SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

A Theory of Standards-Driven Rural Development

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Political Economy.

Ano: 1991

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6851

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Rozelle, Scott; Xiang, Tao; Vandemoortele, Thijs.

Consumers have increasing demands for product standards. This has important implications for development. This paper develops a formal theory of the process of the introduction of high product standards in developing countries. The model endogenizes the introduction of high standards. Initial differences in income, the nature of capital constraints and transaction costs, the initial production structure and policies and institutions are shown to affect the likelihood of and the size of the high standards economy. Initial differences in some of these same factors—as well as inter-country differences in the distribution of the sizes of farmers—are also shown to determine which producers are included, and which not.

AGENDA SETTING, INFLUENCE, AND VOTING RULES: THE INFLUENCE OF THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION AND STATUS QUO BIAS IN THE COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY OF THE EU

Palavras-chave: Standards; Rural Development; Vertical Differentiation; Partial Equilibrium; Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/51475

Pokrivcak, Jan; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

We develop a two-stage political economy model that explicitly models the complexity of decision-making in the European Union on the Common Agricultural Policy, and we derive how the institutional design affects the outcome and the influence of the various agents involved, and the likelihood of political stalemate.

AGRICULTURAL CREDIT PROBLEMS AND POLICIES DURING THE TRANSITION TO A MARKET ECONOMY IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19868

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Gow, Hamish R..

This paper assesses the problems of financing Central and Eastern European agriculture during the present transitionary period and what the role of government is in this process. Initially the paper looks at why credit markets work imperfectly, even in well developed market economies, focusing on the problems related to asymmetric information, adverse selection, moral hazard, credit rationing, the choice of optimal debt instrument and why initial wealth matters. It shows why these and related problems may cause transaction costs to high enough so that credit rationing and high interest rates are rational and efficient responses by lenders to the imperfect information problems of the agricultural sector. Then a series of specific, transition-related...

Agricultural economics and transition: What was expected, what we observed, the lessons learned Proceedings (Volume I / II)

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31887

Csaki, Csaba; Forgacs, Csaba; Koester, Ulrich; Liefert, William M.; Banse, Martin; Gay, Stephan Hubertus; McDonald, Scott; M'Barek, Robert; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Kim, Hanho; An, Donghwan; Hubbard, Lionel J.; Rieger, Laszlo; Szoke, Gyula; Cristoiu, Adriana; Udovc, Andrej; Kagan, Adam; Sassi, Maria; Takacs, Istvan; Takacs, Emese; Cimpoies, Dragos; Ertsey, Imre; Kovacs, Sandor; Przygodzka, Renata; Dziemianowicz, Ryta Iwona; Magda, Robert; Borodina, Elena; Borodina, Alexandra; Gavrilescu, Dinu; Pecze, Denes; Balogh, Peter; Cechura, Lukas; Sayin, Cengiz; Cengiz, M. Nisa; Osanami, Fumio; Szabo, Gabor G.; Karaman, Suleyman; Szekely, Geza; Szczepaniak, Iwona; Szczegolska, Monika; Serova, Eugenia; Pieniadz, Agata; Barmon, Basanta Kumar; Kondo, Takumi; Becvarova, Vera; Levkovych, Inna; Hockmann, Heinrich; Bezlepkina, Irina V.; Kupavych, Alexander; Konig, Gabor; Halmai, Peter; Vasary, Viktoria; Vincze, Maria-Magdolna; Lerman, Zvi; Kolcsey, Andrea; Bokusheva, Raushan; Turtoi, Crina Sinziana; Toma, Camelia; Gavrilescu, Camelia; Davidova, Sophia; Blaas, Gejza; Antonova, Maria; Zeller, Manfred; Deininger, Klaus W.; Savastano, Sara; Carletto, Calogero; Caceres-Clavero, Francisco; Lucena-Cobos, Blanca; Latruffe, Laure; Takacs-Gyorgy, Katalin; Bandlerova, Anna; Sadowski, Adam; Gomez y Paloma, Sergio; Luca, Lucian; Cristoiu, Adriana; Ciaian, Pavel; Pokrivcak, Jan; Drabik, Dusan; Voneki, Eva; Tonini, Axel; Burger, Anna; Szep, Katalin; Majewski, Edward; Raggi, Meri; Viaggi, Davide; Maccarini, Elisa Ricci; Monasterolo, Irene; Vandeplas, Anneleen; Jongeneel, Roelof A.; Novak, Petr; Brasili, Cristina; Meyer, William H.; Kuhne, Bianka; Fanfani, Roberto; Gellynck, Xavier; Molnar, Adrienn; Gagalyuk, Taras; Traikova, Diana; Mollers, Judith; Cochrane, Nancy J.; Kazlauskiene, Natalija; Fekete-Farkas, Maria; Molnar, Jozsef; Szucs, Istvan; Popp, Jozsef; Udovecz, Gabor; Florkowski, Wojciech J.; Fritzsch, Jana; Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Kasarjyan, Milada; Podruzsik, Szilard; Korff, Rudiger; Wilkin, Jerzy; van Leeuwen, Myrna; Bartova, Lubica; Erjavec, Emil; Katona-Kovacs, Judit; Baranyai, Zsolt; Hubbard, Carmen.

Over fifteen years have elapsed since the transition from the centrally planned economic system started in the early 1990’s. During this time agricultural and rural areas of Central and Eastern Europe have undergone profound structural changes with wide variations in the degree of transformation and in the rate of success in creating a competitive market and private ownership based food and agricultural system. By becoming member of the European Union the "transition" in its traditional interpretation has been concluded in ten of the Central East European countries. The transition to market based agriculture, however, is far from completion in Southern and Eastern Europe and especially in the CIS countries. International Association of Agricultural...

Agricultural Productivity in Transition Economies

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural Finance; Farm Management; Financial Economics; Industrial Organization; International Development; International Relations/Trade; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92319

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Van Herck, Kristine; Vranken, Liesbet.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/96638

Agricultural Protection Growth in Europe, 1870-1969

Dramatic changes took place in agricultural policies in Europe in the 19th and 20th century. In the 1860s European nations agreed on a series of trade agreements which spread free trade across the continent. In the 1960s European nations concluded an international agreement which spread heavy government intervention and protection against imports across the continent. This paper offers hypotheses as to the causes of these dramatic changes in agricultural protection.

Agricultural transformation: Lessons from experience

Palavras-chave: Political economy; Agricultural distortions; High-income countries; Economic development of Europe; F13; N53; O13; Q18; P16.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/50296

Agriculture in the Face of Changing Markets, Institutions and Policies: Challenges and Strategies

It is now fifteen years ago that the Berlin Wall fell, the start of a vast set of changes throughout the countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. Reforms in the Communist world had started earlier further east: first in China in the late 1970s and in Vietnam in the mid 1980s. The changes affected society in a multitude of ways. They affected the way the political and economic system operated but also the social organization of society, the psychology of the people living in the countries, and the culture of day-to-day life. In this essay I focus on how these changes affected the rural economy and the agricultural and food sector. I will discuss developments and performances of the countries during transition, the causes behind them, and...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Political Economy.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31717

Balmann, Alfons; Curtiss, Jarmila; Dautzenberg, Kirsti; Happe, Kathrin; Huang, Jikun; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Rozelle, Scott; Sedik, David J.; Ciaian, Pavel; Vranken, Liesbet; Doitchinova, Julia M.; Kanchev, Ivan; Miteva, Albena; Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev; Forgacs, Csaba; Guo, Hongdong; Ferto, Imre; Jolly, Robert W.; Zhu, Jianhua; Falkowski, Jan; Milczarek, Dominika; Peyerl, Hermann; Breuer, Gunter; Danilowska, Alina; Zawojska, Aldona; Ramanovich, Mikhail; Hemme, Torsten; Mirzaei, Farhad; Heidelbach, Olaf; Balkhausen, Oliver; Banse, Martin; Perekhozhuk, Oleksandr; Grings, Michael; Luka, Oksana; Epstein, David B.; Naydenov, Nikolay; Sauer, Johannes; Balint, Borbala; Il'ina, Natalia; Svetlov, Nikolai M.; Weitzel, Enno-Burghard; Bayaner, Ahmet; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Hockmann, Heinrich; Cechura, Lukas; Herzfeld, Thomas; Glauben, Thomas; Azzarri, Carlo; Carletto, Calogero; Davis, Benjamin; Zezza, Alberto; Nivievskyi, Oleg; von Cramon-Taubadel, Stephan; Newton, Claire; Bednarikova, Zuzana; Doucha, Tomas; Travnicek, Zdenek; Fock, Theodor.

Since the late 1980s, agriculture in Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) has been under considerable adjustment pressure due to changing political, economic and institutional environments. These changes have been linked to the transition process, as well as the ongoing integration into the European Union and the world market. Reduced subsidies, increased environmental and food quality demands, as well as structural changes in the supply, processing and food retailing sector call for major structural adjustments and the improvement of farmers’ managerial abilities. Though such changes always carry significant threats to farms, they also offer new opportunities for the farms' entrepreneurial engagement. Upcoming changes in the agricultural...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Farm Management; Industrial Organization; International Development; Labor and Human Capital; Land Economics/Use; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/93012

Agri-food business: Global challenges – Innovative solutions

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vandemartele, Thijs; Hirschauer, Norbert; Gaetano, Martino; Nijhoff-Savvaki, Rannia; Trienekens, Jacques H.; Omta, S.W.F. (Onno); Bachev, Hrabrin Ianouchev; Bezat-Jarzębowska, Agnieszka; Jarzebowski, Sebastian; Paus, Marguerite; Singh, Dheeraj; Prahalad, V.C.; Wangshu, Lobsang; Bakucs, Lajos Zoltan; Ferto, Imre; Havas, Attila; Ehlers, Melf-Hinrich; Bojnec, Stefan; Ferto, Imre; Levkovych, Inna; Toth, Aniko; Forgacs, Csaba.

The rise of a western-style middle class in many successful emerging economies like China currently is inducing deep structural changes on agricultural world markets and within the global agri-food business. As a result of both higher incomes and concerns over product safety and quality the global demand for high-quality and safe food products is increasing significantly. In order to meet the new required quality, globally minimum quality standards are rising and private standards emerging. All over the world these developments cause adjustments at the enterprise, chain and market levels. At the same time, the tremendously increasing demand for renewable energy has led to the emergence of a highly promising market for biomass production. This has...

Tipo: Book

Palavras-chave: Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Agricultural Finance; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Industrial Organization; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; International Development; Marketing; Political Economy.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/92317

AJAE Appendix: Land Market Imperfections and Agricultural Policy Impacts in the New EU Member States: A Partial Equilibrium Analysis

Ciaian, Pavel; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The material contained herein is supplementary to the article named in the title and published in the American Journal of Agricultural Economics, Volume 88, Number 4, November 2006.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7394

ALBANIA'S RADICAL AGRARIAN REFORM

Cungu, Azeta; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The agrarian reform in Albania included free distribution of land to rural households and the complete break up of the former collective and state farms. These key features of the Albanian reform are in sharp contrast with other Central and Eastern European countries. Our paper explains the choice of the Albanian agricultural privatization and land reform process and the radical decollectivization of the farms as caused by a combination of several factors, including changes in political institutions, the structure of the economy, the legal status of assets under privatization, farm productivity, and the pre-1945 land distribution.

AN EXPLANATION OF LAND REFORM CHOICES IN CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Industrial Organization.

Ano: 1998

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31866

In all Central and East European countries (CEECs) land reform was a key part of the overall agrarian reforms. Various land reform procedures have been chosen and the selected procedures were not the most efficient ones in several cases. The efficiency and distributional impacts depend on the privatization and land reform process. The paper therefore explains the choice of the land reform processes by analyzing their efficiency and distributional effects -- and how they differ between CEECs. It starts with an overview of the post-1989 land reforms in CEECs. The second section discusses the most efficient reform processes and compares these with the effectively chosen processes, identifying in which cases governments clearly have not chosen efficient land...

CAN PRICE SUPPORTS NEGATE THE SOCIAL GAINS FROM PUBLIC RESEARCH EXPENDITURES IN AGRICULTURE?

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; International Development.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31883

de Gorter, Harry; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

The burgeoning literature on how the benefits from research may be negative for a given price support arbitrarily ignores the costs of price supports for a given level of research. Furthermore, the very existence of price supports is inconsistent with the normative criterion that governments simply maximize social income. We show that there are always gains from research, even if governments maximize social income subject to a farm income goal. Our results are also consistent with the statements made by Schultz and Ruttan that ignoring price supports will result in all over (or under) valuation of research benefits. Finally, we indicate that the predictions of the "no gains from research" literature may not be substantiated by empirical evidence and that...

Causes of Efficiency Change in Transition: Theory and Cross-Country Survey Evidence from Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Demand and Price Analysis; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 1994

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6881

Vranken, Liesbet; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

Studies on efficiency changes in transition agriculture yield mixed results. This paper develops both a theoretical model and an empirical analysis of how distribution of efficiency scores changes with the various stages of transition. We use a unique set of representative farm survey data to calculate farm level efficiency scores, compare the efficiency distributions of different transition countries and correlate these with various indicators of particular reforms. Our study indicates that, in particular, general institutional reforms and reforms focused on market institutions and on reducing market imperfections in input and output markets have an important positive impact on farm efficiency.

CAUSES OF OUTPUT DECLINE IN ECONOMIC TRANSITION: THE CASE OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPEAN AGRICULTURE

Palavras-chave: Farm Management; Productivity Analysis.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/9442

Macours, Karen; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

This paper quantifies the relative importance of the different causal factors of the changes in agricultural production in Central and Eastern Europe since 1989 using a production function and supply response approach. The analyses show that the deterioration of the agricultural terms of trade explains a considerable part (40 to 45 %) of the production change. The effects of the extreme weather conditions that coincided with the reforms explain 10 % to 20 % of the output decline, where as the transition uncertainty accounts for 10 % to 15 %. The shift of the production to family farms caused a productivity increase due to improved labor effort but the process of disruption of the production structures caused a (temporary) negative effect. The net effect...

CHANGES IN AGRICULTURAL MARKETS IN TRANSITION ECONOMIES

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Production Economics.

Ano: 1997

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/31877

Liefert, William M.; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

Economic reform in the transition economies of the former Soviet bloc has transformed the volume and mix of these economies' agricultural production, consumption, and trade. Output drops in most countries have ranged from 25 to 50 percent. The livestock sector has been hit particularly hard, all but eliminating U.S. grain exports to the region. This report concludes that the output decline has been an inevitable part of market reform and that the main goal of agricultural policy in the transition economies should not be to return output to pre-reform levels but to increase the productivity of input use. Although reform has created a food security problem in some countries, the cause of the problem is not insufficient food supplies, but rather inadequate...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Russia; Ukraine; Former Soviet Union; Central and Eastern European countries; Transition economies; Agricultural production; Livestock sector; Food consumption; Trade; Policy reform; Productivity; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/33945

Competitiveness in the Food Industry: a CGE Modelling Approach to assess Foreign Direct Investment in Transition Countries

Banse, Martin; Gay, Stephan Hubertus; McDonald, Scott; M'Barek, Robert; Swinnen, Johan F.M..

For transition countries, the food industry sector is a key industry in terms of output and employment shares. As a competitive sector that receives substantial foreign direct investments (FDI), it plays an important role as an element in the process of integration in the European and world market. The GLOBE Computable General Equilibrium model is applied to analyse scenarios of alternative development pathways of the food industry sector, taking into account the impact of FDI in the European food industry. The scenario analyses of this study identify that with an enhanced attraction of FDI in the food processing industries in the New Member States (NMS) the integration of the agri-food sectors in the NMS into the Single European Market will become even...

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR ANALYSING STRUCTURAL CHANGE IN AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIVELIHOODS

Palavras-chave: Food industry; Foreign direct investment; CGE; Transition countries; Agribusiness; International Relations/Trade.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/8525

Buchenrieder, Gertrud; Mollers, Judith; Happe, Kathrin; Davidova, Sophia; Fredriksson, Lena; Bailey, Alastair; Kancs, d'Artis; Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vranken, Liesbet; Hubbard, Carmen; Ward, Neil; Juvancic, Luka; Milczarek, Dominika; Plamen, Mishev.

The Deliverable 2.1 (D2.1) of the SCARLED project provides the conceptual framework for analysing structural change in agriculture and rural livelihoods in the NMS and established Member States of the EU. It concisely summarizes the underlying theories and concepts of the pertinent research issues in SCARLED. SCARLED addresses a topic of wide interest with regard to the identification of past and future key social and agricultural restructuring processes for a living countryside in the NMS. Methodologically, the topic is approached by comparative, structured multi-country farm surveys complemented by an analysis of structural changes in the farm sectors of two selected regions with the agent-based simulation model AgriPoliS, taking special account of...

Contracting, Competition, and Rent Distribution Theory and Empirical Evidence from Developing and Transition Countries

Palavras-chave: Agricultural and Food Policy; Community/Rural/Urban Development; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91737

Swinnen, Johan F.M.; Vandeplas, Anneleen.

Commodity value chains have undergone tremendous changes in the past decades. Private traders, retailers and food processing companies increasingly contract with farms and rural households to whom they provide inputs and services in return for guaranteed and quality supplies. However, due to a variety of market imperfections and poor public institutions, farmers in developing and transition countries face major constraints in realizing high-quality, consistent supplies. These include financial constraints as well as difficulties in input markets, lack of technical and managerial capacity etc, especially for high-standards products. To secure their supplies, traders and processors engage in contracting to overcome farmers' constraints. Emerging empirical...