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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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| Bullock, David S.; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| Recent studies have investigated the efficiencies of policies that use several policy instruments simultaneously (for example, a policy that uses a production subsidy combined with a production quota). Several studies of very specific cases find that optimal combination of two policy instruments is more efficient than optimal independent use of either. In this note we demonstrate using set theory and maximization theory, that all such specific results are examples of a more general result, which is that by combining m instruments efficiently, a government can always be at least as efficient as when using a subset of those m instruments. This result holds for any of the several definitions of "efficiency" in the literature. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 1998 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31524 |
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| Kellermann, Magnus; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| This paper analyzes technical efficiency and productivity growth of dairy farms in southern Germany. We compare the performance of farms operating on permanent grassland and conventional farms using fodder crops from arable land. Using a latent class stochastic frontier model, intensive and extensive production systems are identified for both types of farms. We estimate stochastic output distance functions to represent the production technology. TFP change is calculated and decomposed using a generalized Malmquist productivity index. Our results show that grassland farms can in general keep up with conventional farms. The productivity on intensive (extensive) grassland dairy farms grew by 1.15% (0.93%) per year, compared to 1.19% (intensive) and 1.0%... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Productivity; Dairy farming; Stochastic frontier analysis; Livestock Production/Industries; Productivity Analysis. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114763 |
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| Glebe, Thilo W.; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| Small countries may benefit from the formation of a trade bloc, since their combined market power will enable them to manipulate the terms of trade. The question of interest is whether countries will benefit from the enlargement of a trading bloc, if trade liberalization induces countries to substitute domestic support measures for conventional border protection. The paper deals with this question by analyzing the conditions for positive welfare effects resulting from the enlargement of a trade bloc. Based on a partial equilibrium trade model, we consider a game in production taxes/subsidies between two trade blocs. The tax/subsidy instrument may capture the production effect which can be induced by a combination of environmental, health or safety rules.... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Trade bloc; Trade liberalization; Game theory; European Union; International Relations/Trade; D6; F11; Q17; C7. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25529 |
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| Salhofer, Klaus; Glebe, Thilo W.. |
| The number of agri-environmental programs, as well as the share of agricultural land covered under these programs, varies significantly between EU member states. We analyze national differences in the uptake of agri-environmental programs by developing a model of countries' political objective function. Based on this model we identify six factors which may explain the extent to which agri-environmental policies are implemented: environmental benefits, opportunity costs of participation, financial budget pressure, the share of program expenditures financed by the EU, contribution to the EU budget, and political weight attributed to farmers' income. The conceptual approach is then supplemented by an empirical analysis. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20191 |
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| Salhofer, Klaus; Glebe, Thilo W.. |
| The number of agri-environmental programs launched under EU Regulation 1257/99, as well as the share of agricultural land covered under these programs, varies significantly between EU member states. National differences in the uptake of agri-environmental schemes would be economically efficient if they accounted for differences in countries' natural capacity to assimilate pollution and reflected the social value attributed to environmental quality. However, political decisions are unlikely to be influenced only by efficiency consideration. This paper assesses the distributional, budgetary and welfare effects of agri-environmental programs and analyses how this may explain the pattern of agri-environmental policy in Europe. The study is based on an... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25565 |
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| Tribl, Christoph; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| In developed countries governments aim to increase the market share of organic products. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. Using the concept of heterogeneous producers and consumers we compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: First, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production. Second, we compare this policy measure to a demand-side oriented information policy, which aims to enhance the acceptance and identification of an organic food label. Third, we assume a mix of both policy measures. The main findings of this... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Organic food; Labeling; Production subsidy; Information policy; Welfare; Agricultural and Food Policy; D61; D62; L15; Q18. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24653 |
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| Tribl, Christoph; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| Governments in developed countries aim to increase the market share of organic products as a possibility to improve the environment or animal welfare or as a reaction to food crises and changing consumer preferences. Assuming that organic farming creates a positive externality, we address the question of how this environmental benefit can be internalized best. We use the concepts of heterogeneous producers with different unit production costs and heterogeneous consumers with different preferences for conventional and organic food, and compare two policy options to enhance organic supply and demand with respect to their efficiency and distributional effect: Firstly, we analyze the effect of a supply-side oriented policy like a subsidy on organic production... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 2004 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/20003 |
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| Salhofer, Klaus; Kargiannis, Giannis; Sinabell, Franz. |
| Recently, several studies compared the performance of conventional and organic farms. Most studies concentrated on technical efficiency. In this paper we add to this literature by also comparing the scale efficiency of conventional and organic milk farms in Austria during the period 1997-2002. To do so we utilize a bilateral production frontier that includes both production technologies and Green’s (1995a,b) true fixed effects model to account for firm specific time-invariant heterogeneity and technical inefficiency. We find both groups of farms to be on average equally technical efficient (when compared to their production frontier), but conventional farms being on average considerably more scale efficient. However, while scale efficiency remained... |
| Tipo: Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Scale efficiency; Conventional vs. organic farming; Milk production; Austria; Production Economics; Q12; D20. |
| Ano: 2012 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/124119 |
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| Huck, Petra; Salhofer, Klaus; Tribl, Christoph. |
| In this paper we develop a theoretical model of competition among marketing cooperatives (co-ops) in a spatial market setting assuming uniform delivered pricing and Loschian conduct. The model is an extension to Alvarez et al.'s (2000) spatial competition model for investorowned firms (IOF). Theoretical results include i) that the prices for raw milk are, ceteris paribus, higher in a pure market of coops than in a pure IOF market; ii) that even coops may imperfectly transmit price changes upstream; and iii) that the price farmers receive for their raw product is a function of economic space (distance times transportation costs) between coops. We test our theoretical findings for milk processing co-ops in Northern Germany using data of monthly average... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Spatial competition; Oligopsony; Milk processing; Cooperatives; Agribusiness; L13; Q13. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/25633 |
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| Huck, Petra; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| Dynamic evolutions of resource stocks with stochastic elements in the transition equation are in general very difficult to master. Their handling requires a deep understanding of control theory, probability theory and sometimes even of game theory due to strategic interaction of 'agents'. But without strong mathematical backgrounds, students from adjacent research fields have a hard time with control theory. The same is true for probability theory and game theory. One way to avoid this problem is to change the aim: instead of target function optimization, guarantee the continuance of the system within certain boundaries. The latter relates to Viability theory. Unfortunately, even Viability theory requires more mathematics than the 'average' student... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21451 |
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| Streicher, Gerhard; Schmid, Erwin; Salhofer, Klaus. |
| This study presents a general model demonstrating how to measure the (in)efficiency of a policy intended to meet objectives. If it is assumed that the government has available only those policy instruments it actually utilizes, our method is a test as to whether the government combines these instruments efficiently. In addition, one could also include other policy instruments, which are not actually used, but are available to the government. Our general model is applied to bread grain policy in Austria. The primary result is that the policy was quite inefficient in meeting the two main objectives of farm income support and self-sufficiency. The stochastic nature of our efficiency measures is acknowledged by taking into account the inherent uncertainty of... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Policy efficiency; Statistical policy analysis; Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2006 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8613 |
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| Mittenzwei, Klaus; Bullock, David S.; Salhofer, Klaus; Kola, Jukka. |
| Positive political economy is usually concerned with economic explanations of observed policy choices, while the timing of a policy reform has not gained similar attention. This is somewhat surprising since policy makers most often are free to decide both the design and timing of a policy reform. Drawing on insights from recent developments in the finance literature on investment under uncertainty, here we apply the idea of option value to the analysis of government policy making. Common political-economic explanations of the 1992 CAP reform are that policymakers felt domestic political pressure to make the CAP more efficient, and also international political pressure and to bring the CAP in line with treaty obligations. Although these arguments are sound,... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy. |
| Ano: 2009 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50957 |
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| Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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