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Intellectual Property Rights and Crop-Improving R&D under Adaptive Destruction AgEcon
Yerokhin, Oleg; Moschini, GianCarlo.
This paper studies how the strength of intellectual property rights (IPRs) affects investments in biological innovations when the value of an innovation is stochastically reduced to zero because of the evolution of pest resistance. We frame the problem as a research and development (R&D) investment game in a duopoly model of sequential innovation. We characterize the incentives to invest in R&D under two competing IPR regimes, which differ in their treatment of the follow-on innovations that become necessary because of pest adaptation. Depending on the magnitude of the R&D cost, ex ante firms might prefer an intellectual property regime with or without a "research exemption" provision. The study of the welfare function that also accounts for...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biological resistance; Intellectual property rights; Markov perfect equilibrium; Patents; Research exemption; R&D; Sequential innovation; Crop Production/Industries; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2007 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10008
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Wollastonite to hinder growth of Aspergillus niger fungus on cotton textile Anais da ABC (AABC)
TAGHIYARI,HAMID R.; MAJIDINAJAFABADI,REZA; VAHIDZADEH,REZA.
Abstract Effects of Aspergillus niger was investigated on the strength of cotton textile specimens impregnated with nano-wollastonite, and then compared with normal specimens. Cotton strips were cut and prepared in warp and wept directions according to the standard specifications ASTM D-5035. Results showed that incubation of A. niger on specimens for three months resulted in a significant decrease in tensile stress as well as weight mass change in both directions. Impregnating specimens with NW ameliorated the negative effects of fungal attack on tensile stress to a considerable extent. Moreover, weight change was significantly decreased. It is concluded that NW positively protect cotton textile against A. nigra; the ultimate NW-content should be studied...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Biological resistance; Cotton fabric; Fungal degradation; Mineral materials; Textile; Wollastonite.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652018000602797
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