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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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| Hartman, Darcy A.; Henderson, Dennis R.; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| This paper analyzes the determinants of variation across industries in levels of intra-industry trade (IIT) for a sample of 36 U.S. processed food and beverage industries in 1987, previous studies of intra-industry trade having focused on industry characteristics in the manufacturing sectors. The determinants predicted by IIT theory are measures of product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition; the results of this analysis indicate that IIT variation across the food and beverage industries is positively related to product differentiation, U.S. total trade, similarity of tariff barriers among trade partners, and economies of scope, but negatively related to industry concentration. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26561 |
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| Hartman, Darcy A.; Henderson, Dennis R.; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| This paper analyzes the determinants of variation across industries in levels of intra-industry trade (IIT) for a sample of thirty-six U.S. processed food and beverage industries in 1987, previous studies of intra-industry trade having focused on industry characteristics in the manufacturing sectors. The determinants predicted by IIT theory are measures of product differentiation, economies of scale, and imperfect competition; the results of this analysis indicate that IIT variation across the food and beverage industries is positively related to product differentiation, economies of scope, and similarity of tariff barriers among trade partners, but negatively related to industry concentration. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1993 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31555 |
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| Nadolnyak, Denis A.; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| In this paper, peculiarities of the process of development of agricultural biotechnological innovations are considered, in particular the distinction between R&D races for gene discoveries and subsequent competition for developing their marketable applications in the form of genetically modified (GM) crops, the results of which determine the payoffs of discovering a gene. A formal two-stage model is specified and analyzed with regard to how different patent protection regimes and other government policies affect firm's R&D strategies and the welfare realized from an innovation. We find that different policy measures affect the outcomes of the two stages of biotechnological innovation differently, which leaves some ambiguity as to which patent... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2002 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19802 |
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| Anderson, Benjamin; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| We develop a model of endogenous market structure and sunk cost R&D investment that allows for the licensing of technology among competitors. Our theoretical model predicts both a greater lower bound to market concentration and higher levels of quality compared to the case without licensing. These result simply that in markets in which licensing and a symmetric R&D costs are prevalent, such as the agricultural biotechnology sector, the ability to license technology generates more concentration among firms but also improves consumer welfare by incentivizing the production of higher quality. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61786 |
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| Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| Current policy discussions are making a very clear connection between domestic climate policies and international trade. In this article, the economic, legal and implementation issues relating to border tax adjustments for climate policies are discussed. The overall conclusion drawn is that the connection between trade and the environment is not new, having been discussed in considerable detail since the early 1990s, and reflected in an extensive economics literature. In addition, the legal aspects of border tax adjustments are not particularly new, although only a WTO ruling on their use in the presence of domestic climate policies will resolve any legal uncertainty about their use. However, there are some new issues concerning the determination and... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Competitiveness; Border tax adjustment; Environmental Economics and Policy; Financial Economics; Political Economy. |
| Ano: 2010 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90594 |
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| Brenes, Jose R.; Henderson, Dennis R.; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| This study examines the impact on export sales of various promotional strategies for branded food products in foreign markets. It is an empirical analysis using data obtained from organizations that administer the High Value Export Incentive Program (HVEIP) for branded food products, part of USDA's Targeted Export Assistance (TEA) program and its successor, the Marketing Assistance Program (MAP). To respect the proprietary nature of the data, the identity of individual firms and brand names has been deleted and products have been combined into two groups: (1) consumer ready and (2) intermediate. Economic analysis reveals positive and statistically significant impacts of expenditures on television advertising and advertising in consumer-orientated print... |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1992 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27180 |
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| Martinez-Gonzalez, Ariadna; Sheldon, Ian M.; Thompson, Stanley R.. |
| In this paper we assess the impact of the elimination of trade distortions on imports from Brazil to the U.S. For this purpose, we estimate a partial equilibrium trade model an ethanol export supply function for Brazil and an ethanol import demand function for the U.S.-, based on annual data from 1975 to 2006, and use the results to compute a back-of-the-envelope measure of the deadweight loss derived from those trade distortions as well as one derived from producing the 35 billion gallons proposed in the Twenty in Ten 2007 State of the Union Policy Initiative assuming the distortions are not eliminated. Two-stage least squares is used to estimate both functions, the world price of ethanol being treated as endogenous. This paper supports the idea... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Resource /Energy Economics and Policy. |
| Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9802 |
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| Deodhar, Satish Y.; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| Several studies have estimated the welfare effects of recent changes in the European Union's common policy on banana imports, based upon the assumption that the market is perfectly competitive. However, if the market is imperfectly competitive, predictions about changes in banana policy may be inaccurate. The objective of this paper is to estimate the degree of market imperfection in the German market for banana imports using dynamic methods. The hypothesis that this market is perfectly competitive is rejected, and, in addition, the degree of market imperfection is estimated to be higher using a dynamic model compared to previous static estimates. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Marketing. |
| Ano: 1996 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/27899 |
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| McCorriston, Steve; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| In this paper we consider the use of border adjustments to compensate exporters for domestic environmental taxes even when the environmental tax is imposed on an intermediate good. Although GATT/WTO rules allow for border adjustments, there has been little analysis of them. A model of successive oligopoly is used to consider the appropriate border adjustments since many industries where environmental excise taxes are applied can be characterised as imperfectly competitive. We show that the border adjustment currently allowed for in GATT/WTO rules is, under certain circumstances, likely to be too low to maintain the competitiveness of exporters. In some cases, an export tax would be justified. |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/21994 |
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| Sheldon, Ian M.; Pick, Daniel H.; McCorriston, Steve. |
| This study examines the interaction between export subsidies and profit-shifting in a vertical production system consisting of agricultural commodity production, and intermediate and final good processing, where the latter two stages may be characterized by imperfect competition. Using a model with general functional forms for demand, comparative statics indicate that an export subsidy to an unprocessed agricultural commodity, under certain circumstances, can have greater profit-shifting effects at the final processing stage compared to an export subsidy targeted at the final processed good. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31151 |
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| McCorriston, Steve; Sheldon, Ian M.. |
| This paper applies some recent developments in international trade theory to processed agricultural product markets. Theoretical results are derived showing that when such markets are characterized by imperfect competition, there may be a case for government intervention in the form of subsidies and tariffs. In order to provide some empirical background, a simulation model is used to assess the level of an optimal tariff on U.S. cheese imports. The implications of this analysis for the liberalization of agricultural trade are also considered. |
| Tipo: Journal Article |
Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Relations/Trade. |
| Ano: 1990 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26549 |
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| Registros recuperados: 41 | |
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