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| Registros recuperados: 67 | |
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| Shao, L.; Griffiths, P.R.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| The automated quantification of three greenhouse gases, ammonia, methane and nitrous oxide, in the vicinity of a large dairy farm by open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP/FT-IR) spectrometry at intervals of 5 minutes is demonstrated. Spectral pretreatment, including the detection and correction of the effect of interrupting the infrared beam is by a moving object, and ways of correcting for the effect, and correction for the nonlinear detector response are applied to the measured interferograms. Two ways of obtaining quantitative data from OP/FT-IR data are described. The first, which is installed in commercial OP/FT-IR spectrometers, is based on classical least squares (CLS) regression and the second is based on partial least squares (PLS)... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1422/1/1392.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| Endotoxins are derived from gram-negative bacteria and are a potential respiratory health risk for animals and humans. To determine the potential for endotoxin transport from a large open-lot dairy, total airborne endotoxin concentrations were determined at an upwind location (background) and five downwind locations on three separate days. The downwind locations were situated at of the edge of the lot, 200 and 1390 m downwind from the lot, and downwind from a manure composting area and wastewater holding pond. When the wind was predominantly from the west, the average endotoxin concentration at the upwind location was 24 endotoxin units (EU) m?3, whereas at the edge of the lot on the downwind side it was 259 EU m?3. At 200 and 1390 m downwind... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1330/1/1307.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| Endotoxins are derived from gram-negative bacteria and are a potent inducer of inflammatory reactions in the respiratory tract when inhaled. To assess daily fluctuations of airborne endotoxin and their potential for transport from dairies, endotoxin concentrations were monitored over an 8-h period at upwind (background) and downwind (5 m from edge of dairy) locations on three separate days at two dairies. The dairies consisted of an open-lot or an open-freestall production system, both of which were stocked with 10,000 milking cows. Upwind concentrations were stable throughout the sampling period, averaging between 1.2 and 36.8 endotoxin units (EU) m-3, whereas downwind concentration averages ranged from 179 to 989 EU-3. Downwind endotoxin concentrations... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions; Endotoxins; Manure Management. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1411/1/1381.pdf |
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| Miguel, Roberto E.; Ippolito, J.A.; Leytem, A.B.; Porta A, Atilio; Noriega, Roxana B. Banda; Dungan, R.S.. |
| Waste molding and core sands from the foundry industry have been successfully used around the world as byproducts in geotechnical and agricultural applications. Although waste foundry sands (WFSs) are generally not considered hazardous in nature, relevant data are not available in Argentina. This study aimed to quantify metals in waste molding and core sands from foundries using a variety of metal-binder combinations. Metal concentrations in WFSs were compared to those in virgin silica sands (VSSs), surface soil and soil guidance levels according to hazardous waste law 24.051 from the Argentinean Secretariat of Environment and Sustainable Development. A total analysis for Ag, Al, Ba, Be, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Te, Tl, V, and Zn... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Foundry sand. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1462/1/1427.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Leytem, A.B.; Verwey, S.; Bjorneberg, D.L.. |
| Increased bioaerosol loadings in downwind plumes from concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs) may increase the risk for allergy and infection in humans. In this study we monitored airborne concentrations of culturable bacteria and fungi at upwind (background) and downwind sites at a 10,000 milking cow dairy over the course of a year. The average bacterial concentrations at the upwind site were 8,400 colony forming units (CFU)/cubic meter and increased to 990,000 CFU/cubic meter at the downwind edge of the cattle pens, decreasing to 63,000 CFU/cubic meter 200 m farther downwind. At the same sites, the average fungal concentrations were 515, 945, and 1010 CFU/cubic meter, respectively. Significant correlations between the ambient weather data and... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure Management; Air Emissions; Bioaerosols. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1403/1/1373.pdf |
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| Leytem, A.B.; Bjorneberg, D.L.; Sheffield, R.E.; de Haro Marti, M.E.. |
| The volatilization of NH3 from landapplied manure is not only a loss of valuable N, but also an air quality concern because NH3 plays a role in the formation of airborne particulate matter, which can be a health hazard. The relative differences in potential NH3 losses from land application of liquid dairy manure were determined via 3 methods: surface application, Aerway incorporation (shallow incorporation with a rolling tine aerator), and subsurface injection. Liquid manure was applied at a rate of 190 m3/ha on 4 farms with average N and P application rates ranging from 28 to 130 kg N/ha and 6 to 36 kg P/ha, respectively. Average NH3 concentrations were measured with passive samplers for 3 d after manure application and ranged from 0.03 to 0.21 mg... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Soil; Manure; Animal; Soil quality. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1366/1/1343.pdf |
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| Leytem, A.B.; Dungan, R.S.; Bjorneberg, D.L.. |
| The volatilization of NH3 from dairy production facilities is not only a loss of valuable N, but also an air quality concern because NH3 plays a role in the formation of airborne particulate matter, which can be a health hazard. The ambient NH3 concentrations over several seasons at 3 locations (open lots, compost yard, lagoon) throughout a large openlot dairy were determined, as well as the spatial distribution of NH3 over the open-lot area. There was a significant main effect of location (P < 0.0001), which followed the trend of lot > lagoon = compost > background, with averages of 0.58, 0.33, 0.30, and 0.04 mg NH3/m3, respectively. The effect of weather and lot conditions on the spatial distribution of NH3 across the lots was evident, with... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure; Soil; Animal. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1367/1/1344.pdf |
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| Leytem, A.B.; Bjorneberg, D.L.. |
| Intensification of the dairy industry in southern Idaho had led to the over-application of manures and a buildup of soil phosphorus (P) which is a potential threat to water quality in the region. As the use of alum has been shown to reduce both soluble manure P and runoff P from alum treated manures, the objective of this study was to determine if surface applications of alum to dairy manure and compost prior to soil incorporation would reduce P losses under furrow irrigation on a calcareous soil. The effects of manure, compost, and fertilizer application with and without alum treatment on soil P, runoff P and aluminum (Al) under furrow irrigation, crop yield, tissue P concentrations and P removal over a four year period were investigated in Kimberly, ID,... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure; Calcareous soil; Phosphorous. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1432/1/1332.pdf |
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| Koehn, A.C.; Leytem, A.B.; Bjorneberg, D.L.. |
| Inverse dispersion models are useful tools for estimating emissions from animal feeding operations, waste storage ponds, and manure application fields. Atmospheric stability is an important input parameter to such models. The objective of this study was to compare emission rates calculated with a backward Lagrangian stochastic (bLS) inversedispersion model (WindTrax) using three different methods for calculating atmospheric stability: sonic anemometer, gradient Richardson number, and Pasquill-Gifford (P-G) stability class. Ammonia and methane emission data from a compost yard at a 10,000-cow dairy were used for the comparisons. Overall, average emission rates were not significantly different among the stability methods. Emission rates correlated well... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions. |
| Ano: 2013 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1490/1/1454.pdf |
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| Lehrsch, G.A.; Brown, B.; Lentz, R.D.; Johnson-Maynard, J.L.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| To maximize recoverable sucrose from sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), producers must effectively manage added nitrogen (N), whether it be from urea or organic sources such as manure or composted manure. Our multi-site study’s objective was to determine the effects of a one-time application of stockpiled and composted dairy cattle manure on sugarbeet N uptake, N recovery (NR) and N use efficiency (NUE). First-year treatments at Site 1 included a control (no N), urea (202 kg N/ha), compost (218 and 435 kg estimated available N/ha), and manure (140 and 280 kg available N/ha). Site 2 treatments were a control, urea (82 kg N/ha), compost (81 and 183 kg available N/ha), and manure (173 and 340 kg available N/ha). Compost and manure were incorporated into two... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Sugarbeet; Application guidelines; Manure. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1600/1/1558.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Leytem, A.B.; Bjorneberg, D.L.. |
| Confined animal production systems produce elevated bioaerosol concentrations, which are a potential respiratory health risk to individuals on site and downwind. In this study, airborne endotoxin and microorganisms were collected during the spring, summer, and fall at a large open-freestall dairy in southern Idaho. Compared to the background ambient atmosphere, both endotoxin and culturable heterotrophic bacteria concentrations were up to several-hundred fold greater 50 m downwind from the facility, then decreased to near background concentrations at 200 m. However, downwind fungi concentrations were not elevated above background concentrations. At 50 m downwind, the average inhalable endotoxin concentration ranged from 4.6 to 4243 endotoxin units/cubic... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions; Manure. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1437/1/1404.pdf |
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| Lentz, R.D.; Lehrsch, G.A.; Brown, Bradford; Johnson-Maynard, J.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| Efficient recycling of abundant manure resources from regional dairy industries in the semiarid West requires a better understanding of N availability in manure-amended soils. We measured net N mineralization using buried bags, and crop biomass, N uptake, and yields for sprinkler-irrigated, whole (noneroded) and eroded Portneuf soils (coarse-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocalcid) subject to a one-time manure application. Treatments included a control, fertilizer, two rates of composted dairy manure (28.4, 64.3 Mg ha–1, dry wt.), and two rates of stockpiled dairy manure (23.3, 45.7 Mg ha–1, dry wt.) applied in the fall before the Year 1 cropping season. Plots were planted to sugarbeet (Beta vulgaris L.), winter wheat (Triticum... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Manure; Amendments; Nitrogen. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1420/1/1390.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| Purple sulfur bacteria (PSB) in livestock wastewaters use reduced sulfur compounds and simple volatile organics as growth factors. As a result, the presence of PSB in manure storage ponds or lagoons is often associated with reduced odors. In this study, our objectives were to use molecular- and culture-based techniques to evaluate the occurrence of PSB in eight dairy wastewater ponds and identify physiochemical properties that might cause blooms to occur. Community DNA was extracted from composited wastewater samples, then the PufM gene and a conservative sequence for Chromatiaceae were amplified. Analysis of the 16S rRNA genes from denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) bands indicated that all of the dairy wastewater ponds contained sequences... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions. |
| Ano: 2015 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1604/1/1562.pdf |
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| Leytem, A.B.; Taylor, J.B.; Raboy, V.; Plumstead, P.W.. |
| Greater production demands for ruminants require increased dietary inclusion of high-energy feeds. Grains and oil seeds are most commonly used to enhance diet energy density. However, use of such feeds proportionally increases the amount of dietary phytate phosphorus (P), which the ruminant may not be able to fully utilise. Our objectives for this study were to determine the extent of phytate degradation and mineral digestion in wethers fed high-grain diets consisting of either a non-mutant or low-phytate mutant barley grain. In two separate experiments, mature Columbia wethers (n = 7) fitted with rumen and duodenal cannulas and Columbia × Polypay wether lambs (n = 8) were individually fed one of two finishing diets formulated with either non-mutant... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Animal health; Animal. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1282/1/1259.pdf |
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| Niu, M; Appuhamy, J.A.D.R.N; Leytem, A.B.; Dungan, R.S.; Kebreab, Ermias. |
| The study aimed to examine, simultaneously, the effects of changing dietary forage and crude protein (CP) contents on methane (CH4) emissions and nitrogen (N) excretion from lactating dairy cows. Twelve post-peak lactating Holstein cows were randomly assigned to 4 treatments from a 2×2 factorial arrangement of two dietary forage levels [37.4% (LF) vs. 53.3% (HF) of DM] and two dietary CP levels [15.2% (LP) vs. 18.5% (HP) of DM] in a 4×4 Latin square design with four 18 d periods. Alfalfa hay was the sole source of dietary forage. Cows were fed and milked twice daily. During the first 14 d, cows were housed in a free-stall barn, where enteric CH4 emissions were measured using the GreenFeed system from d 8 to 14 in each period. Cows were then moved to... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Air Emissions; Animal Production; Feed preference; Animal. |
| Ano: 2016 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1618/1/1575.pdf |
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| Dungan, R.S.; Bjorneberg, D.L.; Leytem, A.B.. |
| In this study we conducted simulated spray irrigation events of dairy wastewater to assess the impact of pressure and sprinkler type upon post-sprinkler culturable microorganism concentrations. Dairy wastewater was sampled before and after it was pumped through sprinklers typically used on center pivot irrigation systems. Three different sprinklers types were used at three different operating pressures to give a range of water drop sizes. The microorganisms quantified in this study were total coliforms, Escherichia coli, Clostridium perfringens, heterotrophic bacteria, and coliphage. In most cases the pre- and post-sprinkler concentrations were determined to be statistically similar, suggesting that culturable viability was not affected when wastewater... |
| Tipo: Article |
Palavras-chave: Sprinkler irrigation; Manure. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://eprints.nwisrl.ars.usda.gov/1444/1/1409.pdf |
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| Registros recuperados: 67 | |
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