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A NONPARAMETRIC EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF CALIFORNIA COTTON GINNING COOPERATIVES 31
Caputo, Michael R.; Lynch, Lori.
In the spirit of Leamer'’s commitment to sensitivity analysis, we employ Farrell'’s nonparametric efficiency methodology and compare our results with those of Sexton, Wilson, and Wann. Testing the implicit assumption of technical efficiency in the methodology employed by Sexton, Wilson, and Wann, we find that the lack of technical efficiency is the cotton gins'’ main cause of overall inefficiency. We extend the nonparametric methodology by subjecting the shadow prices of technical efficiency to nonparametric statistical tests to draw stronger conclusions. In addition, the nonparametric methodology permits us to make gin-specific recommendations to improve the performance of the gins.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness.
Ano: 1993 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/30966
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A RELATIVE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS 31
Lynch, Lori; Musser, Wesley N..
Using an inverted Farrell methodology, we analyze the relative efficiency of five agricultural land preservation programs in three counties of Maryland in achieving the stated goals of maximum acreage, threatened parcels, and productive farms. Regression analysis is then used to compare the programs both within and between counties.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Farmland preservation; Efficiency analysis; Productivity Analysis; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21639
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A RELATIVE EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS 31
Lynch, Lori; Musser, Wesley N..
While agricultural land preservation programs seek to maximize number of acres, to preserve productive farms, to preserve contiguous farms, and to preserve threatened farms, they are often evaluated solely on the number of acres preserved. Using a Farrell efficiency analysis, preserved parcels in four Maryland counties were evaluated for all four goals. Comparisons are made between program Econometric analysis used these efficiency measures as dependent variables. Parcel size and productive farms were the most frequently used criteria to determine efficiency. In addition, purchase of development right programs were most successful in trading off objectives.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28592
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An Evaluation of Working Land and Open Space Preservation Programs in Maryland: Are They Paying Too Much? 31
Lynch, Lori; Gray, Wayne; Geoghegan, Jacqueline.
Farmland preservation programs compensate landowners who enroll for the value lost due to the the restrictions on development applied to their land. These restrictions in principle decrease the value of the land. Yet few studies have found strong statistical evidence that preserved parcels sell for lower prices than unpreserved parcels. We use both a hedonic and a propensity score method to find that preserved parcels sell for 11.4 to 19.8% less than identical unpreserved parcels in Maryland. While significant, a decrease of less than 20% in land value is surprisingly small. If impacts to land value are small, could programs pay landowners less to enroll and thus enroll more land?
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6887
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ANALYZING AGRICULTURAL LANDOWNERS' WILLINGNESS TO INSTALL STREAMSIDE BUFFERS 31
Lynch, Lori; Hardie, Ian W.; Parker, Douglas D..
Many watershed organizations have prioritized establishing streamside (riparian) buffers on agricultural land to improve water quality. Using data from a 2000 survey of 500 Maryland landowners, we examine what level of financial incentives they would require to install such buffers for 15 years on a voluntary basis. A random utility model is developed where a landowner is willing to accept the offered contract if he or she receives a higher utility from the incentive payment and buffer installation than from not planting the buffer. Given the development pressure in the Washington D.C./Baltimore corridor, we test whether farmers need more than the agricultural opportunity costs to encumber their land. Higher incentive payments, part-time farming,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28570
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CAPITALIZATION OF FARMLAND PRESERVATION PROGRAMS INTO FARMLAND PRICES 31
Nickerson, Cynthia J.; Lynch, Lori.
This paper examines whether permanent farmland preservation programs are capitalized into farmland prices. We consider the landowner's decision to voluntarily participate and correct for sample selection bias in our estimation of sales prices. Initial results suggest development restrictions resulting from participation in these programs are fully capitalized into farmland prices.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 1998 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20877
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Capitalization of Open Spaces into Housing Values and the Residential Property Tax Revenue Impacts of Agricultural Easement Programs 31
Bucholtz, Shawn; Geoghegan, Jacqueline; Lynch, Lori.
Using a unique spatial database, a hedonic model is developed to estimate the value to nearby residents of open space purchased through agricultural preservation programs in three Maryland counties. After correcting for endogeneity and spatial autocorrelation, the estimated coefficients are used to calculate the potential changes in housing values for a given change in neighborhood open space following an agricultural easement purchase. Then, using the current residential property tax for each parcel, the expected increase in county tax revenue is computed and this revenue is compared to the cost of preserving the lands.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31352
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Competition-Based Environmental Policy: An Analysis of Farmland Preservation in Maryland 31
Horowitz, John K.; Lynch, Lori; Stocking, Andrew.
This paper studies bidder behavior in an innovative program in which farmers compete to sell their development rights to the State. We derive a reduced form bidding model that includes both private value and common value components. This model allows us to estimate the role of bidder competition, the winner’s curse correction, and the underlying distribution of private values. We find that competition reducelers adjust for a possible winner’s curse by increasing their bids by roughly 10 percent over their reservation values. Using the inferred reservation values, we compare this program to an alternative take-it-or-leave-it offer. We find that a take-it-or-leave-it offer of 50 percent of development values would have preserved more farmland for an...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Farmland preservation; First-price auctions; Interdependent values; Winners curse; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7340
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De-emphasis on Cooperatives in Introductory Economics Textbooks 31
Lynch, Lori; Urban, Marliee; Sommer, Robert.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Teaching/Communication/Extension/Profession.
Ano: 1989 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/46227
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Desirability, Challenges, and Methods of Protecting Farmland 31
Lynch, Lori.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use; Q24; Q28; R14.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94683
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Do Agricultural Preservation Programs Affect Farmland Conversion? 31
Liu, Xiangping; Lynch, Lori.
More than 124 governmental entities concerned about suburban sprawl and farmland loss have implemented farmland preservation programs preserving 1.67 million acres at a cost of $3.723 billion. We ask how effective are these programs in slowing the rate of farmland loss. Using a unique 50-year 269 county panel data set on preservation programs and farmland loss for six Mid-Atlantic States, we employ the propensity score matching method to find strong empirical evidence that these programs have had a statistically significant effect on the rate of farmland loss. Preservation programs on average decrease the rate of farmland loss by 2.4 percentage points; a 33% decrease from the average 5-year rate of 7.31%.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural preservation programs; Farmland; Propensity score; Farmland conversion; Urban-rural interface; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9764
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Do Agricultural Preservation Programs Affect Farmland Conversion? Evidence from a Propensity Score Matching Estimator 31
Liu, Xiangping; Lynch, Lori.
More than 124 governmental entities concerned about suburban sprawl and farmland loss have implemented farmland preservation programs preserving 1.67 million acres at a cost of $3.723 billion. Yet little analysis on these programs' effectiveness in slowing farmland loss has been conducted. Using a unique 50-year 269 county panel data set on preservation programs and farmland loss for six Mid-Atlantic States, we employ the propensity score matching method to find strong empirical evidence that these programs have had a statistically significant effect on the rate of farmland loss. Preservation programs on average decrease the rate of farmland loss by 3 percentage points; a 43% decrease from the average rate of 7.31%.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28569
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DO AGRICULTURAL PRESERVATION PROGRAMS AND PREFERENTIAL PROPERTY TAX PROGRAMS AFFECT FARMLAND CONVERSION? 31
Lynch, Lori.
This paper examines the impact of having a preservation program on the rate of farmland loss for a 50 year period (1949-1997) in six Mid-Atlantic States: Delaware, Maryland, New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Virginia. Because farmland loss is affected by changing agricultural profitability, demand for land for non-agricultural purposes, and farmers' alternative employment opportunities, we include variables to control for these factors as well. Because a high rate of farmland loss may actually be the reason a county or state begins a preservation program, we need to determine if this endogeniety is causing biased and inconsistent results. If farmland preservation programs are only in counties with a high rate of farmland loss, then we need to...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22100
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Do women and minorities earn less due to occupational segregation, lower wages, or fewer hours? 31
Lynch, Lori; Perloff, Jeffrey M..
Using consistently estimated occupational, wage, and hours equations, we calculate earnings differentials by gender, race, and ethnicity. For example, if the market treated women like men, the average women would have earned $133 more per week so that American women would have earned $338 billion more per year. We decompose the earnings differential into wage, hours, and occupational effects. Occupational segregation explains little of the earnings differential for women, but roughly a fifth of the differential for black and Hispanic men. For all groups, within-occupation wage discrimination is responsible for most of the earnings differential.
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Employment; Labor and Human Capital.
Ano: 1994 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47277
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Does Targeting a Designated Area Crowd out the other Preservation Programs’ Efforts? 31
Liu, Xiangping; Lynch, Lori.
Maryland has introduced a number of land preservation programs over the past 40 years to permanently preserve resource lands. Although new programs can increase the number of acres being preserved, they might have unintended impact on land preservation due to interaction with existing land preservation programs. The Maryland Rural Legacy program began in 1997 by designating large contiguous blocks of land and focusing its preservation efforts only in those areas. The program’s could attract existing programs to shift their preservation effort into this designated rural legacy areas if there exist economy of scale or they subsidized existing programs’ effort through matching funds. Alternatively, it could crowd out the others’ preservation efforts in these...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Crowding effects; Designated preservation areas; Land preservation; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q18; Q24; Q28; Q58.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/49339
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DOES THE FARM SECTOR HAVE A CRITICAL MASS? 31
Lynch, Lori; Carpenter, Janet.
We examine if the farm sector has a critical mass. If a critical mass of farmland acres is needed to sustain a viable agricultural sector, agriculture profits may decline once a region has dropped below this threshold, causing the rate of farmland loss to accelerate. Agricultural census and population and housing census data were assembled as a panel by county and five-year time periods for the 50-year period (1949-1997) for six Mid-Atlantic States. Three random effects models were estimated. The general model indicates that having less than 189,240 harvested cropland acres accelerates a county's rate of farmland loss. As acres increase by 10% (5,400 acres), the 5-year loss rate decreases from the predicted 7.9% to 7.67%. As sales and percent change...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/28552
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Economic Benefits of Farmland Preservation: Evidence from the United States 31
Lynch, Lori; Duke, Joshua M..
For the last 50 years, local, state and the federal governments have expressed concerns about farmland retention. Four benefits have been used to warrant farmland preservation programs: food security and local food supply, viable local agricultural economy, environmental and rural amenities, and sound fiscal policy and orderly development. We explore the available evidence of how well farmland preservation programs have provided these benefits. Research suggests that people clearly desire farmland preservation programs and express a willingness to pay for the environmental and rural amenities provided. Some evidence has been found that farmland preservation programs can benefit the local economy and/or have no negative impacts relative to other economic...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Farmland preservation; Food security; Environmental amenities; Rural amenities; Land Economics/Use.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7342
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Effect of a Differentially Applied Environmental Regulation on Agricultural Trade Patterns and Production Location: The Case of Methyl Bromide 31
Lynch, Lori; Malcolm, Scott A.; Zilberman, David.
It has been hypothesized that differentially applied environmental regulations create pollution havens, as firms will choose to invest in countries with lax environmental standards. Using a theoretical model of pest control adoption and an empirical spatial equilibrium model, we examine one such environmental regulation, a U.S. ban on methyl bromide, to determine if an agricultural pollution haven will be created in Mexico. Alterations in agricultural production location, trade patterns, and methyl bromide use are determined. We find that, under the assumptions held, Mexico will not dramatically increase its use of methyl bromide following the ban. Sensitivity analysis to this result is conducted.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Trade; Environmental regulations; Methyl bromide; Production location; Spatial equilibrium model; Pesticide adoption; Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10202
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Exotic Pests and Trade: When Is Pest-Free Status Certification Worthwhile? 31
Lichtenberg, Erik; Lynch, Lori.
Pest-free status certification is desirable if the demand-side impacts (increased export revenue) and supply-side impacts (lower pest damage and decreased ongoing control costs) exceed the compliance monitoring and eradication costs. Thus, eradication may be optimal without certification. Certification is more likely for regions facing costly treatment requirements (bans) or possessing geographic traits that lower monitoring costs and infestation probabilities than for those exporting higher-valued products. Certification benefits producers but hurts consumers. Thus, political feasibility may be greater if domestic consumption is a small share of the market and if the additional tax burden of certification programs is light.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Exotic pests; Invasive species; Pest-free area; Eradication; Sanitary/phytosanitary regulations; International Relations/Trade.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10182
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EXPLAINING DEER POPULATION PREFERENCES: AN ANALYSIS OF FARMERS, HUNTERS AND THE GENERAL PUBLIC 31
Curtis, John A.; Lynch, Lori.
Wildlife managers must consider the public's preferences for wildlife population levels when determining management policies. In 1996, Maryland farmers, hunters and the general public were surveyed to determine their preferences for increasing, maintaining, or decreasing deer population numbers. Using a random utility theoretic framework with an ordered response probit model, the factors that explain preferences such as residential location, socioeconomic characteristics, landscape damage, agricultural yield loss and vehicle accidents were analyzed.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31616
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