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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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| Anania, Giovanni; McCalla, Alex F.. |
| When modeling discriminatory trade policies -- such as targeted embargoes, selective quotas, targeted export or import subsidies, or preferential trading agreements -- failure to explicitly include assumptions about arbitraging behavior may yield to misleading results. Quadratic programming (QP), Non Linear Programming (NLP), and Vector Sandwich (VS) models implicitly set the rules regarding the possibility of simultaneous exporting and importing. The result is that many analysis using these models may lead to poor results because the models contain implicit limits on arbitraging which may be at variance with the actual policies and/or country behavior. The paper introduces an alternative spatial model. Its main features are that countries are allowed to... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Trade; Spatial models; Arbitraging; Discriminatory trade policy; Embargo; Preferential tariff; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1989 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51254 |
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| McCalla, Alex F.. |
| The World Trade Organization (WTO) Agreement on Agriculture was signed in June 1994. It accomplished two things: it brought agricultural trade under the rules of WTO, and it set schedules for reducing barriers to trade under the three pillars of liberalization--market access, export assistance, and domestic support. Nine years later there has been precious little liberalization. The new Doha Round has ambitious objectives for agricultural trade liberalization. However, given recent behavior by rich developed countries, it seems unlikely that developing countries will get increased access to Northern markets or reduced competition from subsidized exports, despite their now representing a majority of WTO members. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural trade; Barriers; Distortions; Improved access; Liberalization; Policy; Protection; WTO; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31067 |
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| Barichello, Richard R.; Bivings, Leigh; Carter, Colin A.; Josling, Timothy E.; Lindsey, Patricia J.; McCalla, Alex F.. |
| This is one of two papers commissioned by the International Agricultural Trade Research Consortium on various aspects related to the agricultural sector of a prospective North American Free Trade Agreement. The companion paper to this one has been prepared by a working group chaired by Thomas Grennes, North Carolina State University. To minimize duplication with the Grennes paper, this paper has given greater attention to the general trade policy issues raised by a NAFTA, institutional factors, additional commodity detail in cereals, fruit and vegetables, and the relevance of other regional trade agreements such as the Canada-U.S. Trade Agreement. This work has also benefitted from an earlier report and its annexes, prepared for the Fraser Institute,... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1991 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14619 |
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| Gifford, Michael N.; McCalla, Alex F.; Meilke, Karl D.. |
| Many commentators assume that the WTO Doha Round negotiations have already failed and that this failure will not matter for Canadian agriculture. Neither view is correct. Most countries appear willing to make the effort needed to bring the negotiations to a make or break point in early 2008. If the Doha Round does eventually fail, an important opportunity to make the agricultural trading system significantly less distorted, more open and fair will have been lost. For Canadian agriculture, the failure to move the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) forward has more serious consequences than just missing the chance to improve the rules governing agricultural trade; it could signal a return to increased protectionism, more managed trade, a return to competitive... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6129 |
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| Gifford, Michael N.; McCalla, Alex F.; Meilke, Karl D.. |
| Many commentators assume that the WTO Doha Round negotiations have already failed and that this failure will not matter for Canadian agriculture. Neither view is correct. Most countries appear willing to make the effort needed to bring the negotiations to a make or break point in early 2008. If the Doha Round does eventually fail, an important opportunity to make the agricultural trading system significantly less distorted, more open and fair will have been lost. For Canadian agriculture, the failure to move the Doha Development Agenda (DDA) forward has more serious consequences than just missing the chance to improve the rules governing agricultural trade; it could signal a return to increased protectionism, more managed trade, a return to competitive... |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6127 |
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| McCalla, Alex F.. |
| There is a very strong consensus among economists that developing countries have the most to gain from movements towards freer trade under the WTO. But the Seattle WTO meeting was suspended in part because of vocal NGOs who charged that free trade and globalization were not in poor countries interests. This paper makes three points. First, developing countries do have much to gain from general trade liberalization. Trade expansion is positively linked to growth. Second, agricultural trade liberalization offers even greater gains than liberalization in other sectors because of the heavy dominance of agriculture in poor countries economies. Third, not all developing countries are poor, food-deficit, importing countries. They are a heterogeneous group and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Developing countries; NGOs; Non-trade issues; Open trade regimes; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23863 |
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| Gifford, Michael N.; McCalla, Alex F.. |
| There are a number of factors working against a successful Doha Round conclusion. Several of these affect the linkages and trade-offs between the main elements of the Doha Round negotiating agenda, particularly agriculture, non-agricultural market access (NAMA), services, and rules. For most of the past six years, the negotiating difficulties in agriculture were regarded as the main constraint to concluding the Doha Round. However, in recent months, as the shape of the agricultural package became clearer, it has become apparent that there are also major obstacles to be overcome elsewhere in the negotiations; especially in NAMA. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6140 |
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| Gifford, Michael N.; McCalla, Alex F.. |
| The Canadian supply management system could continue to function under the prospective Doha Round result. The main change the industry would face would likely be the replacement of the present pricing system in dairy and eggs with a system of negotiated prices between producers and processors (paralleling the existing situation for chickens and turkeys) which still would reflect very substantial protection via the remaining over-quota tariffs. The main adjustment would be that Canadian producer prices would start to more closely track world prices which should be less volatile and higher as a result of the phase out of export subsidies and the creation of new market access opportunities. |
| Tipo: Report |
Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6133 |
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| Registros recuperados: 19 | |
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