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Registros recuperados: 45 | |
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Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar; Vardal, Erling. |
Despite the failure of the U.N. Copenhagen climate conference in December 2009 efforts are continuing to reach agreement on binding global commitments on greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. At the same time, efforts are still underway to conclude the Doha Round of trade negotiations through the World Trade Organization (WTO). Both of these agreements could have a significant impact on the level of activity in agriculture and the GHG emissions that it generates. In this paper we explore strategies to comply with both trade liberalization and GHG emission reduction commitments. We examine the implications of trade liberalization and a carbon tax, both of which affect agricultural output, as means of achieving emission reductions. We emphasize two diametrically... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/108780 |
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Blandford, David. |
The impact of domestic support on trade is likely to become an increasingly important issue in the WTO negotiations on agriculture. Domestic support expenditures are increasing and existing disciplines on forms and levels of support are weak. While a shift from market price support to output subsidies should be less trade distorting, such support may not be minimally distorting as required under the so-called green-box criteria. Proposals submitted by WTO members could further expand permissible support measures and weaken disciplines on their use. In some cases, most notably support provided in pursuit of environmental objectives, there may be a contradiction between the aims of support measures and the requirement that these should be minimally trade... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agriculture; Domestic support; Green box; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23857 |
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Yang, Min-Hsien; Blandford, David. |
We examine current rice policies in four major Asian countries (China, Japan, Korea, and Taiwan), their relationship to current WTO disciplines, and to those proposed under the Doha negotiations. WTO disciplines have prompted some changes in rice policies, but disciplines of domestic support are unlikely to impose serious constraints in the future. Using the example of Taiwan, we examine how existing support policies could be changed to reduce domestic distortions and satisfy WTO commitments. Changing from existing amber box payments to those that would likely qualify for inclusion under the blue or green boxes could allow greater market orientation in Taiwan’s rice market, while satisfying food security and farm income support objectives. |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Domestic support; Rice; WTO; Taiwan; Asia; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Security and Poverty; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103665 |
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Abbott, Philip C.; Johnston, Brian G.; Blandford, David; Kilkenny, Maureen; Bochniarz, Henryka; Magiera, Stephen L.; Dixit, Praveen M.; McGregor, Robert M.; Frohberg, Klaus; Robinson, Sherman; Hickenbotham, Terry L.; Roningen, Vernon O.; House, Robert M.. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49873 |
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Barichello, Richard R.; Harvey, David R.; Barkley, Paul W.; Offutt, Susan E.; Blandford, David; Sutton, John; de Gorter, Harry; Webb, Alan J.; Gardner, Bruce L.; Webb, Shu-Eng. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 1988 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49871 |
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Blandford, David; Gaasland, Ivar; Vardal, Erling. |
As a result of substantial government support, Norway is more or less self-sufficient in its main agricultural products. This contributes to both trade distortions and higher greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In multinational negotiations separate efforts are being made to liberalize trade (through the World Trade Organization) and to reduce global GHG emissions (through the United Nations). Using a model of Norwegian agriculture, we explore interconnections between trade liberalization and GHG emission reductions. We show that the Doha proposals would involve no major cut in either agricultural production or GHG emissions due to weakness in the disciplines on trade distorting support. We contrast further trade liberalization and the use of a carbon tax to... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91729 |
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Blandford, David. |
The elements of a new agreement relating to domestic support for agriculture are set out in the WTO Framework document of July 2004. This introduces the concept of the Overall Trade Distorting Support (OTDS), which is to be disciplined and subject to reduction. In addition, some of the individual components of the OTDS will be subject to minimum required reductions and other elements will be capped. The caps and reduction percentages will define each country's future "entitlement" to Amber and Blue Box support. A base period OTDS will be calculated as the sum of the current bound Total Aggregate Measure of Support (TAMS), resulting from the Uruguay Round Agreement, plus an allowance for product specific and non-product specific de minimis, plus an... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14571 |
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Hornig, Ellen; Boisvert, Richard N.; Blandford, David. |
A theoretical model is outlined to illustrate how rents are generated from import quotas. The model is used to estimate rents from US cheese import quotas; rents are substantial. Relative rent capture by importers and exporters is explained by estimating an industrial organisation-type model. Unequal market power is important in explaining the distribution of rents between importers and exporters. Exporters tend to maintain price-cost margins and let importers capture a larger share as rent size increases. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22500 |
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Hill, Berkeley; Blandford, David. |
This document was prepared by David Blandford, Penn State University and Berkeley Hill, London University. It is based on results from a research project funded by the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture entitled "Policy Reform and Agricultural Adjustment" under a Cooperative Agreement with the Pennsylvania State University (No. 43-3AEK-3-80047). Additional funding was provided by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium (IATRC). Under the project, there was an international workshop at Imperial College, London in October 2003 and an IATRC symposium in Philadelphia in June 2004. The studies that are used as the basis of this paper are contained in an edited volume to be published by CABI Publishing (Blandford... |
Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14572 |
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Blandford, David. |
The signing of the Uruguay Round agreement on agriculture (URAA) in 1994 was a significant step towards the liberalization of world agricultural trade. A new round of negotiations on agriculture is scheduled to begin under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) at the end of 1999. This paper discusses the likely agenda of those negotiations and their implications for agriculture in the northeastern United States. |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 1999 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31288 |
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Pajic, Mirjana; Blandford, David; Bailey, Kenneth W.. |
The objective of this study is to measure the impact of proposed Doha Round tariff reductions on the global dairy industry and dairy policy. We examine how proposed tariff reductions affect global trade and prices, and the implications for the European Union and the United States. Since international market conditions can vary, we examine the implications of liberalization under two sets of market conditions. The first corresponds to the year 2004 in which there was a global surplus of dairy products. In that year import protection ensured that U.S prices of dairy products were above world prices. The second corresponds to 2007, when dairy products globally were in short supply and U.S. domestic prices were at or below world prices. We show that proposed... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/48085 |
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Tellioglu, Isin; Bailey, Kenneth W.; Blandford, David. |
The majority of the dairy products imported by the United States are intermediate products used in food processing. As such, they are demanded for their components such as milk fat and protein. The implications of the U.S. tariff structure for import demand must be viewed in terms of the tariff's effects upon the relative prices of imported milk components. In this article we examine the implications of the current tariff structure and proposed changes under the Doha Round of international trade negotiations at the World Trade Organization. We show that implicit ad valorem equivalent tariffs (AVEs) on components vary substantially under the current tariff schedule. Proposed changes under the Doha Round would lead to not only a reduction in the level of... |
Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Dairy; Doha Round; Milk components; Tariff structure; United States; International Relations/Trade. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9240 |
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Registros recuperados: 45 | |
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