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| Ramirez-llodra, E.; Brandt, A.; Danovaro, R.; De Mol, B.; Escobar, E.; German, C. R.; Levin, L. A.; Arbizu, P. Martinez; Menot, Lenaick; Buhl-mortensen, P.; Narayanaswamy, B. E.; Smith, C. R.; Tittensor, D. P.; Tyler, P. A.; Vanreusel, A.; Vecchione, M.. |
| The deep sea, the largest biome on Earth, has a series of characteristics that make this environment both distinct from other marine and land ecosystems and unique for the entire planet. This review describes these patterns and processes, from geological settings to biological processes, biodiversity and biogeographical patterns. It concludes with a brief discussion of current threats from anthropogenic activities to deep-sea habitats and their fauna. Investigations of deep-sea habitats and their fauna began in the late 19th century. In the intervening years, technological developments and stimulating discoveries have promoted deep-sea research and changed our way of understanding life on the planet. Nevertheless, the deep sea is still mostly unknown and... |
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| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00017/12816/9753.pdf |
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| German, C. R.; Thurnherr, A. M.; Knoery, Joel; Charlou, Jean-luc; Jean-baptiste, P.; Edmonds, H. N.. |
| High-temperature hydrothermal activity occurs in all ocean basins and along ridge crests of all spreading rates. While it has long been recognized that the fluxes associated with such venting are large, precise quantification of their impact on ocean biogeochemistry has proved elusive Here, we report a comprehensive study of heat, fluid and chemical fluxes from a single submarine hydrothermal field. To achieve this, we have exploited the integrating nature of the non-buoyant plume dispersing above the Rainbow hydrothermal field, a long-lived and tectonically hosted high-temperature vent site on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Our calculations yield heat and volume fluxes for high-temperature fluids exiting the seafloor of similar to 0.5 GW and 450 Ls(-1), together... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Hydrothermal fluxes; Biogeochemistry; Rainbow vent-field. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00003/11423/8040.pdf |
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| Bayon, Germain; Burton, K. W.; Soulet, Guillaume; Vigier, N.; Dennielou, Bernard; Etoubleau, Joel; Ponzevera, Emmanuel; German, C. R.; Nesbitt, R. W.. |
| The combined use of Lu-Hf and Sm-Nd isotope systems potentially offers a unique perspective for investigating continental erosion, but little is known about whether, and to what extent, the Hf-Nd isotope composition of sediments is related to silicate weathering intensity. In this study, Hf and Nd elemental and isotope data are reported for marine muds, leached Fe-oxide fractions and zircon-rich turbidite sands collected off the Congo River mouth, and from other parts of the SE Atlantic Ocean. All studied samples from the Congo fan (muds, Fe-hydroxides, sands) exhibit indistinguishable Nd isotopic composition (epsilon(Nd)similar to - 16), indicating that Fe-hydroxides leached from these sediments correspond to continental oxides precipitated within the... |
| Tipo: Text |
Palavras-chave: Congo fan; Seawater array; Continental erosion; Silicate weathering; Hafnium isotopes; Neodymium isotopes. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/2009/publication-6451.pdf |
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