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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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| George, Clive; Kirkpatrick, Colin. |
| At the Rio Earth Summit of 1992, governments undertook to develop and adopt national sustainable development strategies, as a key component of implementing the goals of Agenda 21. Only partial progress was reported at the 2002 World Summit in Johannesburg, with uncertainty in the effectiveness of those strategies which had been introduced. This paper describes a methodology for assessing the extent to which a country may be considered to have implemented an effective sustainable development strategy, with the prime aim of identifying weaknesses that need to be addressed. The methodology concentrates on evaluating those strategic planning processes that are operational in a country, taking into account any existing overall strategy document related to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Development. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30582 |
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| Jalilian, Hossein; Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David. |
| The role of an effective regulatory regime in promoting economic growth and development and therefore international business has generated considerable interest among researchers and practitioners in recent years. In particular, building effective regulatory structures in developing countries is not simply an issue of the technical design of the most appropriate regulatory instruments, it is also concerned with the quality of supporting regulatory institutions and capacity. Many of the institutions that support markets are publicly provided and the effectiveness of these regulatory institutions can be expected to be an important determinant of how well markets function. This paper explores the role of regulation in affecting economic outcomes using an... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30689 |
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| Zhang, Yin-Fang; Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David. |
| Over the last two decades electricity sectors in both developed and developing countries have been subject to restructuring to introduce private capital and increase competition. This has been accompanied by the introduction of new regulatory regimes. Although the effects of such reforms in a number of the developed economies are now well documented, apart from a few case studies, the experience of developing countries is much less well researched. This is important because privatisation, competition and the reform of state regulation are key themes in donor aid programmes, notably of the World Bank. This paper provides an econometric assessment of the effects of privatisation, competition and regulation on the performance of the electricity generation... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30593 |
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| Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David; Zhang, Yin-Fang. |
| Rate of return or cost of service regulation was the traditional means by which governments, especially in the USA, regulated profitability and prices in privately-owned public utility businesses. However, rate of return regulation was associated with efficiency disincentives. Hence, in 1983 Professor Stephen Littlechild recommended the use of a price cap to regulate British Telecom when it was privatised. Price caps were later introduced for other privatised utilities in the UK, namely gas, airports, water, electricity and the railways. Similarly, other countries that privatised their utility sectors in the 1980s and 1990s often introduced price cap regimes. This paper reports the results of a questionnaire survey of the methods used to regulate profits... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Developing economies; Transition economies; Regulation; Rate of return; Price cap.; Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30596 |
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| Parker, David; Kirkpatrick, Colin. |
| Privatisation is widely promoted as a means of improving economic performance in developing countries. However, the policy remains controversial and the relative roles of ownership and other structural changes, such as competition and regulation, in promoting economic efficiency remain uncertain. This paper reviews the main econometric and case study evidence on the impact of privatisation on economic performance in developing economies. The evidence reviewed suggests that if privatisation is to improve performance over the longer-term, it needs to be complemented by policies that promote competition and effective state regulation, and that privatisation works best in developing countries when it is integrated into a broader process of structural reform.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Industrial Organization. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30623 |
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| Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David. |
| Trade liberalisation of environmental services under the current WTO General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS) has been widely advocated as a means of increasing private sector participation in the water sector in developing countries. The liberalisation of water services in lower income countries is expected to promote more efficient operation, increase investment and improve service coverage. At the same time, these proposals have been widely criticised, and there has been growing resistance to the liberalisation of water services. This study reviews the evidence on the impact of private sector involvement in the provision of water services in developing countries. A number of reasons why water privatisation may prove problematic in lower-income... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Water services; GATS; Developing countries; Privatisation.; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30600 |
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| Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David. |
| Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) has been adopted in most OECD countries to improve regulatory decision making. RIA involves a systematic appraisal of the costs and benefits associated with a proposed new regulation and evaluation of the performance of existing regulations. Although RIA requires capacity building in terms of regulatory assessment skills, including data collection methods and public consultation practices, it offers the means to improve regulatory practice in low and middle-income countries as well as rich ones. This paper assesses the nature and scope of RIA and the challenges that will be faced in introducing the concept more widely across developing economies. Results from a survey of a small number of middle-income countries suggest... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30646 |
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| Kirkpatrick, Colin; Zhang, Yin-Fang. |
| Regulatory impact assessment (RIA) involves a systematic appraisal of the costs and benefits associated with a proposed new regulation and evaluation of the performance of existing regulations. So far, most research has been concerned with the adoption of RIA in OECD countries. The purpose of this paper is to assess the co tribution that RIA can make to "better regulation" in developing and transition economies. The results reported in this paper from a survey of RIA use in a sample of developing and transition countries suggest that a growing number of low and middle-income countries are beginning to apply some form of regulatory assessment, but that the methods adopted are partial in their application and are not systematically applied across government.... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Regulatory impact assessment; Transition economies; Developing countries; Capacity building.; Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30673 |
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| Parker, David; Kirkpatrick, Colin. |
| Effective and efficient regulation by government is important for economic development. Effective and efficient regulation promotes economic development, while vexatious regulation can cripple it. Many of the problems of developing countries are blamed on ineffective and inefficient government regulation. At the same time, however, understanding of the appropriate institutions and processes of the regulatory state in the context of developing countries remains underdeveloped. Studies to date tend to be of a case study nature and generalising the findings is restricted by the lack of a coherent theoretical framework. This paper attempts to develop a methodology for researching regulation in developing countries, drawing from the economics of regulation... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Public Economics. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30665 |
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| Kirkpatrick, Colin; Parker, David; Zhang, Yin-Fang. |
| Under pressure from donor agencies such as the World Bank, a number of developing countries have experimented with the privatisation of water services. This study reviews the existing econometric evidence on the effects of water privatisation in developing economies before presenting new results using statistical, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and stochastic cost frontier techniques and data from Africa. The study finds evidence of better performance in private utilities compared to state-owned utilities according to the statistical and DEA performance measures. But no statistically significant cost differences were discovered between private and public suppliers in the stochastic cost frontier analysis. The paper then considers reasons why water... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30604 |
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| George, Clive; Kirkpatrick, Colin. |
| Sustainability Impact Assessment (SIA) is an increasingly accepted form of strategic impact assessment, and has recently been adopted, for example, as the preferred method of ex ante policy assessment in the European Community. A methodology for SIA for application to international trade policy measures was developed by IDPM in 1999, and since then has been used in conducting an ongoing SIA study of the WTO trade negotiations agenda. This paper will review the past four years' experience in carrying out SIA of trade policy, and will identify the main difficulties and challenges that have arisen in its application. The main lessons for the further development of the methodology will then be discussed. |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30587 |
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| Registros recuperados: 23 | |
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