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Antibacterial activity of lactose-binding lectins from Bufo arenarum skin 47
Sánchez Riera,Alicia; Daud,Adriana; Gallo,Adriana; Genta,Susana; Aybar,Manuel; Sánchez,Sara.
Amphibians respond to microbial infection through cellular and humoral defense mechanisms such as antimicrobial protein secretion. Most humoral defense proteins are synthetized in the skin. In this study we isolated two b-galactoside-binding lectins with molecular weights of 50 and 56 KDa from the skin of Bufo arenarum. These lectins have significant hemagglutination activity against trypsinized rabbit erythrocytes, which was inhibited by galactose-containing saccharides. They are water-soluble and independent of the presence of calcium. The antimicrobial analysis for each lectin was performed. At mmolar concentration lectins show strong bacteriostatic activity against Gram negative bacteria (Escherichia coli K12 4100 and wild strains of Escherichia coli...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Skin; Lectin; Amphibian; Antibacterial activity.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452003000100005
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Anuran captured in pitfall traps in three agrossystem in Northwestern São Paulo State, Brazil 49
Silva,Fernando Rodrigues da; Santos,Rodrigo Souza; Nunes,Maria Andréia; Rossa-Feres,Denise de Cerqueira.
Although it is generally assumed that agriculture negatively influences amphibian populations, few studies on the effects of agricultural cultivations on neotropical anuran have been conducted. As a contribution to the knowledge about anuran in agriculture, the present study sought to identify the anuran species present in three different agrossystems. We used data from anurans captured in pitfall traps initially proposed for a survey of harvestmen fauna in three agrossystems (corn, soybean, and rubber tree). Four anuran species found in the pitfall traps belong to two Families: Leptodactylidae: Leptodactulus fuscus and L. mystacinus; and Leiuperidae: Eupemphix nattereri and Physalaemus cuvieri. In corn plantation, four species and 30 individuals were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Soybean plantation; Corn plantation and rubber tree.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032009000400026
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Anuran species in a remnant of the Atlantic rainforest in an urban area 84
Mageski,Marcio Marques; Silva-Soares,Thiago; Duca,Charles; Santos,Débora Cristina Baptista Medeiros de Oliveira; Jesus Filho,Paulo Roberto de; Costa,Larissa Corteletti da; Clemente-Carvalho,Rute Beatriz Garcia.
Abstract Forest fragments in urban areas have many habitat resources that frogs use for refuge, reproduction and growth. Knowledge of an anuran assembly is the first step towards understanding the importance of these forest fragments in areas highly threatened by anthropogenic actions. We sampled anurans during the day and night from November 2012 to August 2013 through visual and acoustic surveys. We found 333 individuals belonging to 19 species. The highest richness and abundance were recorded in January whereas the lowest richness and abundance were recorded in June. Most species were found in open areas. Our results highlight the importance of well-studied urban fragments for the anuran community. The conservation of these habitats may ensure the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Community; Habitat loss; Refuge; Conservation.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0031-10492018000100215
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Anurans from two high-elevation areas of Atlantic Forest in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 103
Siqueira,Carla C; Vrcibradic,Davor; Dorigo,Thiago A; Rocha,Carlos F. D.
The anurofauna inhabiting higher montane Atlantic forest areas in southeastern Brazil, which often attain heights of more than 2000 m, is still insufficiently known. In this study, we present data on anuran species composition and abundances in two high-altitude (i.e. > 1000 m) sites within the Parque Estadual dos Três Picos (PETP), in the state of Rio de Janeiro. Field surveys were done at altitudes between 1100 and 1900 m above sea level. We recorded 35 species during our study, adding 22 records to the set of anuran species previously known to occur within the PETP. The stability of the species accumulation curve, as well as the richness estimations, showed that the sampling methodology employed and the total sampling effort were appropriate to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Altitude; Amphibian; Community; Serra dos Órgãos mountains; Species richness.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702011000400007
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Characteristics of hemolytic activity induced by skin secretions of the frog Kaloula pulchra hainana 80
Wei,Shuangshuang; Chi,Tingting; Meng,Aiyun; Chen,Congwei; An,Tianchen; Wang,Manchuriga; Zhang,Yingxia.
Background The hemolytic activity of skin secretions obtained by stimulating the frog Kaloula pulchra hainana with diethyl ether was tested using human, cattle, rabbit, and chicken erythrocytes. The skin secretions had a significant concentration-dependent hemolytic effect on erythrocytes. The hemolytic activity of the skin secretions was studied in the presence of osmotic protectants (polyethylene glycols and carbohydrates), cations (Mg2+, Ca2+, Ba2+, Cu2+, and K+), or antioxidants (ascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, and cysteine). Results Depending on their molecular mass, osmotic protectants effectively inhibited hemolysis. The inhibition of skin hemolysis was observed after treatment with polyethylene glycols (1000, 3400, and 6000 Da). Among divalent...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Skin secretions; Hemolysis; Pore-forming.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1678-91992013000100306
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Copper toxicity for Scinax ruber and Rhinella granulosa (Amphibia: Anura) of the Amazon: Potential of Biotic Ligand Model to predict toxicity in urban streams 36
Franco-de-Sá,Jorge Felipe Oliveira; Val,Adalberto Luis.
In the last years many populations of anurans have declined and extinctions have been recorded. They were related to environmental pollution, changes of land use and emerging diseases. The main objective of this study was to determine copper sensitivity of the anuran of the Amazon Rhinella granulosa and Scinax ruber tadpoles at stage 25 and Scinax ruber eggs exposed for 96 h to copper concentrations ranging from 15 µg Cu L-1 to 94 µg Cu L-1. LC50 at 96 h of Rhinella granulosa Gosner 25, Scinax ruber Gosner 25 and Scinax ruber eggs in black water of the Amazon were 23.48, 36.37 and 50.02 µg Cu L-1, respectively. The Biotic Ligand Model was used to predict the LC50 values for these species and it can be considered a promising tool for these tropical species...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; LC50-96h; Copper; BLM; Water pollution.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672014000400010
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Metacercariae of Strigeidae Parasitizing Amphibians of the Chaco Region in Argentina 42
HAMANN,MONIKA I.; FERNÁNDEZ,MARÍA V.; GONZÁLEZ,CYNTHYA E..
Abstract: The goal of the present study was to analyze the metacercariae found in adult amphibians collected in the Argentinean Chaco region. A total of 194 frogs, Leptodactylus chaquensis, Leptodactylus latinasus, and Lepidobatrachus laevis was examined for digeneans. Three different larval trematodes of the genus Strigea (Digenea, Strigeidae) were found infecting the liver, mesentery, body cavity, and muscle of frogs. These metacercariae are described and illustrated for the first time and provide new information on the composition of metacercariae in amphibians, thus contributing to the knowledge of larval trematodes biodiversity in the Neotropical region. We also present new information on the morphology and morphometry of strigeid metacercariae.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Trematoda; Metacercariae; Amphibian; Argentina.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000100624
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Participation of nitric oxide in the nucleus isthmi in CO2-drive to breathing in toads 56
Gargaglioni,L.H.; Branco,L.G.S..
The nucleus isthmi (NI) is a mesencephalic structure of the amphibian brain. It has been reported that NI plays an important role in integration of CO2 chemoreceptor information and glutamate is probably involved in this function. However, very little is known about the mechanisms involved. Recently, it has been shown that nitric oxide synthase (NOS) is expressed in the brain of the frog. Thus the gas nitric oxide (NO) may be involved in different functions in the brain of amphibians and may act as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator. We tested the hypothesis that NO plays a role in CO2-drive to breathing, specifically in the NI comparing pulmonary ventilation, breathing frequency and tidal volume, after microinjecting 100 nmol/0.5 µl of L-NAME (a...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Nitric oxide; Amphibian; Hypercapnia; Ventilation; Nucleus isthmi; Toad; CO2; L-NAME.
Ano: 1999 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X1999001100010
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Relationship between the genetic structure of the Andean toad Rhinella spinulosa (Anura: Bufonidae) and the northern Chile landscape (21°- 24° S) 97
GALLARDO,CAROLINA E; HERNÁNDEZ,HÉCTOR J; DINIZ-FILHO,JOSÉ A. F; PALMA,R. EDUARDO; MÉNDEZ,MARCO A.
We analyzed the relationship of landscape and environmental features on the genetic differentiation of Rhinella spinulosa (Wiegmann, 1834) in the Altiplano of Antofagasta (Chile). We performed three types of analyses at different spatial scales: (1) Considering all populations; (2) Grouping populations by watershed and by sub-watershed; and (3) Using the results of a spatial analysis of molecular variation (SAMOVA). Landscape features were incorporated using Geographic Information Systems, with three hypothetical dispersal models: (1) Euclidean distance (null model); (2) Least cost based on wetland locations; and (3) Least cost based on least slopes. We also included differences in temperature, precipitation and altitude among localities. The Akaike...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Altiplano; Amphibian; Landscape genetics; Least cost models; MtDNA.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2011000300007
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Selecting a Land Conservation Reserve for Local or Regional Ecosystem Health with Development: Amphibian Metapopulation and Residential Development 31
Jiang, Yong; Swallow, Stephen K.; Paton, Peter.
Establishing habitat corridors has been an important strategy in many conservation practices. Nonetheless, the existing literature has ignored the role habitat corridors could play in reserve network design. Based on modern ecological theory, the effectiveness of a reserve system largely depends on its connectivity, but it is less clear how recent spatial modeling of reserve network design improves the connectivity of the reserve system as required by population persistence in a highly fragmented, heterogeneous landscape. This study explicitly incorporates the idea of habitat corridor into optimal reserve design, an approach which might significantly reduce the uncertainty brought by land use change or a source-sink habitat matrix. More importantly, by...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Nature reserve; Ecosystem; Spatial configuration; Amphibian; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/19440
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Spatial imprints of plate tectonics on extant richness of terrestrial vertebrates 5
Descombes, Patrice; Leprieur, Fabien; Albouy, Camille; Heine, Christian; Pellissier, Loic.
Aim In interaction with past climate changes, it is likely that plate tectonics contributed to the shaping of current global species diversity, but so far this has not been statistically quantified at the global level. Here, we tested whether plate tectonics since the breakup of Gondwana left an imprint on current patterns of species richness of amphibians, birds and mammals. Location Global. Methods We reconstructed the absolute positions of continental plates since the Early Cretaceous and used this information to derive variables of latitudinal shifts and potential exchanges among landmasses that could have modulated species richness. Using a multi-model inference approach combining both contemporary and historical variables, we quantified the...
Tipo: Text Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Bird; Continental drift; Diversity; Indo-Pacific; Madagascar; Mammal; Plate tectonics; Southeast Asia; Wallace line.
Ano: 2017 URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00373/48413/48711.pdf
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Species composition and density estimates of the anurofauna of a site within the northernmost large Atlantic Forest remnant (Parque Estadual do Desengano) in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 49
Siqueira,Carla da Costa; Vrcibradic,Davor; Almeida-Gomes,Mauricio; Menezes,Vanderlaine Amaral; Borges-Junior,Vitor Nelson Teixeira; Hatano,Fábio Haruki; Pontes,Jorge Antônio Lourenço; Goyannes-Araújo,Pablo; Guedes,Diego Medeiros; van Sluys,Monique; Rocha,Carlos Frederico Duarte.
We present data on species composition, relative abundance and estimated densities for leaf-litter anuran amphibians from an Atlantic Forest area within the Parque Estadual do Desengano, in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, based on results of a short-term survey carried out during the winter at altitudes of 1000-1500 m. Three sampling methods were used: plot sampling, visual encounter surveys (VES; performed during the day, at the twilight, and at night), and pitfall traps. We recorded 13 species, with the direct-developer Ischnocnema parva (Girard, 1853) being the most abundant. Most frogs (ca. 90% of all individuals) sampled by VES were captured during the crepuscular and nocturnal periods. The estimated density of the local leaf-litter frog...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Atlantic Forest; Density estimate; Southeastern Brazil; Survey.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032011000400014
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Study on the population structure of the paradoxical frog, Pseudis bolbodactyla (Amphibia: Anura: Hylidae), using natural markings for individual identification 103
Ramalho,Werther P.; Jorge,Rafael F.; Baiocchi,Leandro B.; Peña,Alfredo P.; Pires,Ricardo A. P..
The goal of this study was to assess the population structure of Pseudis bolbodactyla Lutz, 1925 using natural markings to identify individuals. Recruitment, survival, and population size estimations were obtained using the Jolly-Seber stochastic method. A total of 166 individuals were captured, and the striped, spotted, and dotted patterns that make their recognition possible were recorded. Of the specimens captured, 27 were recaptured, including some at pre and post-metamorphic stages. The estimate maximum population size was 52. The indices of survival and recruitment varied among samplings. Sexual dimorphism in size and in the operational sex ratio were detected. Despite the limited scope of our characterization of the P. bolbodactyla population, our...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Capture-recapture; Cerrado; Photograph; Estimate.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702013000600006
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The diet of Scinax angrensis (Lutz) tadpoles in an area of the Atlantic Forest (Mangaratiba, Rio de Janeiro) (Amphibia, Anura, Hylidae) 104
Sousa Filho,Izidro F. de; Branco,Christina C.; Carvalho-e-Silva,Ana M. P. Telles de; Silva,Guilherme R. da; Sabagh,Leandro T..
Scinax angrensis (Lutz, 1973) is an endemic species, which occurs in low altitude hillside forests, distributed from the municipalities of Mangaratiba to Parati in the south of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The aim of this study was to compare the morphology of S. angrensis tadpoles in two different stages of development, and verify their feeding spectrum. The mouth morphology of the two stages studied (27 and 37) appeared similar, with a difference in the size of the oral opening as well as an increase in the dimensions of the body. The examined species presented a trophic spectrum comprised of algae, protozoan, rotifers, microcrustaceans, nematodes, vegetation and invertebrate remains, fungus hyphae, and sand grains. Significant differences were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Natural diet.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752007000400012
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The island rule in the Brazilian frog Phyllodytes luteolus (Anura: Hylidae): incipient gigantism? 103
Mageski,Marcio; Ferreira,Rodrigo B.; Jesus,Paulo R.; Costa,Larissa C. da; Roper,James J.; Ferreira,Paulo D..
ABSTRACT The island rule suggests that, when mainland animals are isolated on islands, large animals tend to become smaller, while small animals tend to become larger. A small frog in eastern Brazil, Phyllodytes luteolus (Wied-Neuwied, 1824), is widely distributed in association with bromeliads. At the end of the last glaciation, parts of the mainland became islands due to rising sea levels, thereby isolating frog populations on these islands. If the island rule holds, we predicted that frogs on islands would tend to be larger than frogs on the mainland. We compared sizes (weight and length) of 30 randomly selected male frogs from the mainland with 30 from an island in the state of Espírito Santo, Brazil. We also sampled population density on the island...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Bromeliad; Amphibian; Anuran; Bromeligenous.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1984-46702015000500329
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The role of phytophysiognomies and seasonality on the structure of ground-dwelling anuran (Amphibia) in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil 42
MARAGNO,FRANCIÉLE P.; SANTOS,TIAGO G.; CECHIN,SONIA Z..
ABSTRACTConsidering that habitat use by amphibians is related both with climate and environmental features, we tested the hypothesis that anuran assemblages found in different phytophysiognomies and in different seasons vary in structure. Additionally, we searched for species which can be indicators of habitat and seasons. The study was conducted in the Pampa biome, southern Brazil. Sampling was done through pitfall traps placed in three phytophysiognomies: grassland, ecotone grassland/forest; and forest. The seasonality factor was created by grouping months in warn and cold seasons. Sixteen species were found and the assemblages were influenced both by phytophysiognomies and climatic seasonality. In a paired comparison, the three phytophysiognomies...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Amphibian; Community; Ecotone; Pitfalls traps; Seasons.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652013000301105
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Ultrastructural characteristics of the lung of Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri (Weyenberg, 1875) (Anura, Bufonidae) 47
Hermida,Gladys N.; Farías,Alejandro; Fiorito,Luisa E..
The lung of the toad, Melanophryniscus stelzneri stelzneri was studied using scanning and transmission electron microscopy. In M.s.stelzneri the parenchyma forms a polygonal network arrangement, therefore the parenchyma is edicular. These spaces are delimited by the interconnection of third order septa which are covered by respiratory epithelium. Small patches of ciliated epithelium without goblet cells appear irregularly distributed on the septa. The respiratory epithelium consists of one type of pneumocyte, which shows characteristics of both type I and type II alveolar cells of higher vertebrates. The pneumocytes are irregular in shape and possess attenuated cytoplasmic processes, which spread around the capillaries to form the outer layer of the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Lung ultrastructure; Respiratory epithelium; Electronic microscopic; Toad; Amphibian.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-95452002000300005
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北海道東部における中・小型哺乳類, 爬虫類および両生類の交通事故 19
Yanagawa, Hisashi; Akisawa, Masae.
Road kills of medium- and small-sized mammals, reptiles and amphibians were surveyed in eastern Hokkaido, northern Japan. Four hundreds and fifty-five carcasses of medium- and small-sized mammals, 17 carcasses of reptiles and 1051 carcasses of amphibians were collected from April 1996 to March 1998. In mammals, the species with the highest number of casualties due to traffic accidents was the Big-clawed Shrew with a total of 152 killed, followed by Red Squirrel (94) and Red Fox (85). Road kills of reptiles were low, with only 17 mortalities of four species. In amphibians, a great majority of the mortalities were Ezo Brown Frogs with 1,044 casualties.
Palavras-chave: Road kill; Mammal; Reptile; Amphibian; Japan; 交通事故; 哺乳類; 爬虫類; 両生類; 日本.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/89
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