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| Cazenave, Anny; Meyssignac, Benoit; Ablain, Michael; Balmaseda, Magdalena; Bamber, Jonathan; Barletta, Valentina; Beckley, Brian; Benveniste, Jerome; Berthier, Etienne; Blazquez, Alejandro; Boyer, Tim; Caceres, Denise; Chambers, Don; Champollion, Nicolas; Chao, Ben; Chen, Jianli; Cheng, Lijing; Church, John A.; Chuter, Stephen; Cogley, J. Graham; Dangendorf, Soenke; Desbruyeres, Damien; Doell, Petra; Domingues, Catia; Falk, Ulrike; Famiglietti, James; Fenoglio-marc, Luciana; Forsberg, Rene; Galassi, Gaia; Gardner, Alex; Groh, Andreas; Hamlington, Benjamin; Hogg, Anna; Horwath, Martin; Humphrey, Vincent; Husson, Laurent; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jaeggi, Adrian; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Johnson, Gregory; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Kusche, Juergen; Lambeck, Kurt; Landerer, Felix; Leclercq, Paul; Legresy, Benoit; Leuliette, Eric; Llovel, William; Longuevergne, Laurent; Loomis, Bryant D.; Luthcke, Scott B.; Marcos, Marta; Marzeion, Ben; Merchant, Chris; Merrifield, Mark; Milne, Glenn; Mitchum, Gary; Mohajerani, Yara; Monier, Maeva; Monselesan, Didier; Nerem, Steve; Palanisamy, Hindumathi; Paul, Frank; Perez, Begona; Piecuch, Christopher G.; Ponte, Rui M.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Reager, John T.; Rietbroek, Roelof; Rignot, Eric; Riva, Riccardo; Roemmich, Dean H.; Sorensen, Louise Sandberg; Sasgen, Ingo; Schrama, E. J. O.; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Shum, C. K.; Spada, Giorgio; Stammer, Detlef; Van De Wal, Roderic; Velicogna, Isabella; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Wada, Yoshihide; Wang, Yiguo; Watson, Christopher; Wiese, David; Wijffels, Susan; Westaway, Richard; Woppelmann, Guy; Wouters, Bert. |
| Global mean sea level is an integral of changes occurring in the climate system in response to unforced climate variability as well as natural and anthropogenic forcing factors. Its temporal evolution allows changes (e.g.,acceleration) to be detected in one or more components. Study of the sea-level budget provides constraints on missing or poorly known contributions, such as the unsurveyed deep ocean or the still uncertain land water component. In the context of the World Climate Research Programme Grand Challenge entitled "Regional Sea Level and Coastal Impacts", an international effort involving the sea-level community worldwide has been recently initiated with the objective of assessing the various datasets used to estimate components of the sea-level... |
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| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00454/56564/58270.pdf |
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| Von Schuckmann, Karina; Cheng, Lijing; Palmer, Matthew D.; Hansen, James; Tassone, Caterina; Aich, Valentin; Adusumilli, Susheel; Beltrami, Hugo; Boyer, Tim; Cuesta-valero, Francisco José; Desbruyères, Damien; Domingues, Catia; García-garcía, Almudena; Gentine, Pierre; Gilson, John; Gorfer, Maximilian; Haimberger, Leopold; Ishii, Masayoshi; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel; King, Brian A.; Kirchengast, Gottfried; Kolodziejczyk, Nicolas; Lyman, John; Marzeion, Ben; Mayer, Michael; Monier, Maeva; Monselesan, Didier Paolo; Purkey, Sarah; Roemmich, Dean; Schweiger, Axel; Seneviratne, Sonia I.; Shepherd, Andrew; Slater, Donald A.; Steiner, Andrea K.; Straneo, Fiammetta; Timmermans, Mary-louise; Wijffels, Susan E.. |
| Human-induced atmospheric composition changes cause a radiative imbalance at the top of the atmosphere which is driving global warming. This Earth energy imbalance (EEI) is the most critical number defining the prospects for continued global warming and climate change. Understanding the heat gain of the Earth system – and particularly how much and where the heat is distributed – is fundamental to understanding how this affects warming ocean, atmosphere and land; rising surface temperature; sea level; and loss of grounded and floating ice, which are fundamental concerns for society. This study is a Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) concerted international effort to update the Earth heat inventory and presents an updated assessment of ocean warming... |
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| Ano: 2020 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00648/76036/76956.pdf |
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| Meyssignac, Benoit; Boyer, Tim; Zhao, Zhongxiang; Hakuba, Maria Z.; Landerer, Felix W.; Stammer, Detlef; Koehl, Armin; Kato, Seiji; L'Ecuyer, Tristan; Ablain, Michael; Abraham, John Patrick; Blazquez, Alejandro; Cazenave, Anny; Church, John A.; Cowley, Rebecca; Cheng, Lijing; Domingues, Catia M.; Giglio, Donata; Gouretski, Viktor; Ishii, Masayoshi; Johnson, Gregory C.; Killick, Rachel E.; Legler, David; Llovel, William; Lyman, John; Palmer, Matthew Dudley; Piotrowicz, Steve; Purkey, Sarah G.; Roemmich, Dean; Roca, Rmy; Savita, Abhishek; Von Schuckmann, Karina; Speich, Sabrina; Stephens, Graeme; Wang, Gongjie; Wijffels, Susan Elisabeth; Zilberman, Nathalie. |
| The energy radiated by the Earth toward space does not compensate the incoming radiation from the Sun leading to a small positive energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere (0.4-1 Wm(-2)). This imbalance is coined Earth's Energy Imbalance (EEI). It is mostly caused by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and is driving the current warming of the planet. Precise monitoring of EEI is critical to assess the current status of climate change and the future evolution of climate. But the monitoring of EEI is challenging as EEI is two orders of magnitude smaller than the radiation fluxes in and out of the Earth system. Over 93% of the excess energy that is gained by the Earth in response to the positive EEI accumulates into the ocean in the form of heat. This... |
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Palavras-chave: Ocean heat content; Sea level; Ocean mass; Ocean surface fluxes; ARGO; Altimetry; GRACE; Earth Energy Imbalance. |
| Ano: 2019 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00675/78723/80997.pdf |
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| Arndt, D. S.; Blunden, J.; Dunn, R. J. H.; Aaron-morrison, Arlene P.; Abdallah, A.; Ackerman, Steven A.; Adler, Robert; Alfaro, Eric J.; Allan, Richard P.; Allan, Rob; Alvarez, Luis A.; Alves, Lincoln M.; Amador, Jorge A.; Andreassen, L. M.; Arce, Dayana; Argueez, Anthony; Arndt, Derek S.; Arzhanova, N. M.; Augustine, John; Awatif, E. M.; Azorin-molina, Cesar; Baez, Julian; Bardin, M. U.; Barichivich, Jonathan; Baringer, Molly O.; Barreira, Sandra; Baxter, Stephen; Beck, H. E.; Becker, Andreas; Bedka, Kristopher M.; Behrenfeld, Michael J.; Bell, Gerald D.; Belmont, M.; Benedetti, Angela; Bernhard, G. H.; Berrisford, Paul; Berry, David I.; Bettolli, Maria L.; Bhatt, U. S.; Bidegain, Mario; Biskaborn, B.; Bissolli, Peter; Bjerke, J.; Blake, Eric S.; Blunden, Jessica; Bosilovich, Michael G.; Boucher, Olivier; Boudet, Dagne; Box, J. E.; Boyer, Tim; Braathen, Geir O.; Brimelow, Julian; Bromwich, David H.; Brown, R.; Buehler, S.; Bulygina, Olga N.; Burgess, D.; Calderon, Blanca; Camargo, Suzana J.; Campbell, Jayaka D.; Cappelen, J.; Caroff, P.; Carrea, Laura; Carter, Brendan R.; Chambers, Don P.; Chandler, Elise; Cheng, Ming-dean; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Christy, John R.; Chung, Daniel; Chung, E. -s.; Clem, Kyle R.; Coelho, Caio A. S.; Coldewey-egbers, Melanie; Colwell, Steve; Cooper, Owen R.; Copland, L.; Cross, J. N.; Crouch, Jake; Cutie, Virgen; Davis, Sean M.; De Eyto, Elvira; De Jeu, Richard A. M.; De Laat, Jos; Degasperi, Curtis L.; Degenstein, Doug; Demircan, M.; Derksen, C.; Di Girolamo, Larry; Diamond, Howard J.; Dindyal, S.; Dlugokencky, Ed J.; Dohan, Kathleen; Dokulil, Martin T.; Dolman, A. Johannes; Domingues, Catia M.; Donat, Markus G.; Dong, Shenfu; Dorigo, Wouter A.; Drozdov, D. S.; Dunn, Robert J. H.; Duran-quesada, Ana M.; Dutton, Geoff S.; Elkharrim, M.; Elkins, James W.; Epstein, H. E.; Espinoza, Jhan C.; Etienne-leblanc, Sheryl; Famiglietti, James S.; Farrell, S.; Fateh, S.; Fausto, R. S.; Feely, Richard A.; Feng, Z.; Fenimore, Chris; Fettweis, X.; Fioletov, Vitali E.; Flannigan, Mike; Flemming, Johannes; Fogt, Ryan L.; Folland, Chris; Fonseca, C.; Forbes, B. C.; Foster, Michael J.; Francis, S. D.; Franz, Bryan A.; Frey, Richard A.; Frith, Stacey M.; Froidevaux, Lucien; Ganter, Catherine; Gerland, S.; Gilson, John; Gobron, Nadine; Goldenberg, Stanley B.; Goni, Gustavo; Gonzalez, Idelmis T.; Goto, A.; Greenhough, Marianna D.; Grooss, J. -u.; Gruber, Alexander; Guard, Charles; Gupta, S. K.; Gutierrez, J. M.; Haas, C.; Hagos, S.; Hahn, Sebastian; Haimberger, Leo; Hall, Brad D.; Halpert, Michael S.; Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Hanna, E.; Hanssen-bauer, I; Hare, Jon; Harris, Ian; Heidinger, Andrew K.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Hendricks, S.; Hernandez, Marieta; Hernandez, Rafael; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Ho, Shu-peng; Hobbs, William R.; Huang, Boyin; Huelsing, Hannah K.; Hurst, Dale F.; Ialongo, I.; Ijampy, J. A.; Inness, Antje; Isaksen, K.; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Jimenez, C.; Jin Xiangze,; John, Viju; Johns, William E.; Johnsen, B.; Johnson, Bryan; Johnson, Gregory C.; Johnson, Kenneth S.; Jones, Philip D.; Jumaux, Guillaume; Kabidi, Khadija; Kaiser, J. W.; Kass, David; Kato, Seiji; Kazemi, A.; Kelem, G.; Keller, Linda M.; Kelly, B. P.; Kendon, Mike; Kennedy, John; Kerr, Kenneth; Kholodov, A. L.; Khoshkam, Mahbobeh; Killick, Rachel; Kim, Hyungjun; Kim, S. -j.; Kimberlain, Todd B.; Klotzbach, Philip J.; Knaff, John A.; Kochtubajda, Bob; Kohler, J.; Korhonen, Johanna; Korshunova, Natalia N.; Kramarova, Natalya; Kratz, D. P.; Kruger, Andries; Kruk, Michael C.; Krumpen, T.; Lakatos, M.; Lakkala, K.; Lanckmann, J. -p.; Lander, Mark A.; Landschuetzer, Peter; Landsea, Chris W.; Lankhorst, Matthias; Lantz, Kathleen; Lazzara, Matthew A.; Leuliette, Eric; Lewis, Stephen R.; L'Heureux, Michelle; Lieser, Jan L.; Lin, I-i; Liu, Hongxing; Liu, Yinghui; Locarnini, Ricardo; Loeb, Norman G.; Long, Craig S.; Loranty, M.; Lorrey, Andrew M.; Loyola, Diego; Lu, Mong-ming; Lumpkin, Rick; Luo, Jing-jia; Luojus, K.; Lyman, John M.; Macara, Gregor; Macdonald, Alison M.; Macias-fauria, M.; Malkova, G. V.; Manney, G.; Marchenko, S. S.; Marengo, Jose A.; Marra, John J.; Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz; Martens, B.; Martinez-gueingla, Rodney; Massom, Robert A.; Mathis, Jeremy T.; May, Linda; Mayer, Michael; Mazloff, Matthew; Mcbride, Charlotte; Mccabe, M. F.; Mccarthy, Gerard; Mccarthy, M.; Mcdonagh, Elaine L.; Mcgree, Simon; Mcvicar, Tim R.; Mears, Carl A.; Meier, W.; Mekonnen, A.; Menezes, V. V.; Mengistu Tsidu, G.; Menzel, W. Paul; Merchant, Christopher J.; Meredith, Michael P.; Merrifield, Mark A.; Minnis, Patrick; Miralles, Diego G.; Mistelbauer, T.; Mitchum, Gary T.; Mitro, Srkani; Monselesan, Didier; Montzka, Stephen A.; Mora, Natalie; Morice, Colin; Morrow, Blair; Mote, T.; Mudryk, L.; Muehle, Jens; Mullan, A. Brett; Mueller, R.; Nash, Eric R.; Nerem, R. Steven; Newman, Louise; Newman, Paul A.; Nieto, Juan Jose; Noetzli, Jeannette; O'Neel, S.; Osborn, Tim J.; Overland, J.; Oyunjargal, Lamjav; Parinussa, Robert M.; Park, E-hyung; Pasch, Richard J.; Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo; Paterson, Andrew M.; Pearce, Petra R.; Pellichero, Violaine; Pelto, Mauri S.; Peng, Liang; Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Perovich, D.; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Pezza, Alexandre B.; Phillips, C.; Phillips, David; Phoenix, G.; Pinty, Bernard; Pitts, Michael C.; Pons, M. R.; Porter, Avalon O.; Quintana, Juan; Rahimzadeh, Fatemeh; Rajeevan, Madhavan; Rayner, Darren; Raynolds, M. K.; Razuvaev, Vyacheslav N.; Read, Peter; Reagan, James; Reid, Phillip; Reimer, Christoph; Remy, Samuel; Renwick, James A.; Revadekar, Jayashree V.; Richter-menge, J.; Rimmer, Alon; Robinson, David A.; Rodell, Matthew; Rollenbeck, Ruetger; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Ronchail, Josyane; Roquet, F.; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Roth, Chris; Rusak, James A.; Sallee, Jean-bapiste; Sanchez-lugo, Ahira; Santee, Michelle L.; Sarmiento, Jorge L.; Sawaengphokhai, P.; Sayouri, Amal; Scambos, Ted A.; Schemm, Jae; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Schmid, Claudia; Schmid, Martin; Schoeneich, P.; Schreck, Carl J., Iii; Schuur, Ted; Selkirk, H. B.; Send, Uwe; Sensoy, Serhat; Sharp, M.; Shi, Lei; Shiklomanov, Nikolai I.; Shimaraeva, Svetlana V.; Siegel, David A.; Signorini, Sergio R.; Silov, Eugene; Sima, Fatou; Simmons, Adrian J.; Smeed, David A.; Smeets, C. J. P. P.; Smith, Adam; Smith, Sharon L.; Soden, B.; Spence, Jaqueline M.; Srivastava, A. K.; Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.; Stammerjohn, Sharon; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang; Stella, Jose L.; Stennett-brown, Roxann; Stephenson, Tannecia S.; Strahan, Susan; Streletskiy, Dimitri A.; Sun-mack, Sunny; Swart, Sebastiaan; Sweet, William; Tamar, Gerard; Taylor, Michael A.; Tedesco, M.; Thoman, R. L.; Thompson, L.; Thompson, Philip R.; Timmermans, M. -l.; Timofeev, Maxim A.; Tirnanes, Joaquin A.; Tobin, Skie; Trachte, Katja; Trewin, Blair C.; Trotman, Adrian R.; Tschudi, M.; Tweedy, Olga; Van As, D.; Van De Wal, R. S. W.; Van Der Schalie, Robin; Van Der Schrier, Gerard; Van Der Werf, Guido R.; Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J.; Velicogna, I.; Verburg, Piet; Vieira, G.; Vincent, Lucie A.; Voemel, Holger; Vose, Russell S.; Wagner, Wolfgang; Wahlin, Anna; Walker, D. A.; Walsh, J.; Wang, Bin; Wang, Chunzai; Wang, Junhong; Wang, Lei; Wang, M.; Wang, Sheng-hung; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watanabe, Shohei; Weber, Mark; Weller, Robert A.; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Whitewood, Robert; Wiese, David N.; Wijffels, Susan E.; Wilber, Anne C.; Wild, Jeanette D.; Willett, Kate M.; Willie, Shem; Willis, Josh K.; Wolken, G.; Wong, Takmeng; Wood, E. F.; Woolway, R. Iestyn; Wouters, B.; Xue, Yan; Yim, So-young; Yin, Xungang; Yu, Lisan; Zambrano, Eduardo; Zhang, Huai-min; Zhang, Peiqun; Zhao, Guanguo; Zhao, Lin; Ziemke, Jerry R.; Zilberman, Nathalie. |
| In 2016, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth's atmosphere-carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide-continued to increase and reach new record highs. The 3.5 +/- 0.1 ppm rise in global annual mean carbon dioxide from 2015 to 2016 was the largest annual increase observed in the 58-year measurement record. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth's surface surpassed 400 ppm (402.9 +/- 0.1 ppm) for the first time in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800000 years. One of the strongest El Nino events since at least 1950 dissipated in spring, and a weak La Nina evolved later in the year. Owing at least in part to the combination of El Nino conditions early in the year and... |
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| Ano: 2017 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00673/78500/80851.pdf |
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| Arndt, D. S.; Blunden, J.; Hartfield, G.; Ackerman, Steven A.; Adler, Robert; Alfaro, Eric J.; Allan, Richard P.; Allan, Rob; Alves, Lincoln M.; Amador, Jorge A.; Andreassen, L. M.; Argueez, Anthony; Arndt, Derek S.; Azorin-molina, Cesar; Baez, Julian; Bardin, M. U.; Barichivich, Jonathan; Baringer, Molly O.; Barreira, Sandra; Baxter, Stephen; Beck, H. E.; Becker, Andreas; Bedka, Kristopher M.; Bell, Gerald D.; Belmont, M.; Benedetti, Angela; Berrisford, Paul; Berry, David I.; Bhatt, U. S.; Bissolli, Peter; Bjerke, J.; Blake, Eric S.; Bosilovich, Michael G.; Boucher, Olivier; Box, J. E.; Boyer, Tim; Braathen, Geir O.; Bromwich, David H.; Brown, R.; Buehler, S.; Bulygina, Olga N.; Burgess, D.; Calderon, Blanca; Camargo, Suzana J.; Campbell, Jayaka D.; Cappelen, J.; Carrea, Laura; Carter, Brendan R.; Chambers, Don P.; Cheng, Ming-dean; Christiansen, Hanne H.; Christy, John R.; Chung, E. -s.; Clem, Kyle R.; Coelho, Caio A. S.; Coldewey-egbers, Melanie; Colwell, Steve; Cooper, Owen R.; Copland, L.; Crouch, Jake; Davis, Sean M.; De Eyto, Elvira; De Jeu, Richard A. M.; De Laat, Jos; Degasperi, Curtis L.; Degenstein, Doug; Demircan, M.; Derksen, C.; Di Girolamo, Larry; Diamond, Howard J.; Dlugokencky, Ed J.; Dohan, Kathleen; Dokulil, Martin T.; Dolman, A. Johannes; Domingues, Catia M.; Donat, Markus G.; Dong, Shenfu; Dorigo, Wouter A.; Drozdov, D. S.; Dunn, Robert J. H.; Dutton, Geoff S.; Elkharrim, M.; Elkins, James W.; Epstein, H. E.; Espinoza, Jhan C.; Famiglietti, James S.; Farrell, S.; Fausto, R. S.; Feely, Richard A.; Feng, Z.; Fenimore, Chris; Fettweis, X.; Fioletov, Vitali E.; Flemming, Johannes; Fogt, Ryan L.; Folland, Chris; Forbes, B. C.; Foster, Michael J.; Francis, S. D.; Franz, Bryan A.; Frey, Richard A.; Frith, Stacey M.; Froidevaux, Lucien; Ganter, Catherine; Gerland, S.; Gilson, John; Gobron, Nadine; Goldenberg, Stanley B.; Goni, Gustavo; Grooss, J. -u.; Gruber, Alexander; Guard, Charles; Gupta, S. K.; Gutierrez, J. M.; Haas, C.; Hagos, S.; Hahn, Sebastian; Haimberger, Leo; Hall, Brad D.; Halpert, Michael S.; Hamlington, Benjamin D.; Hanna, E.; Hanssen-bauer, I; Harris, Ian; Heidinger, Andrew K.; Heim, Richard R., Jr.; Hendricks, S.; Hernandez, Marieta; Hernandez, Rafael; Hidalgo, Hugo G.; Ho, Shu-peng; Hobbs, William R.; Huang, Boyin; Hurst, Dale F.; Ialongo, I.; Ijampy, J. A.; Inness, Antje; Isaksen, K.; Ishii, Masayoshi; Jevrejeva, Svetlana; Jimenez, C.; Jin Xiangze,; John, Viju; Johns, William E.; Johnsen, B.; Johnson, Bryan; Johnson, Gregory C.; Johnson, Kenneth S.; Jones, Philip D.; Jumaux, Guillaume; Kabidi, Khadija; Kaiser, J. W.; Kato, Seiji; Kazemi, A.; Keller, Linda M.; Kennedy, John; Kerr, Kenneth; Kholodov, A. L.; Khoshkam, Mahbobeh; Killick, Rachel; Kim, Hyungjun; Kim, S. -j.; Klotzbach, Philip J.; Knaff, John A.; Kohler, J.; Korhonen, Johanna; Korshunova, Natalia N.; Kramarova, Natalya; Kratz, D. P.; Kruger, Andries; Kruk, Michael C.; Krumpen, T.; Lakatos, M.; Lakkala, K.; Lander, Mark A.; Landschuetzer, Peter; Landsea, Chris W.; Lankhorst, Matthias; Lazzara, Matthew A.; Leuliette, Eric; L'Heureux, Michelle; Lieser, Jan L.; Lin, I-i; Liu, Hongxing; Liu, Yinghui; Locarnini, Ricardo; Loeb, Norman G.; Long, Craig S.; Lorrey, Andrew M.; Loyola, Diego; Lumpkin, Rick; Luo, Jing-jia; Luojus, K.; Lyman, John M.; Macias-fauria, M.; Malkova, G. V.; Manney, G.; Marchenko, S. S.; Marengo, Jose A.; Marra, John J.; Marszelewski, Wlodzimierz; Martens, B.; Martinez-gueingla, Rodney; Massom, Robert A.; May, Linda; Mayer, Michael; Mazloff, Matthew; Mcbride, Charlotte; Mccabe, M. F.; Mccarthy, M.; Mcvicar, Tim R.; Mears, Carl A.; Meier, W.; Mekonnen, A.; Mengistu Tsidu, G.; Menzel, W. Paul; Merchant, Christopher J.; Meredith, Michael P.; Merrifield, Mark A.; Miralles, Diego G.; Mitchum, Gary T.; Mitro, Srkani; Monselesan, Didier; Montzka, Stephen A.; Mora, Natalie; Morice, Colin; Mote, T.; Mudryk, L.; Muehle, Jens; Mullan, A. Brett; Mueller, R.; Nash, Eric R.; Nerem, R. Steven; Newman, Louise; Newman, Paul A.; Nieto, Juan Jose; Noetzli, Jeannette; O'Neel, S.; Osborn, Tim J.; Overland, J.; Oyunjargal, Lamjav; Park, E-hyung; Pasch, Richard J.; Pascual-ramirez, Reynaldo; Paterson, Andrew M.; Pearce, Petra R.; Pelto, Mauri S.; Perkins-kirkpatrick, Sarah E.; Perovich, D.; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Pezza, Alexandre B.; Phillips, C.; Phillips, David; Phoenix, G.; Pinty, Bernard; Rajeevan, Madhavan; Rayner, Darren; Raynolds, M. K.; Reagan, James; Reid, Phillip; Reimer, Christoph; Remy, Samuel; Revadekar, Jayashree V.; Richter-menge, J.; Rimmer, Alon; Robinson, David A.; Rodell, Matthew; Romanovsky, Vladimir E.; Ronchail, Josyane; Rosenlof, Karen H.; Roth, Chris; Rusak, James A.; Sallee, Jean-bapiste; Sanchez-lugo, Ahira; Santee, Michelle L.; Sawaengphokhai, P.; Sayouri, Amal; Scambos, Ted A.; Schladow, S. Geoffrey; Schmid, Claudia; Schmid, Martin; Schreck, Carl J., Iii; Schuur, Ted; Selkirk, H. B.; Send, Uwe; Sensoy, Serhat; Sharp, M.; Shi, Lei; Shiklomanov, Nikolai I.; Shimaraeva, Svetlana V.; Siegel, David A.; Signorini, Sergio R.; Sima, Fatou; Simmons, Adrian J.; Smeed, David A.; Smeets, C. J. P. P.; Smith, Adam; Smith, Sharon L.; Soden, B.; Spence, Jaqueline M.; Srivastava, A. K.; Stackhouse, Paul W., Jr.; Stammerjohn, Sharon; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang; Stella, Jose L.; Stephenson, Tannecia S.; Strahan, Susan; Streletskiy, Dimitri A.; Sun-mack, Sunny; Swart, Sebastiaan; Sweet, William; Tamar, Gerard; Taylor, Michael A.; Tedesco, M.; Thoman, R. L.; Thompson, L.; Thompson, Philip R.; Timmermans, M. -l.; Tobin, Skie; Trachte, Katja; Trewin, Blair C.; Trotman, Adrian R.; Tschudi, M.; Van As, D.; Van De Wal, R. S. W.; Van Der Schalie, Robin; Van Der Schrier, Gerard; Van Der Werf, Guido R.; Van Meerbeeck, Cedric J.; Velicogna, I.; Verburg, Piet; Vincent, Lucie A.; Voemel, Holger; Vose, Russell S.; Wagner, Wolfgang; Walker, D. A.; Walsh, J.; Wang, Bin; Wang, Chunzai; Wang, Junhong; Wang, Lei; Wang, M.; Wang, Sheng-hung; Wanninkhof, Rik; Watanabe, Shohei; Weber, Mark; Weller, Robert A.; Weyhenmeyer, Gesa A.; Whitewood, Robert; Wiese, David N.; Wijffels, Susan E.; Wilber, Anne C.; Wild, Jeanette D.; Willett, Kate M.; Willis, Josh K.; Wolken, G.; Wong, Takmeng; Wood, E. F.; Woolway, R. Iestyn; Wouters, B.; Xue, Yan; Yin, Xungang; Yu, Lisan; Zambrano, Eduardo; Zhang, Huai-min; Zhang, Peiqun; Zhao, Guanguo; Zhao, Lin; Ziemke, Jerry R.; Abernethy, R.; Albanil, Encarnacion Adelina; Aldeco, Laura S.; Aliaga-nestares, Vannia; Anderson, John; Armitage, C.; Avalos, Grinia; Behe, Carolina; Bellouin, Nicolas; Bernhard, G. H.; Blenkinsop, Stephen; Bolmgren, K.; Bouchon, Marilu; Campbell, Ethan C.; Castro, Anabel; Costanza, Carol; Covey, Curt; Coy, Lawrence; Cronin, T.; Cruzado, Luis; Daniel, Raychelle; Davletshin, S. G.; De La Cour, Jacqueline L.; Deline, P.; Dewitte, Boris; Dhurmea, R.; Dickerson, C.; Domingues, Ricardo; Durre, Imke; Eakin, C. Mark; Farmer, J.; Fauchald, P.; Geiger, Erick F.; Gomez, Andrea M.; Gugliemin, Mario; Hansen, K.; Helfrich, S.; Hemming, D. L.; Heron, Scott F.; Heuze, C.; Horstkotte, T.; Hubert, Daan; Hueuze, Celine; Ibrahim, M. M.; Isaac, Victor; Jacobs, Stephanie J.; Jeffries, Martin O.; Karakoylu, Erdem M.; Khan, M. S.; Ladd, C.; Lavado-casimiro, Waldo; Lee, S. -e; Lee, T. C.; Li, Bailing; Li, Tim; Lopez, Luis A.; Luthcke, S.; Marcellin, Vernie; Marin, Dora; Marsh, Benjamin L.; Martin, A; Martinez, Alejandra G.; Martinez-sanchez, Odalys; Meijers, Andrew J. S.; Miller, Ben; Moat, Ben; Mochizuki, Y.; Mosquera-vasquez, Kobi; Mostafa, Awatif E.; Nielsen-gammon, John W.; Noll, Ben E.; Osborne, Emily; Pastor, Saavedra Maria Asuncion; Paulik, Christoph; Peltier, Alexandre; Pinzon, J.; Po-chedley, S.; Polashenski, C.; Purkey, Sarah G.; Quispe, Nelson; Rakotoarimalala, C.; Richardson, A. D.; Ricker, R; Rodriguez, Camino Ernesto; Rosner, Benjamin; Roth, David Mark; Rutishauser, T.; Sasgen, L.; Sayad, T. A.; Scanlon, T.; Schenzinger, Verena; Silow, Eugene; Skirving, William J.; Sofieva, Viktoria; Sparks, T. H.; Spillane, Sandra; Stanitski, Diane M.; Stengel, M.; Stephenson, Kimberly; Strong, Alan E.; Sutton, Adrienne J.; Takahashi, Kenneth S.; Thackeray, S. J.; Thomson, Lthorsteinsson T.; Timbal, Bertrand; Timofeyev, Maxim A.; Tirak, Kyle, V; Togawa, H.; Tommervik, H.; Tourpali, Kleareti; Trinanes, Joaquin A.; Tucker, C. J.; Tye, Mari R.; Van Der A, Ronald J.; Velden, Christopher S.; Vickers, H.; Webster, M.; Westberry, Toby K.; Widlansky, Matthew J.; Wood, K.; Yoon, Huang; York, A.; Zhu, Zhiwei; Ziel, R.; Ziese, Markus G.. |
| In 2017, the dominant greenhouse gases released into Earth’s atmosphere—carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide— reached new record highs. The annual global average carbon dioxide concentration at Earth’s surface for 2017 was 405.0 ± 0.1 ppm, 2.2 ppm greater than for 2016 and the highest in the modern atmospheric measurement record and in ice core records dating back as far as 800 000 years. The global growth rate of CO2 has nearly quadrupled since the early 1960s. With ENSO-neutral conditions present in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean during most of the year and weak La Niña conditions notable at the start and end, the global temperature across land and ocean surfaces ranked as the second or third highest, depending on the dataset,... |
| Tipo: Text |
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| Ano: 2018 |
URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00677/78863/81163.pdf |
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