This simplified method is based on simulation of an angle section of the entire air volume with starting point in the centre line of the inlet. Using symmetry planes as boundary condition on the sides of the angle section, and grids including only one cell in the width direction, it is possible to include three-dimensional geometry in simulations nearly equally uncomplicated as twodimensional simulations.Inside and close to the inlet the angle section method generates practically the same air velocities and pressure conditions as simulation of the entire room. At floor level... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1193 |
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| S. Rathmann; R. Fischerkeller. |
| The rapid development of electronic systems in automotive vehicles has been driven for decades by constantly growing requirements of legislation for environmental protection, as well as rising demands of the end-user to improve fuel economy, safety, driving comfort and driving excitement. The manufacturers of mobile work machines also see themselves increasingly confronted with these requirements. Can Robert Bosch GmbH use the technical experiences from automobiles also in this area to efficiently develop high-quality electronic systems, which are future-oriented and be able to flexibly adapt the systems to different platforms? The number of calibration parameters for example in an engine management system has risen within the last 20 years from a few... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/943 |
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| M. Z. Hossain; M. T. Islam; T. Sakai; M. Ishida. |
| Tropical cyclone has a great impact on agricultures and rural infrastructures such as shelter, sanitation, drinking water, electricity supplies and transportation services. It causes huge damages not only to livelihoods but also to engineering structures like rural roads, dams, embankments, farm buildings and dairy houses etc. This paper depicts the results of recent studies on impact of tropical cyclones on rural and agricultural engineering infrastructures in Bangladesh based on the field visits to cyclone sites, collected data and information on damages and death of peoples. Necessary data related to tropical cyclones are obtained from available publications and news paper information reported in the recent years and previously. It is found that, in... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1036 |
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| N. A. Aviara; University of Maiduguri; S. K. Shittu; M. A. Haque. |
| Guna seed extraction presents an onerous task and has been the labour and time consuming operation that militates against the large scale production and processing of this important oil crop. To overcome this problem, a guna seed extractor that works on the principle of impact from breaker arms and macerators was developed. The seed extractor consists of a hopper equipped with flow rate control device, a seed extraction unit, winnowing unit and power system. Performance tests were conducted on the seed extractor using the fruits of two varieties of guna crop namely citrullus colocynthis and citrullus lanatus in the moisture ranges of 87.21-92.45% (wb) and 85.07-89.74% (wb) respectively, obtained by varying the fruit storage duration. Result of tests and... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1233 |
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| Kiprotich W Mutai; Osumba Ogeta; Chris Wosyanju; Joaz K Korir. |
| The jua kali sector in Kenya is involved in the manufacture of many items and, like the formal manufacturing sector, uses electricity. Normally electricity is supplied to consumers depending on the consumer’s maximum expected load demand. However, some consumers overload their supply lines and neglect electrical safety rules. A research aimed at developing a comprehensive electrical safety programme for Eldoret jua kali sector was undertaken. It was found that the majority of jua kali operators do not adhere to electrical safety regulations and requirements. Moreover, they also lacked the appropriate tools and equipment for electrical services and many operated from temporary shelters. |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/962 |
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| Swapan K Roy; Mike Albu; Abdur Rob. |
| A study was carried out to investigate the investment of a selected agro-machinery power operated Maize Sheller in the course of mechanization of Bangladesh. The analysis considers different types of Maize Sheller, and inter-regional differences in agro-economic factors that influence the business rationale for investment. Maize Shellers are increasingly needed to serve demand from poultry sector because manual shelling is very laborious. Comparing with manual shelling, results indicate that power operated Maize Shellers look like a wise investment (5 – 8 acres for 25% internal rate of return or IRR). However, it makes economic sense to operate shellers at higher capacities, and along with the high capital cost (Tk1 18,000 – 22,000) to save large numbers... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/958 |
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| M. Zeitzew. |
| Two off-the-shelf John Deere utility mowers were modified for X-by-wire control for the purposes of constructing autonomous vehicles usable in sports-turf mowing applications. The purpose of these mules was to enable the gathering of requirements and customer feedback on such a system. The environment selected initially was that of a baseball stadium. These areas can be characterized as flat, highly controlled and well-groomed, for which precise mowing patterns are necessities. Typically the operators of these mowers are highly skilled; an autonomous system has the benefits of saving time and labor, permitting the efficient usage of less-skilled employees, and allowing skilled personnel to focus on more complex tasks (such as infield mowing and warning... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/947 |
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| R. C. Dash; College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology. |
| Selection of proper size of farm power and machinery is the most important component of any farm enterprise. Among the various inputs to the crop production system, power and machinery jointly represent the largest single item of expenditure constituting about 60% of the total investment on a farm. The decision on optimum size of machinery is quite critical not only because of the high proportion of total cost attributed to machinery but also due to the infrequency and irrevocability of such decisions. Computer based least cost models were developed in C programming language for the selection of optimum size power and machinery system for paddy-wheat cropping system with the input like area under the crop, soil type, number of operations for each crop,... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1245 |
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| O. K Owolarafe; C. Arumughan. |
| An assessment of the oil palm plantation management and fruit supply, under the Indian contract-growers scheme was conducted in this study. Data was collected from about 96 plantations on the age of plantation, size of plantation, cost of establishment, maintenance practices and cost , yield of fresh fruit bunches, profitability of the scheme for the farmers and so on. It was observed that most of the plantations (69.8%) are in the range of 6-10 years of age while the size of 1-5 ha dominates the sample (76%). Farmers are able to procure land and source fund for the establishment of plantations. Farmers also perform maintenance activities (irrigation, weeding and fertilizer application) satisfactorily, though incure considerable cost on the activities.... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/959 |
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| S. Pedersen; P. Ravn. |
| In respect to improving animal welfare and to minimize the ammonia emission from animal facili-ties, it is important to have appropriate information on the impact of the flooring system in pig pens. Twelve different floors, six commercially available and six experimental floors for pig pens, were investigated in respect to four different characteristics: friction coefficients, shock absorption, am-monia emission and heat conduction. The friction coefficients were measured as dynamic friction for dry floors and floors wetted with water and rapeseed oil and as static friction for dry floors. The floor elasticity was measured as shock absorption when letting a weight fall on the test floors. The ammonia emission was measured in a wind tunnel with ammonia... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1202 |
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| M. Ehrl; H. Auernhammer. |
| Satellite based guidance technology is a very challenging principle for future automation of agricultural machinery. The first generation types of systems are primarily self-contained solutions and added to the existing system set-up of the tractor. As being an important step towards robotics in agricultural machines, a better integration of this technology into the mechanical, hydraulic and especially the electronic architecture is a major issue. In principle, there are two main strategies for the integration. One is a concept based on a proprietary, manufacturer specific approach. The other one is to map as many functions as possible into the just state of the art becoming open and standardized ISOBUS. Within this paper, the capabilities of ISOBUS to be... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/933 |
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| K. K. Jain; A. K. Shrivastava; C. R. Mehta. |
| Tractor seat is one of the important component / assembly as far as the human machine system and comfort of tractor operator are concerned .With this in view, a field survey and laboratory study were conducted of selected popular tractors and tractor seats, respectively, with particular reference to seating dimensions. Dimensions for seat pan and backrest were measured and analyzed, according to BIS recommendations. The results highlighted that seat pan width was found 10.9% less, seat height was found 15.3% in excess, no vertical adjustments and backrest width was also found 20.4% less. This may cause discomfort for smaller as well as higher percentile tractor operators. Based upon the design of mounting arrangement of different tractor seats – a common... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1274 |
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| B. K. Fritz; USDA-ARS, College Station,; W. C. Hoffmann. |
| The deposition and drift of aerially applied crop protection materials is influenced by a numberof factors including equipment setup and operational parameters, spray material, and meteorological conditions. This work focuses on evaluating the meteorological influences on the transport and ultimate fate of aerially applied sprays. There was no single meteorological factor that dominated the downwind transport of the spray treatments replicated in this study. Generally, lower relative humidity decreased downwind deposition and the amount of spray unaccounted for due to evaporative effects. Increasing wind speeds decreased both in-swath deposition and downwind deposition, and increased the amount of mass unaccounted for.Increases in stability were only... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1241 |
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| Gauri S Mittal. |
| Worldwide, legislations on regulating the disposal of abattoir wastewater and residues are not yet uniform. In Europe and North America, new regulations are being developed to protect soil and water. This provides an opportunity to review the regulations related to land-application of abattoir wastewater and residues. In USA, all states must abide biosolids standards as set out. In Ontario, Canada, a detailed proposal must be submitted to the local Ministry of Environment (MOE) office for review. Biosolids Utilization Committee provides opinion to local MOE office on wastes other than sewage biosolids. There are many minimum land-application restrictions for water and soil protection. According to European Union, overall, land-application of abattoir waste... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/965 |
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| Hiroshi Nakashima; Kyoto University. |
| We applied a serial domain decomposition method (DDM) to our two-dimensional discrete element method (DEM) program and investigated the effectiveness of DDM in terms of computer hardware. The developed program could obtain sufficiently accurate results for wheel slip, traction, and gross traction, comparable to DEM without serial DDM. We also confirmed that the soil deformation field under the wheel for DEM with serial DDM was similar to that for DEM without DDM. Moreover, the increased sub-domain loop was effective in reducing computational time in the case of serial DDM. Since each sub-domain loop contains the time integration and coordinate update routine, further optimization of memory usage in our serial DDM may be possible, which would allow... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1239 |
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| B. Bernardi; F. Giametta; G. Sciarrone. |
| The rapid and sweeping changes occurred in the last few years in the world have been crucial driving forces behind the evolution of olive growing practices on a global scale. These drives to change are gradually modifying the traditional olive growing scenarios thanks to the successful advent of a modern mechanized and specialized olive orchard cultivation where resource efficiency improvements and production cost reduction have become mandatory. In particular, the olive growing innovation process is based on a model referred to as “super intensive”, whose main advantage lies in highly-efficient mechanized harvesting operations performed uninterruptedly by means of the same grape harvesters long used to collect grapes. At renewal that affects models... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/1165 |
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| R. Freimann. |
| Within a continuous development of mobile agricultural machinery the application and further introduction of electronic controls is offering the fare most potential for working processes optimization. The article gives an introduction to tractor and implement controls, especially targeting implement guided tractor control, underlined with two executed examples for this advanced control design. A structured development model and basic knowledge on safe and robust control loop set-ups were developed. Potential conflict scenarios within the multi master control system of driver, tractor, implement and independently pre-planned task control were identified and solved by arbitrational state strategies. The two exemplarily executed demonstration examples utilize... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/934 |
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| R. N Jørgensen; C. G Sørensen; J. Maagaard; I. Havn; K. Jensen; H. T Søgaard; L. B Sørensen. |
| Danish organic outdoor gardeners today use 50-300 hours per hectare for manual weeding. Through automatic controlling of an existing commercial machine this often heavy and costconsuming weeding will be eliminated. At the same time, a fully-automatic registration of field activities will contribute to the efficient implementation of EU directive 178/2002 concerning traceability in the primary production and thereby enhance the food-safety in the production chain. A radio controlled slope mower is equipped with a new robotic accessory kit. This transforms it into a tool carrier (HortiBot) for high-tech plant nursing for e.g. organic grown vegetables. The HortiBot is capable of passing over several parcels with visible rows autonomously based on a new... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/937 |
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| H. W Griepentrog; M. Noerremark; J. Nielsen; J. S Ibarra. |
| Several developments and investigations have been done to automate the lateral control of hoes with the aim to achieve higher weeding efficiency and decreased labor costs. The aim of this project was to investigate the accuracy and limitations for a computer controlled hoeing operation based on a GPS system. A conventional hoe and an electro-hydraulic side shift frame was used and attached to a small automatic tractor. The main task of the controller systems was to minimize the lateral deviations between current GPS positions of the hoe related to a predefined route. The range of the cross track errors (standard deviations) altered between 0.009 m and 0.028 m for the hoe (ground measurements). The hoe system enables hoeing up to 83% of a field surface area... |
| Ano: 1969 |
URL: http://www.cigrjournal.org/index.php/Ejounral/article/view/936 |
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| Registros recuperados: 785 | |
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