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| Tostes,R.C.; Nigro,D.; Fortes,Z.B.; Carvalho,M.H.C.. |
| The cardiovascular protective actions of estrogen are partially mediated by a direct effect on the vessel wall. Estrogen is active both on vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells where functionally competent estrogen receptors have been identified. Estrogen administration promotes vasodilation in humans and in experimental animals, in part by stimulating prostacyclin and nitric oxide synthesis, as well as by decreasing the production of vasoconstrictor agents such as cyclooxygenase-derived products, reactive oxygen species, angiotensin II, and endothelin-1. In vitro, estrogen exerts a direct inhibitory effect on smooth muscle by activating potassium efflux and by inhibiting calcium influx. In addition, estrogen inhibits vascular smooth muscle cell... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Sex hormones; Estrogen; Vascular smooth muscle; Endothelium nitric oxide; Endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor; Angiotensin; Endothelin-1; Calcium channels; Potassium channels. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2003000900002 |
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| Lobato,N.S.; Filgueira,F.P.; Akamine,E.H.; Tostes,R.C.; Carvalho,M.H.C.; Fortes,Z.B.. |
| Obesity is strongly associated with high blood pressure, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. These conditions synergistically increase the risk of cardiovascular events. A number of central and peripheral abnormalities can explain the development or maintenance of high blood pressure in obesity. Of great interest is endothelial dysfunction, considered to be a primary risk factor in the development of hypertension. Additional mechanisms also related to endothelial dysfunction have been proposed to mediate the development of hypertension in obese individuals. These include: increase in both peripheral vasoconstriction and renal tubular sodium reabsorption, increased sympathetic activity and overactivation of both the renin-angiotensin system and the... |
| Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article |
Palavras-chave: Hypertension; Obesity; Endothelial dysfunction; Oxidative stress; Renin-angiotensin system; Nitric oxide. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2012000500003 |
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