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An alternative for antibiotic se in poultry: probiotics Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Avic.
Edens,FW.
Over the past 50 years, there has been increasing amounts of antibiotics used prophylactically and as growth promoters. Today, there is a consumer and governmental outcry to eliminate that practice from poultry and livestock production. Evidence has been accumulated to show that there is a link between risk of zoonotic disease and growth promoting antibiotic usage in livestock and poultry. Therefore, alternatives to the use of growth promoting antibiotics must be found to promote growth or production at or near the genetic potential of the modern day broiler, turkey, and egg producer. The use of probiotics has many potential benefits and include modified host metabolism, immuno-stimulation, anti-inflammatory reactions, exclusion and killing of pathogens in...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antibiotics; Antibiotic resistance; Benefits; Characteristics; Chickens; Defined culture; Functions; History; Human health risk; Mechanism of action; Probiotics; Turkeys; Undefined culture; Zoonotic disease.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-635X2003000200001
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Antibacterial activity of the Antarctic bacterium Janthinobacterium sp: SMN 33.6 against multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria Electron. J. Biotechnol.
Asencio,Geraldine; Lavin,Paris; Alegría,Karen; Domínguez,Mariana; Bello,Helia; González-Rocha,Gerardo; González-Aravena,Marcelo.
Background The increment of resistant strains to commonly used antibiotics in clinical practices places in evidence the urgent need to search for new compounds with antibacterial activity. The adaptations that Antarctic microorganisms have developed, due to the extreme environment that they inhabit, promote them as a potential new source of active compounds for the control of microorganisms causing infections associated with health care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of an ethanol extract of the Antarctic bacterium Janthinobacterium sp., strain SMN 33.6, against nosocomial multi-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Results Inhibitory activity against human Gram-negative bacterial pathogens, with concentrations that varied...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Antarctica; Antimicrobial; Antibiotic resistance; Bacterial pigment.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582014000100001
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Antibiotic resistance and molecular typing of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: focus on imipenem BJID
Freitas,Ana Lúcia Peixoto de; Barth,Afonso Luis.
Susceptibility tests by disk diffusion and by E-test and molecular typing by macrorestriction analysis were performed to determine the relatedness of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from three distinct hospitals. The resistance profile of 124 isolates to 8 antimicrobial agents was determined in three different hospitals, in Porto Alegre, Brazil. Frequencies of susceptibility ranged from 43.9% for carbenicillin to 87.7% for ceftazidime. Cross-resistance data of imipenem-resistant isolates indicated that most (70%) were also resistant to carbenicillin, although 30% remained susceptible to ceftazidime and cefepime. In general, susceptibility profiles were not able to determine relatedness among isolates of P. aeruginosa. On the other hand, molecular typing by...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Antibiotic resistance; Imipenem.
Ano: 2002 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702002000100001
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Antibiotic resistance in Salmonella Enteritidis isolated from broiler carcasses BJM
Cardoso,Martha Oliveira; Ribeiro,Aldemir Reginato; Santos,Luciana Ruschel dos; Pilotto,Fernando; Moraes,Hamilton L.S. de; Salle,Carlos Tadeu Pippi; Rocha,Silvio Luís da Silveira; Nascimento,Vladimir Pinheiro do.
Eighty Salmonella Enteritidis strains isolated from broiler carcasses between May 1995 and April 1996 in the State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, were tested for antibiotic susceptibility using the disk diffusion method. Resistance to colistin, novobiocin, erythromycin and tetracycline was observed in 100% of the isolates. The strains showed intermediate resistance at different levels to kanamycin (1.25%), enrofloxacin (3.75%), neomycin (3.75%), fosfomycin (20%), sulphonamides (86.25%) and nitrofurantoin (90%). Resistance to ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, gentamicin, polymyxin B, sulphametrim and sulphazotrim was not found. Since resistance to antibiotics especially those introduced in the last decades, was detected, it is recommended that their use must be...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Broiler carcasses; Salmonella Enteritidis.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822006000300030
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Antibiotic susceptibility profile of bacilli isolated from the skin of healthy humans BJM
Tarale,Prashant; Gawande,Sonali; Jambhulkar,Vinay.
Abstract In the present work, twelve bacilli were isolated from four different regions of human skin from Bela population of Nagpur district, India. The isolated bacilli were identified by their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. Seven isolates were Gram negative rods, out of which five were belong to genus Pseudomonas. Three among the five Gram positive isolates were identified as Dermabactor and the remaining two Bacillus. Their antimicrobial susceptibility profile was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to several currently used broad-spectrum antibiotics. The Dermabactor genus was resistant to vancomycin, although it was earlier reported to be susceptible. Imipenem was found to be the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Identification; Microflora; Nosocomial; Opportunistic.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822015000401111
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Antimicrobial susceptibility of hospital acquired Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolate biofilms BJID
Sun,Erlin; Liang,Gehong; Wang,Lining; Wei,Wenjie; Lei,Mingde; Song,Shiduo; Han,Ruifa; Wang,Yubao; Qi,Wei.
Abstract Aims We sought to characterize the antibiotic susceptibility of strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolated from clinical samples, and the role of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilm in antibiotic resistance. Methods Fifty-one clinical Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates were obtained from patients with nosocomial infection in the surgical wards and ICUs of six general hospitals in Tianjin, China. In vitro models of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia biofilms were established and confirmed by scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy with silver staining. The minimal inhibitory concentrations and biofilm inhibitory concentrations of commonly used antibiotics were determined. Results 47 of 51 strains were resistant to three or...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia; Biofilm; Antibiotic resistance; Nosocomial.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702016000400365
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Bacterial Resistance and the Optimal Use of Antibiotics AgEcon
Laxminarayan, Ramanan.
The increasing resistance of harmful biological organisms (bacteria, parasites, and pests) to selection pressure from the widespread use of control agents such as antibiotics, antimalarials, and pesticides is a serious problem in both medicine and agriculture. Modeling resistance-or, conversely, the effectiveness of these control agents as a biological resource-yields insights into how these agents should be optimally managed to maximize their economic benefit to society. This paper uses a model of evolution of bacterial resistance to antibiotics-in which resistance places an evolutionary disadvantage on the resistant organism-to develop a simple sequential algorithm of optimal antibiotic use. Although the solution to this problem follows the...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Natural resource; Optimization; Health Economics and Policy; I0; Q0.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10479
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Bactericidal antibiotic-phytochemical combinations against methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus BJM
Kyaw,Bhone Myint; arora,Shuchi; Lim,Chu Sing.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is a global concern nowadays. Due to its multi-drug resistant nature, treatment with conventional antibiotics does not assure desired clinical outcomes. Therefore, there is a need to find new compounds and/or alternative methods to get arsenal against the pathogen. Combination therapies using conventional antibiotics and phytochemicals fulfill both requirements. In this study, the efficacy of different phytochemicals in combination with selected antibiotics was tested against 12 strains of S. aureus (ATCC MRSA 43300, ATCC methicillin sensitive S. aureus or MSSA 29213 and 10 MRSA clinical strains collected from National University Hospital, Singapore). Out of the six phytochemicals used, tannic...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Phytochemicals; Antibiotic combinations; Synergism; Antibiotic resistance; Methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Ano: 2012 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822012000300013
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Bacteriocins produced by L. fermentum and L .acidophilus can inhibit cephalosporin resistant E .coli. BJM
Riaz,Saba; Nawaz,Syed Kashif; Hasnain,Shahida.
Reemerging infections occur due to resistant bacteria. Such infections create restrictions for clinicians and microbiologists in drug selection. Such problems demand new strategies for solution. Use of bacteriocins for this purpose may be fruitful. In the present research work, the inhibitory effects of bactericins on cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli are used as model system for the control of antibiotic resistant pathogenic bacteria. Cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli strain was isolated from pus by using conventional methodology. For bacteriocin production, Lactobacilli strains were selected by using selective media. Out of seventy two strains isolated from yogurt, fecal materials of human, chick, parrot and cat, only two strains (strain 45...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli; Bacteriocin; Antibiotic resistance; Lactobacillus fermentum; Lactobacillus acidophilus.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822010000300015
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BCG lymphadenopathy detected in a BCG-vaccinated infant BJMBR
Barouni,A.S.; Augusto,C.; Queiroz,M.V.N.P.; Lopes,M.T.P.; Zanini,M.S.; Salas,C.E..
Large-scale vaccination with BCG, the live attenuated strain of Mycobacterium bovis, is being adopted around the world, although sporadic complications have occurred after the procedure. Lymphadenopathy is not uncommon especially in babies under one year (0.73% of vaccinated infants), but the swelling subsides within 2 months in most cases, with no medical or surgical treatment. Brazil adopted BCG vaccination program earlier in the seventies and by 1995 more than 96% of the infant population received this immunization. We report here the occurrence of lymphadenopathy in a two-year-old child vaccinated with the Brazilian BCG strain. The diagnosis was made using a lymph node biopsy and intestinal aspirates that yielded a positive mycobacterial culture. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG); Vaccination; Polymerase chain reaction; Lymphadenopathy; Antibiotic resistance.
Ano: 2004 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2004000500011
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Bovine mastitis in the metropolitan area of Curitiba: antibiotic resistance and antimicrobial control of the infection BABT
Parada,José Luis; Gonçalves,Dicezar; Soccol,Vanete Tomaz; Lima,Marisa; Soccol,Carlos Ricardo.
A study from cows with mastitis was performed and Staphylococcus aureus was the predominant pathogen in 46.4 % among 153 studied strains from 276 milk samples of infected cows. Antibiotic resistance of 71 S. aureus isolates was determined in order to search resistant strains to antibiotics of clinical interest, as well as to determine their degree of multi-resistance. It was found that 60% of the S. aureus strains presented resistance to β-lactams, but none to oxacillin, teicoplamin or vancomycin. On the other hand, with the aim of reducing the use of current antibiotics and their associated resistance, a new formulation was introduced. The antimicrobial compounds (P22-P32), demonstrated to be effective in 55% of the 76 mastitis cases studied. The use of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Mastitis; Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Infection reduction.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-89132011000400009
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Characterization of the variable region in the class 1 integron of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from surface water BJM
Canal,Natália; Meneghetti,Karine Lena; Almeida,Clara Ponzi de; Bastos,Marina da Rosa; Otton,Letícia Muner; Corção,Gertrudes.
Abstract Fecal bacteria are considered to be a potential reservoir of antimicrobial resistance genes in the aquatic environment and could horizontally transfer these genes to autochthonous bacteria when carried on transferable and/or mobile genetic elements. Such circulation of resistance genes constitutes a latent public health hazard. The aim of this study was to characterize the variable region of the class 1 integron and relate its genetic content to resistance patterns observed in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from the surface waters of Patos Lagoon, Southern Brazil. Genetic diversity of the isolates and presence of the qacEΔ1 gene, which confers resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds, were also investigated. A total of 27...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Class 1 integron; Superficial water; Escherichia coli.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822016000200337
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Clinical and microbiological observational study on AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in a hospital of Nepal BJID
Baral,Pankaj; Neupanea,Sanjiv; Shresthac,Basudha; Ghimirea,Kashi Ram; Marasinia,Bishnu Prasad; Lekhaka,Binod.
Limited information is available regarding AmpC β-lactamase (ABL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae compared to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria. Since ABL-producing organisms are often resistant to multiple antimicrobial agents, therapeutic options against these pathogens are limited. Among 230 clinical Enterobacteriaceae isolates, 64 (27.8%) were found to produce ABL in our study. Escherichia coli (83.9%) was a predominant pathogen, followed by Citrobacter freundii (5.2%). A significant proportion of ABL-producing isolates (81.3%) were found to be multidrug resistant against commonly used antibiotics. Univariate analysis showed that prior history of taking antibiotics (odds ratio [OR], 5.278; confidence interval [CI], 2.838-9.817; p <...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: AmpC β-lactamase; Enterobacteriaceae; Antibiotic resistance.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000200022
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Clonal profile, virulence and resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk BJM
Martins,Katheryne Benini; Faccioli-Martins,Patricia Yoshida; Riboli,Danilo Flávio Moraes; Pereira,Valéria Cataneli; Fernandes,Simone; Oliveira,Aline A.; Dantas,Ariane; Zafalon,Luiz Francisco; Cunha,Maria de Lourdes Ribeiro de Souza da.
The objective of this study was to characterize the clonal profile, virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance, particularly oxacillin resistance, of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from sheep milk. Milk samples were collected from all teats for the California Mastitis Test (CMT), somatic cell count, identification of S. aureus, investigation in these strains of genes encoding toxins (sea, seb, sec, sed, tst), biofilm (icaA, icaC, icaD, bap), leukocidin (luk-PV) oxacillin resistance by mecA gene detection and susceptibility testing (12 antibiotics). Messenger RNA expression was evaluated by RT-PCR in isolates carrying toxin and biofilm genes. Biofilm formation was also evaluated phenotypically by adherence to polystyrene plates. The clonal profile of S....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Mastitis; Sheep; Staphylococcus aureus; Antibiotic resistance; Virulence factors.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822015000200535
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Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying SCCmec type IV and V isolated from healthy children attending public daycares in northeastern Brazil BJID
Carvalho,Suzi P. de; Almeida,Jéssica B. de; Andrade,Yasmin M.F.S.; Silva,Lucas S.C. da; Oliveira,Arianne C. de; Nascimento,Flávia S.; Campos,Guilherme B.; Oliveira,Márcio V.; Timenetsky,Jorge; Marques,Lucas M..
Abstract Nasal colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) have increasingly been reported in healthy communities. This study aimed to assess the rate of S. aureus in general and MRSA in particular from nasal secretion of children in daycare centers in Vitória da Conquista, Brazil. The isolates were identified based on morphology, biochemical tests and by PCR. Detection of virulence genes, biofilm production, and susceptibility test by disk diffusion agar were performed. MRSA isolates were characterized by spa, SCCmec, and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). S. aureus were recovered from 70 (47.3%) of 148 children. Among the 11 MRSA strains (15.7%), two SCCmec types (IV and V) were detected. MLST identified four STs related to three...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: CA-MRSA; Antibiotic resistance; SCCmec; MLST.
Ano: 2017 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702017000400464
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Complete genome sequence of human pathogen Kosakonia cowanii type strain 888-76T BJM
Yang,Xue-Jing; Wang,Sai; Cao,Jun-Min; Hou,Jia-Hui.
ABSTRACT Kosakonia cowanii type strain 888-76T is a human pathogen which was originally isolated from blood as NIH group 42. In this study, we report the complete genome sequence of K. cowanii 888-76T. 888-76T has 1 chromosome and 2 plasmids with a total genome size of 4,857,567 bp and C+G 56.15%. This genome sequence will not only help us to understand the virulence features of K. cowanii 888-76T but also provide us the useful information for the study of evolution of Kosakonia genus.
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Kosakonia cowanii; Genome sequence; Antibiotic resistance.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822018000100016
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Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins upon hospital admission: risk factors and clinical outcomes BJID
Oliveira,Mirian Cristina; Oliveira,Clara Rodrigues Alves; Gonçalves,Karine Valéria; Santos,Marciléa Silva; Tardelli,Amanda Cristina Silva; Nobre Jr.,Vandack Alencar.
Objectives: Evaluate risk factors and clinical outcomes of infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae resistant to third-generation cephalosporins present in samples collected upon hospital admission.Methods: Risk factors were evaluated using a 1:2 ratio case-control study. Influence of resistance on the appropriateness of antibiotic therapy, length of stay, and hospital mortality were prospectively evaluated. Characteristics independently associated with the presence of resistant enterobacteria were assessed by logistic regression.Results: Enterobacteria resistant to third-generation cephalosporins were quite common (26.0%). Male gender (OR: 2.66; 95% CI, 1.17-5.06; p= 0.019), invasive prosthesis (OR: 3.79; 95% CI, 1.29-11.08; p= 0.015), previous use of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Enterobacteriaceae; Third generation cephalosporins; Risk factors; Antibiotic resistance.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702015000300239
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Environmental and genetic factors affecting mutability to aminoglycoside antibiotics among Escherichia coli K12 strains Genet. Mol. Biol.
Monteiro,A.C.M.; Ferreira,R.C.C; Padilla,G.; Ferreira,L.C.S.; Costa,S.O.P..
Environmental and genetic factors affecting the in vitro spontaneous mutation frequencies to aminoglycoside resistance in Escherichia coli K12 were investigated. Spontaneous mutation frequencies to kanamycin resistance were at least 100 fold higher on modified Luria agar (L2) plates, when compared to results obtained in experiments carried out with Nutrient agar (NA) plates. In contrast to rifampincin, the increased mutability to kanamycin resistance could not be attributed to a mutator phenotype expressed by DNA repair defective strains. Kanamycin mutant selection windows and mutant preventive concentrations on L2 plates were at least fourfold higher than on NA plates, further demonstrating the role of growth medium composition on the mutability to...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Antibiotic resistance; Aminoglycosides; Escherichia coli K12; Mutator strains; Spontaneous mutantion frequencies.
Ano: 2003 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1415-47572003000200017
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Expression of the marA, soxS, acrB and ramA genes related to the AcrAB/TolC efflux pump in Salmonella entérica strains with and without quinolone resistance-determining regions gyrA gene mutations BJID
Ferrari,Rafaela Gomes; Galiana,Antonio; Cremades,Rosa; Rodríguez,Juan Carlos; Magnani,Marciane; Tognim,Maria Cristina Bronharo; Oliveira,Tereza C.R.M.; Royo,Gloria.
Several studies have been conducted in recent years to elucidate the structure, function and significance of AcrB, MarA, SoxS and RamA in Salmonella enterica. In this study, the relative quantification of acrB, soxS, marA and ramA genes expression was evaluated in 14 strains of S. enterica, with or without accompanying mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of the gyrA gene, that were exposed to ciprofloxacin during the exponential growth phase. The presence of ciprofloxacin during the log phase of bacterial growth activated the genes marA, soxS, ramA and acrB in all S. enterica strains analyzed in this study. The highest expression levels for acrB were observed in strains with gyrA mutation, and marA showed the highest expression in the...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Salmonella sp.; Fluoroquinolone; Efflux pump; Antibiotic resistance.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1413-86702013000200002
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Factors associated with bacteremia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacilli in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients BJMBR
Garnica,M.; Maiolino,A.; Nucci,M..
The epidemiology of bacteremia developing during neutropenia has changed in the past decade, with the re-emergence of Gram-negative (GN) bacteria and the development of multidrug resistance (MDR) among GN bacteria. We conducted a case-control study in order to identify factors associated with bacteremia due to multidrug-resistant Gram-negative (MDRGN) isolates in hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Ten patients with MDRGN bacteremia were compared with 44 patients with GN bacteremia without MDR. Bacteremia due to Burkholderia or Stenotrophomonas sp was excluded from analysis (3 cases), because the possibility of intrinsical resistance. Infection due to MDRGN bacteria occurred in 2.9% of 342 hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients....
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Hematopoietic stem cell transplant; Neutropenia; Gram-negative bacteria; Antibiotic resistance; Risk factors.
Ano: 2009 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-879X2009000300010
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