|
|
|
| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
|
|
| Ivanic, Maros; Martin, William J.. |
| The proximate cause of the collapse of the Doha Agenda negotiations in 2008 was disagreement over the volume-based Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM). This measure would provide a right, but not an obligation, for developing countries to impose a duty when imports increase. While many simulations of its impact on domestic prices are available, there appear to be no analyses of its potential impacts on the welfare of poor households. Whether such a safeguard will increase or reduce poverty can only be determined empirically—if there are enough small, poor farmers who are net sellers of the commodity when the duty is imposed, then imposition of a safeguard duty may reduce poverty. If, by contrast, most small, poor farmers are net buyers of the products... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103969 |
| |
|
|
| Martin, William J.. |
| Random variation in output may lead to serious bias in cost function estimates. Despite the availability of simple, consistent instrumental variable estimators to deal with this problem, most empirical studies appear to have ignored this errors-in-variables problem, or dealt with it in an ad hoc manner. In this note, an instrumental variable approach is suggested, and applied to the estimation of cost-output relationships for a sample of irrigated citrus farms. Ordinary least squares was found to result in a statistically significant bias. Although this bias did not alter the economic interpretation of the results for the sample used, the bias is likely to be more serious for samples with greater chance variation in output. Thus, it is argued that all cost... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis. |
| Ano: 1983 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/12514 |
| |
|
|
| Martin, William J.; Anderson, Kym. |
| A successful agreement on agriculture is critical for an overall agreement under the Doha negotiations. But before the final agreement is known, some critical decisions must be made about issues such as resumption of the negotiations, and the key tradeoffs to be made following resumption. We consider four of the most controversial areas of the agricultural negotiations: the relative importance of domestic support, market access and export subsidies; the sensitive-product exceptions sought for all countries; the additional special product exceptions sought for developing countries; and the proposed special safeguard mechanism. We show that the decisions made on reform in these areas will have a critical influence on whether the negotiations achieve their... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9467 |
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Anderson, Kym; Dimaranan, Betina V.; Hertel, Thomas W.; Martin, William J.. |
| Rapid industrialization in East Asia, particularly China, is raising questions about who will feed the region in the next century and how Asia will be able to pay for its food imports. The paper ®rst reviews existing food sector projections and then takes an economy-wide perspective using projections to 2005, based on the global CGE model known as GTAP. After showing the impact of implementing the Uruguay Round, the paper explores several alternative scenarios. A slowdown in farm productivity growth is shown to be costly to the world economy, as is slower economic growth in China. Failure to honour Uruguay Round obligations to open textile and clothing markets in OECD countries would reduce East Asia's industrialization and thereby slow its net imports of... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118006 |
| |
|
|
| Ahmed, Syud Amer; Hertel, Thomas W.; Martin, William J.. |
| Climate volatility affects agricultural variability, and extreme climate outcomes have the potential to detrimentally affect food supply and prices in a given country. International trade has the potential to reduce the impacts of climate-induced food production variability, although it may further expose the country to international price volatility. This study focuses on Tanzania and finds that global production volatility currently has very little effect on domestic grain prices due to the country’s limited integration with the international grains market. Almost all the price volatility in grains is attributable to domestic production volatility. At the same time, an export ban that was a response to the 2007-2008 food price crisis increases potential... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61818 |
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
| |
|
|
| Ivanic, Maros; Martin, William J.. |
| Constraints on resources, growth in demand, and a slowdown in agricultural productivity raise concerns that food prices may rise substantially over the next decades. The impacts of such higher prices on the poor and the required mitigating policy responses to this problem remain unclear. This paper uses a global general equilibrium model, projections of global growth and microeconomic household models, to project potential implications for incomes, food production and poverty. We find that higher agricultural productivity would generally lower poverty, with different impacts depending where the productivity growth occurs, while protection policies that reduce imports would generally raise poverty. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Poverty; Growth; Projections; Agricultural and Food Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61098 |
| |
|
|
| Martin, William J.. |
| Recent discussion of the process of policy reform has tended to focus on public and private interest theories of public choice as alternative models. The analysis of Australian agricultural policy presented in this paper draws on several extensions of the private interest model including the contractarian framework, extra-rational considerations such as moral attitudes and the desire to participate. Recent agricultural policy reforms in Australia are examined in the light of those theories. This examination highlights the importance of ideas and changes in the rules for policy formulation in influencing policy outcomes. In some cases the private interest theory appears to offer an adequate explanation while, in others, it provides only a partial... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22355 |
| |
|
|
| Jean, Sebastien; Laborde, David; Martin, William J.. |
| The current negotiating framework for WTO negotiations on agriculture includes flexibilities for "sensitive" products to be chosen by the importer. Without knowing which products their partners are likely to select, WTO members cannot assess the implications of an agreement for their market access opportunities. In this paper, we begin by specifying a Grossman-Helpman type political-economy welfare function, and use this to determine which products are likely to be selected as sensitive products. Assuming these products are subjected to smaller reduction in protection, we find that allowing even 2 percent of tariff lines to be treated as sensitive can greatly reduce the impact of an agreement on market access. This problem is, in part, a consequence of... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18860 |
| |
|
|
| Roberts, Roland K.; Martin, William J.. |
| Interest has grown in analyzing the impact of national imports of foreign beef on state agricultural sectors. In this study, an interfaced Hawaiian-national model is simulated for a change in national beef imports. Hawaiian and national impacts demonstrate wide variation in both sign and magnitude. Usefulness of state models is emphasized for situations where state impacts of national policies are of interest. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1984 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/29735 |
| |
|
|
| Martin, William J.; Porter, Darrell. |
| Quarterly data from 1962 to 1983 for beef, lamb, mutton, pig meat and poultry were used to test for constancy in the structure of meat demand in Australia. The cumulative sum, cumulative sum of squares and Farley-Hinich tests were applied to a range of models to ensure that any rejection of stability was not due to an inappropriate functional form or omitted dynamics. Little evidence was found of a marked swing away from consumption of any meat, with the exception of mutton. The results suggest that changes in prices and in total consumer expenditure are far more important than changes in tastes as determinants of meat consumption. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Marketing. |
| Ano: 1985 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/22511 |
| |
| Registros recuperados: 26 | |
|
|
|
