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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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| Maneta, Marco P.; Torres, Marcelo; Howitt, Richard E.; Vosti, Stephen A.; Wallender, Wesley W.; Bassoi, Luis H.. |
| Policymakers, managers of water use associations, and many others in developing countries are considering policy actions that will directly or indirectly change the costs and availability of groundwater and surface water for agricultural users. While in many cases such actions may bring about welcomed increases in water use efficiency, little is known about the likely effects of changes in irrigation costs or water access on farmer behavior, or on farmer incomes in the short or long runs, and virtually nothing is known about the detailed immediate or knock-on effects on water resources that such policy actions might cause. This paper reports the preliminary results of research aiming to fill these large scientific gaps by developing a detailed hydrologic... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9705 |
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| Wicks, Santhi; Howitt, Richard E.; Klonsky, Karen. |
| The economic viability of alternative and more sustainable agriculture farming systems depend on the value of farm profits. These values may be estimated through short or long-run of profit maximization, but there is a difference in these methods. In short-run profit maximization the instantaneous marginal benefits are equated to the marginal costs of production. Where as in the long-run maximization of profits the capital value of soil resources are quantify in addition to the direct revenues and costs of each system over time. A long-run approach is fundamental to capture the value of capital improvements in soil resources. In this study we use short-run experimental data from SAFS's rotations to calibrate the crop simulation model EPIC, and obtain a... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Farm Management. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21444 |
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| Kim, Hong Jin; Helfand, Gloria E.; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| This study estimates the benefits to agricultural and human health of reducing ozone in the San Joaquin Valley of California, and the costs of ozone control. The San Joaquin Valley's highly valued crops suffer from high ozone levels. Federal and state primary ozone standards are based on health effects, not effects on other sectors, and do not consider costs of attaining the standards. The methods here allow comparison of both total and marginal benefits and costs. The results suggest that net gains can be achieved for the entire valley by reducing ozone below 1990 levels, although results vary by region. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31169 |
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| MacEwan, Duncan; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| In arid regions, including Australia's Murray-Darling basin and California's Central Valley, increasing salinity is a problem affecting agriculture, regional economies, urban areas, and the environment. The direct costs of salinity to agriculture in the Murray-Darling basin and California’s Central Valley are on the order of $500 million per year. Policymakers want to design policies to effectively manage salinity and, as such, need to understand how farmers respond to changing salinity levels. Reduced crop yields account for the largest direct cost of salinity to agriculture however farmers are able to mitigate effects through field management. Consequently, there is a difference between experimentally estimated yield-salinity functions and those which... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124331 |
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| Howitt, Richard E.; Reynaud, Arnaud; Msangi, Siwa; Knapp, Keith C.. |
| In this paper we develop a positive calibrated approach to stochastic dynamic programming. Risk aversion, discount rate, and intertemporal substitution preferences of the decision-maker are calibrated by a procedure that minimizes the mean squared error from data on past decisions. We apply this framework to managing stochastic water supplies from Oroville Reservoir, located in Northern California. The calibrated positive SDP closely reproduces the historical storage and releases from the dam and shows sensitivity of optimal decisions to a decision-maker's risk aversion and intertemporal preferences. The calibrated model has average prediction errors that are substantially lower than those from the model with an expected net present value objective. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19620 |
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| Msangi, Siwa; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| This paper demonstrates a robust method for achieving disaggregation in the estimation of flexible-form farm-level multi-input production functions using minimally-specified data sets. Since our ultimate goal is to address important questions related to the distributional effects of policy changes, we place emphasis on the ability of the model to reproduce the characteristics of the existing production system and to predict the outcomes of these changes at a high level of disaggregation. Achieving this requires the use of farm-level models that are estimated across a wide spectrum of sizes and types, which is often difficult to do with traditional econometric methods, due to limitations of data. The approach to estimating flexible-form production... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research Methods/ Statistical Methods. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21080 |
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| Hansen, Kristiana; Howitt, Richard E.; Williams, Jeffrey C.. |
| In California, the tremendous spatial and temporal variation in precipitation suggests that flexible contractual arrangements, such as option contracts, would increase allocative efficiency of water over time and space. Under such arrangements, a water agency pays an option premium for the right to purchase water at some point in the future, if water conditions turn out to be dry. The premium represents the value of the flexibility gained by the buyer from postponing its decision whether to purchase water. In California, the seller of existing option arrangements is often an agricultural producer who can fallow land, in the event that a water option is exercised. In this simulation-optimization approach, we seek to determine the value of transferring... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Risk and Uncertainty. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21218 |
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| Msangi, Siwa; Howitt, Richard E.. |
| In the face of growing management problems and conflicts over increasing demands and dwindling or increasingly variable supplies of surface and groundwater, the need for revising the conventional water resource allocation methods has been increasingly felt among natural resource managers and policy makers. For the past 30 years economists have advocated for the application of various types of market-based instruments (MBIs) as an efficient means of effecting the re-allocation water resources among competing uses. While MBIs have been implemented in several countries, they have continued to encounter strong socio-political opposition, due to the impacts imposed on third-parties during transfers and re-allocations, as well as the distributional effects... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25247 |
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| Murphy, James J.; Dinar, Ariel; Howitt, Richard E.; Rassenti, Stephen J.; Smith, Vernon L.; Weinberg, Marca. |
| We use laboratory experiments to test three different water market institutions designed to incorporate instream flow values into the allocation. The institutions are (1) a baseline with fixed minimum flow constraints, (2) an environmental agent contributing to the cost of providing instream flows, and (3) creating an instream flow right in which an environmental agent can sell the right to reduced flows. Using a "smart" computer-coordinated market, we find that direct environmental participation in the market can achieve highly efficient and stable allocations. A particularly attractive and practical feature of the third institution is that it nests the status quo in the sense that, should the environmental agent choose not to participate in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14525 |
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| Registros recuperados: 39 | |
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