SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Lagerkvist, Carl Johan; Johansson, Helena; Birol, Ekin; Roy, Devesh; Narrod, Clare A..

Irrigation with raw or diluted wastewater is a widespread phenomenon, occurring on 20 million hectares across the developing world, especially in Asian countries, but also in peri-urban areas around almost every city of sub-Saharan Africa and in many Latin American cities. Growing urban populations and consequent increases in demand for food and water has spurred the use of sewage to water crops as this is, in many cases, the only form of irrigation for farmers who either lack clean water or for whom clean water is too expensive. Wastewater has high nutrient value and constitutes a reliable source (Scott et al., 2004). It is mostly used to produce cash crops (e.g. vegetables and cereals). For example, it has been estimated that in most parts of Sub-...

AGRI-ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES IN A TRANSITIONAL ECONOMY: THE VALUE OF AGRICULTURAL BIODIVERSITY IN HUNGARIAN HOME GARDENS

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/59115

Birol, Ekin; Smale, Melinda; Gyovai, Agnes.

Agricultural biodiversity is an environmental resource. Much of the agricultural biodiversity remaining in situ today is found on the semi-subsistence farms of poorer countries and the small-scale farms or home gardens of more industrialized nations. The traditional small farms of Hungary are labelled "home gardens" as a reflection of their institutional identity during the collectivisation period. Homesteads managed with family labor, they continue to serve essential food security and diet quality functions during economic transition. Home gardens contribute to the preservation of rural settlements and cultural heritage, and they contain relatively high levels of several components of agricultural biodiversity. The role of home gardens in the...

Assessing the economic viability of alternative water resources in water scarce regions: The roles of economic valuation, cost–benefit analysis and discounting

Palavras-chave: Agricultural biodiversity; In situ conservation; Choice experiment method; Hungary; Home garden; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2004

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/60331

Birol, Ekin; Koundouri, Phoebe; Kountouris, Yiannis.

This paper demonstrates a comprehensive methodology to assess the viability of an environmental management plan which has long-run economic and ecological impacts. The case study under consideration is the implementation of a water resource management plan in a water scarce region of the world, namely Cyprus. Specifically this plan proposes to replenish a depleting aquifer with treated wastewater. The methodology proposed first identifies the key stakeholder groups, namely farmers and the general public, who are hypothesized to derive economic values (benefits) from the implementation of this plan, and then implements stated preference methods to capture the total economic value of these benefits. Benefits are aggregated over the relevant populations of...

Combining revealed and stated preference methods to assess the private value of agrobiodiversity in Hungarian home gardens

Palavras-chave: Aquifer recharge; Treated Wastewater; Total Economic Value; Choice Experiment; Long-run Cost Benefit Analysis; Declining Discounting; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51692

Birol, Ekin; Kontoleon, Andreas; Smale, Melinda.

Hungarian home gardens are small-scale farms managed by farm households using traditional management practices and family labor. They generate private benefits for farmers by enhancing diet quality and providing food when costs of transacting in local markets are high. Home gardens also generate public benefits for society by supporting long-term productivity advances in agriculture. In this paper, we estimate the private value to farmers of agrobiodiversity in home gardens. Building on the approach presented in EPTD Discussion Paper 117 (2004), we combine a stated preference approach (a choice experiment model) and a revealed preference approach (a discrete-choice, farm household model). Both models are based on random utility theory. To combine the...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Home gardens; Small-scale farmers; Diet quality; Agricultural productivity; Agrobiodiversity; Household surveys; Private value; Choice experiment model; Farm household model; Revealed and stated preference methods; Biodiversity; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55415

Developing country consumers’ demand for food safety and quality: Is Mumbai ready for certified and organic fruits?

Birol, Ekin; Roy, Devesh; Deffner, Katharina; Karandikar, Bhushana.

Farmer Preferences for Milpa Diversity and Genetically Modified Maize in Mexico: A Latent Class Approach

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51689

Birol, Ekin; Villalba, Eric Rayn; Smale, Melinda.

Maize, the second most globally important staple crop after wheat, originated in Mexico, where it is typically grown as part of a set of associated crops and practices called the milpa system. This ancient mode of production is practiced today in ways that vary by cultural context and agro-environment. Milpas generate private economic value, in terms of food security, diet quality and livelihoods, for the two-million farm households who manage them. Furthermore, milpas generate public economic value by conserving agrobiodiversity, especially that of maize landraces, which have the potential to contribute unique traits needed by plant breeders for future crop improvement. In this way, milpas contribute to global food security in maize. However, the...

Investigating the Role of Poultry in Livelihoods and the Impact of HPAI on Livelihoods Outcomes in Africa: Evidence from Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya and Nigeria

Palavras-chave: Mexico; Maize; Genetically modified crops; Conservation; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/42373

Birol, Ekin; Asare-Marfo, Dorene; Ayele, Gezahegn; Mensah-Bonsu, Akwasi; Ndirangu, Lydia K.; Okpukpara, Benjamin; Roy, Devesh; Yakhshilikov, Yorbol.

In this paper we investigate the role of poultry in the livelihoods portfolios of households and the impact of supply and demand shocks that may be caused by Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) on various livelihoods outcomes of households in four Sub-Saharan African (SSA) countries. The study countries include Ethiopia and Kenya in East Africa and Ghana and Nigeria in West Africa. These countries represent a spectrum of SSA countries in terms of disease status, role of poultry sector and means of disease spread. By using nationally representative household level secondary data and discrete choice methods (probit model and zero inflated negative binomial model) we profile the household, farm and regional characteristics of those households who are...

SUSTAINABLE USE AND MANAGEMENT OF CROP GENETIC RESOURCES: LANDRACES ON HUNGARIAN SMALL FARMS

Palavras-chave: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI); Demand shock; Supply shock; Livelihoods; Probit model; Zero inflated negative binomial model; Propensity score matching; Livestock Production/Industries.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97084

Birol, Ekin; Smale, Melinda; Gyovai, Agnes.

Crop genetic resources are natural assets that are necessary for future crop improvement. In isolated, marginal production environments where markets function imperfectly, farm families depend on them directly for food. In recognition of their importance, international agreements such as the Convention on Biological Diversity and the International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture encourage national governments to support their sustainable use and management, on farms and in gene bank collections. Hungary is a signatory to these international agreements. The aim of this study is to contribute research-based information to support the design of efficient and equitable conservation programmes for socially valuable crop landraces...

USING A CHOICE EXPERIMENT TO ESTIMATE THE DEMAND OF HUNGARIAN FARMERS FOR FOOD SECURITY AND AGROBIODIVERSITY DURING ECONOMIC TRANSITION

Palavras-chave: Crop genetic resources; Landraces; Farm household model; Poisson Hurdle model; Sustainable use and management; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31935

Birol, Ekin; Kontoleon, Andreas; Smale, Melinda.

Hungarian home gardens are small farms that are repositories of agrobiodiversity and provide food security during economic transition. We use a choice experiment to test the hypothesis that farmer demand for home gardens will decrease as markets develop with European Union accession. Data represent 22 communities with varying levels of market and social infrastructure. We find that farmers located in more economically developed communities choose to be less dependent on small farms for food and prefer lower levels of agrobiodiversity. Findings indicate that the survival of small farms is jeopardized by economic change, but point to some conservation policy options.

USING A CHOICE EXPERIMENT TO ESTIMATE THE NON-USE VALUES OF WETLANDS: THE CASE OF CHEIMADITIDA WETLAND IN GREECE

Palavras-chave: Food security; Agrobiodiversity; Home gardens; Choice experiment; Multi-functional agriculture; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Security and Poverty; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31937

Birol, Ekin; Karousakis, Katia; Koundouri, Phoebe.

Despite wetlands being amongst the Earths most productive ecosystems, they have been degraded and lost at an unprecedented rate globally, especially throughout the last century. In recognition of the importance of the crucial ecological functions and economic benefits they provide, international efforts, such as the Ramsar Convention, and European Union level efforts, such as the Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC), are now in place to ensure conservation, sustainable management and improvement of the remaining wetlands. This paper aims to assist policy makers in formulating efficient, effective and sustainable wetland conservation and management policies by providing them with the results of a valuation study using the Cheimaditida wetland in Greece...