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Coping with ex ante Regulations and ex post Liability Rules for Planting Bt-maize – The Portuguese Experience 31
Skevas, Theodoros; Fevereiro, P.; Wesseler, Justus.
This study investigates the attitude and practices of GM and non-GM maize farmers in Portugal. Thirty seven GM maize farmers were interviewed representing 22.5% of the total number of GM maize notifications in the country. Additionally, 66 non-GM maize farmers were surveyed in an attempt to investigate their opinion on the Bt technology, its viability and its future. The most interesting finding is that almost half of all the surveyed maize farmers (GM and non-GM) stated that the ex ante regulations are rigid and difficult to apply. On the contrary, the ex post tort liability rules are very clear and provide the appropriate security for the continuation of the GM maize cultivation.
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Bt-maize; Portugal; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44189
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Daily variation of zooplankton abundance and evenness in the Rosana reservoir, Brazil: biotic and abiotic inferences 76
Takahashi,Érica M.; Lansac-Tôha,Fábio A.; Dias,Juliana D.; Bonecker,Claudia C..
The zooplankton community presents stochastic temporal fluctuation and heterogeneous spatial variation determined by the relationships among the organisms and environmental conditions. We predicted that the temporal and spatial zooplankton distribution is heterogeneous and discrete, respectively, and that the daily variation of most abundant species is related to environmental conditions, specifically the availability of resources. Zooplankton samples were collected daily at three sampling stations in a lateral arm of the Rosana Reservoir (SP/PR). The zooplankton did not present significant differences in abundance and evenness among sampling stations, but the temporal variation of these attributes was significant. Abiotic variables and algal resource...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Temporal variation; Rotifers; Microcrustaceans; Coexistence; Competition.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0073-47212014000100003
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Das neue Gentechnikgesetz - ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz? 31
Becker, Alexander; Holm-Muller, Karin.
In addition to existing juridical analyses of the new German act for genetic engineering, this article deals with an environmental economic assessment. It is examined what kind of external costs will arise by using/applying genetic engineering and how they will be allocated. Our focus is on the costs that explicitly evolve from the societal postulated coexistence of conventional/ organic farms and users of biotechnology. If the protection of the existing production is accepted, as postulated by politics, the new act internalizes the so called market losses relatively well. In this context, the design of precautionary duties that have to be still established by law is of utmost importance. To avoid the dangers of an excessive liability by the farmer, it is...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Act for genetic engineering; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Agricultural and Food Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; K32; Q55.
Ano: 2005 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18775
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Das neue Gentechnikgesetz – ein Gentechnikverhinderungsgesetz? Eine umweltökonomische Analyse der haftungsrechtlichen Neuerungen im Gentechnikgesetz 31
Becker, Alexander; Holm-Muller, Karin.
In this article, legal consequences of the new German genetic engineering act are analyzed. In addition environmental economic analysis is presented of those parts of the act that introduce new litigation regulation to farmers. The different kinds of external costs arising from genetic engineering of plants and their allocation to different actors are considered. The paper focuses on the costs resulting from the postulated coexistence of conventional/organic farms and users of biotechnology. Excessive liability of farmers can be avoided, if the producers of genetically modified seeds accept any litigation claims against farmers. Furthermore, negotiations between neighbouring farms can be an option to keep the costs of damage prevention at reasonable levels.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Genetic engineering act; Liability; Coexistence; Market loss; Precautionary principle; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/97315
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Detection of multi drug resistant bacteria in major hospitals in Kano, North-West, Nigeria 58
Yusuf,I.; Arzai,A.H.; Haruna,M.; Sharif,A.A.; Getso,M.I..
Two major hospitals in Kano, North West Nigeria have recorded increasing resistance of clinical pathogens to broad spectrum β lactams, mediated by extended spectrum β- lactamase (ESβL) and non ESBLs. A study was therefore undertaken to determine the occurrence and prevalence of plasmid and chromosomal mediated AmpC βL and carbapenemase in addition to already known ESBL due to increasing resistance of pathogens from the two hospitals to carbapenems, cephamycins and flouroquinolones. Antibiogram tests and ESBL, AmpC and carbapenemase production tests were performed on all the isolates. AmpC and carbapenemase producers were further screened for AmpC inducibility and metallo beta lactamase production respectively. Majority of the isolates (> 80%) were...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: AmpC β-lactamases; Extended spectrum β-lactamases; Coexistence; Prevalence; Gram negative bacteria.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1517-83822014000300005
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Disturbance and distributions: avoiding exclusion in a warming world 7
Sheil, Douglas; Department of Ecology and Natural Resource Management (INA), Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU); Douglas.Sheil@nmbu.no.
I highlight how disturbance determines species distributions and the implications for conservation practice. In particular, I describe opportunities to mitigate some of the threats to species resulting from climate change. Ecological theory shows that disturbance processes can often slow or prevent the exclusion of species by competitors and that different disturbance regimes result in different realized niches. There is much evidence of disturbance influencing where species occur. For example, disturbance can lower the high elevation treeline, thus expanding the area for high elevation vegetation that cannot otherwise persist under tree cover. The role of disturbance in influencing interspecific competition and resulting species persistence and...
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Insight Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Competition-colonization trade-off; Competitive displacement; Competitive hierarchy; Elevation; Intermediate-disturbance-hypothesis; Source-sink dynamics; Succession.
Ano: 2016
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Food partitioning between sympatric species of Serrapinnus (Osteichthyes, Cheirodontinae) in a tropical stream - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v33i2.7593 3
Alves, Gustavo Henrique Zaia; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Tófoli, Raffael Marcos; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Novakowski, Gisele Caroline; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Hahn, Norma Segatti; UEM.
This study investigated the feeding habits of Serrapinnus microdon and S. calliurus and possible seasonal differences (rainy and dry seasons) in the utilization of food. The fish were collected monthly in Cancela stream, in the basin of the Manso/Cuiabá rivers in the State of Mato Grosso, from March 2003 to February 2004. Both species preferentially consumed resources of autochthonous origin, independently of the season. The diet of S. microdon was basically composed by immature forms of aquatic insects, with Chironomidae and Ephemeroptera predominating during the entire study period, thus showing a restricted diet (Ba = 0.27 in the rainy season, and 0.29 in the dry season). For S. calliurus, aquatic insects (especially Ephemeroptera) were equally...
Palavras-chave: Serrapinnus; Diet; Coexistence; Stream Serrapinnus; Diet; Coexistence; Stream.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/7593
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Food resource partitioning among species of Astyanax (Characiformes: Characidae) in the Lower Iguaçu River and tributaries, Brazil 83
Pini,Suelen F. R.; Abelha,Milza C. F.; Kashiwaqui,Elaine A. L.; Delariva,Rosilene L.; Makrakis,Sergio; Makrakis,Maristela C..
ABSTRACT Resource partitioning allows for interspecific coexistence and is frequently reported for similar species. Here, we predicted the existence of resource partitioning among species of Astyanax that co-occur in the Low Iguaçu River and tributaries in Brazil. A total of 848 stomachs of five species of Astyanax were analyzed. Algae, terrestrial plant and fruit/seed were the most consumed resources. Astyanax bifasciatus and A. dissimilis had predominantly herbivorous diets, A. gymnodontus and A. lacustris were omnivorous, and A. minor was mainly algivorous. Permutational analysis of variance showed the species had different diets, and similarity percentage analysis indicated that fruit/seed and terrestrial plant contributed the most to this...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Congeneric species; Diet; Diet overlap; Niche theory.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252019000500203
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Foraging behavior of two egg parasitoids exploiting chemical cues from the stink bug Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) 42
CINGOLANI,MARÍA FERNANDA; BARAKAT,MARÍA C.; LILJESTHRÖM,GERARDO GUSTAVO; COLAZZA,STEFANO.
Abstract: Several parasitoids attacking the same host may lead to competition. Adult parasitoids’ abilities to find, parasitize and defend hosts determine resource’s retention potential. In soybean, two egg parasitoid species, Telenomus podisi and Trissolcus urichi (Hymenoptera: Platygastridae), compete on the egg masses of Piezodorus guildinii (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) one of the major pest of this crop. We evaluated parasitoid’s abilities to exploit hosts’ footprints; and parasitoid’s behavior when competing for the same host. Both arena residence time and retention time were similar for T. podisi and T. urichi on male or female host footprints. In its turn, T. urichi reentered the area contaminated with P. guildinii more times and staid longer in it...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Biological control; Coexistence; Natural enemies; Platygastridae; Searching behavior; Stink bugs.
Ano: 2019 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0001-37652019000500867
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How do GM / non GM coexistence regulations affect markets and welfare? 31
Desquilbet, Marion; Poret, Sylvaine.
This paper presents a theoretical economic model assessing the effect of the level of mandatory genetically modified (GM) / non-GM coexistence regulations on market and welfare outcome. We assume vertical differentiation of GM and non-GM goods on the consumer side. Producers are heterogeneous in their cost savings from GMO adoption. Producers of non-GM crops face a probability of having their harvest downgraded if gene flow from GM fields makes its GMO content above the labeling threshold. The government may impose to GMO producers mandatory ex ante isolation distances from non-GM fields in order to decrease the probability of non-GM harvest downgrading. It may also introduce an ex post compensation to non-GMO farmers for profit losses due to harvest...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Coexistence; Identity preservation; Regulation; Liability; Vertical differentiation; Law and economics; Marketing; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114757
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INTERFERENCE PERIODS AMONG WEEDS AND SOYBEAN RR TM CROPS IN THE WESTERN CENTER AREA OF THE BRAZILIAN STATE OF PARANÁ 87
SILVA,A.A.P.; OLIVEIRA NETO,A.M.; GUERRA,N.; HELVIG,E.O.; MACIEL,C.D.G..
ABSTRACT One of the factors that can influence soybeans yield is the interference imposed by weeds. This research has aimed to determine the critical period of weed interference on cv. INT 6100 RRTM soybeans. The experiment was conducted under field conditions at Campo Mourão County, Parana State, in the 2013/2014 harvest, using randomized blocks, arranged in a 2 x 8 factorial, with four replications. In the first factor, the coexistence (period before weed interference) and control (total period of weed interference prevention) periods were assessed. The second factor consisted of management times of weed species (0, 7, 14, 28, 35, 49, 56 and 130 days after emergence - DAE). The evaluations performed were density and shoot dry matter of the weed...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Weed control; Competition; Glycine max.
Ano: 2015 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-83582015000400707
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KONSEQUENZEN DER WELTWEIT ZUNEHMENDEN VERBREITUNG GENTECHNISCH VERÄNDERTER PFLANZEN IN DER LEBENS- UND FUTTERMITTELPRODUKTION IN DEUTSCHLAND 31
Hirzinger, Tobias; Menrad, Klaus.
Seit der ersten Aussaat 1996 in den USA nimmt die Anbaufläche transgener Pflanzen jährlich stetig zu und 2005 wurden weltweit auf 90 Mio. ha transgene Pflanzen angebaut. In der EU wurden in den letzten Jahren umfangreiche gesetzliche Regelungen erlassen, welche die Zulassung, die Kennzeichnung und das Monitoring gentechnisch veränderter Organismen (GVO) regeln. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde untersucht, welche Konsequenzen der weltweite Anbau gentechnisch veränderter Pflanzen, unter Beachtung der europäischen Gentechnikgesetzgebung, für die Lebens- und Futtermittelindustrie in Deutschland hat. Empirische Grundlage ist eine umfassende schriftliche Befragung, die 2005 durchgeführt wurde. Das Ergebnis dieser Studie zeigt, dass vor allem Rohstoffimporte aus...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Genetic Modification; Law; Food; Feed; GMO; Coexistence; Labelling; Traceability; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14964
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Ontogenetic diet shifts of Oreochromis niloticus and Tilapia rendalli of the Barra Bonita reservoir (Tietê river, São Paulo State, Brazil) - doi: 10.4025/actascibiolsci.v34i3.9971 3
Zaganini, Rosangela Lopes; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Vidotto-Magnoni, Ana Paula; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”; Carvalho, Edmir Daniel; Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”.
The Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, and the Congo Tilapia, Tilapia rendalli, are important members of the African cichlids, and have been introduced to many Brazilian lakes and reservoirs. These species exhibit a large feeding flexibility and may modify their habits during their growth. In the Barra Bonita reservoir, these species are well adapted, representing more than 80% of fish. This study aimed to analyze ontogenetic variation with regard to the diet of these species in this important reservoir. Samples were taken monthly, from March 2007 to February 2008, in Anhembi, São Paulo State. Both species were analyzed by grouping individuals according to size classes. The coexistence of these species was observed in this environment, to which fish were...
Palavras-chave: 2.05.00.00-9 cichlids; Coexistence; Dam; Fish feeding; Paraná river basin Ecologia.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciBiolSci/article/view/9971
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Patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap of the fish fauna in the seasonal Brazilian Pantanal, Cuiabá River basin 83
Corrêa,Carlos Eduardo; Albrecht,Miriam Pilz; Hahn,Norma Segatti.
Spatial and temporal variations in patterns of niche breadth and feeding overlap were investigated for the fish fauna in the Pantanal region, aiming to determine the factors that account for species coexistence. Samples were conducted in the Cuiabá River and Chacororé pond, in the upper Pantanal region, Mato Grosso State, Brazil, during one hydrological cycle (March 2000 to February 2001), (designed spatial-seasonal units). Mean niche breadth values were overall low for the fish assemblage (0.2-0.3). Differences between periods were not statistically significant. Feeding overlap values ranged between 0 and 0.4, whereas the mean was always inferior to 0.05 in all spatial-temporal units, and differences between periods were not statistically significant. The...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Diet; Fishes; Floodplain; Pantanal.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1679-62252011000300017
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Policies for the regulation of coexistence between GM and conventional crops 31
Ceddia, M. Graziano; Bartlett, Mark; Perrings, Charles.
Pollen-mediated gene flow is one of the main concerns associated with the introduction of genetically modified (GM) crops, since growers of GM varieties normally do not take into account its possible impact on conventional and organic growers therefore generating negative externalities. Should a premium for non-GM varieties emerge on the market, 'contamination' with GM pollen would generate a revenue loss for growers of non-GM varieties. The existence of such externalities has led the European Union (EU) to put forward the concept of coexistence in order to guarantee farmers' freedom to plant both conventional and GM varieties without generating economic losses to conventional farmers. The first part of this paper develops a simple economic model analysing...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Pollen-mediated gene flow; Monte Carlo simulation; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44193
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Predator-prey interaction between two threatened species in a Brazilian hotspot 49
Canale,Gustavo Rodrigues; Bernardo,Christine Steiner São.
Conflicts in conservation may arise if two or more threatened species are involved in prey-predator interaction. Predators may have a profound effect on small prey populations, thus conservation actions must consider inter-specific interactions involving threatened species. Here we report nest predation events on a wild population of the Endangered red-billed curassow Crax blumenbachii Spix, 1825 by a group of the Critically Endangered yellow-breasted capuchin monkeys Sapajus xanthosternosWied-Neuwied, 1820 in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest. This is the first study to report egg predation of an threatened gamebird by an threatened primate. We recommend that systematic conservation planning for these threatened species consider interactions, especially...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/other Palavras-chave: Atlantic Forest; Coexistence; Conservation; Crax blumenbachii; Diet; Sapajus xanthosternos.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1676-06032016000100403
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Public Policy and Farm-level Strategies for Coexistence in Germany – A Case Study of Bt-maize in Brandenburg 31
Consmuller, Nicola; Beckmann, Volker; Schleyer, Christian.
The regulatory framework for growing GM crops in Germany comprises quite liberal ex-ante regulations with very strict ex-post liability rules to protect other production forms from possible negative side effects of transgenic plants. Regulation is assumed to impose additional costs on farmers who intend to plant Bt-maize. This paper investigates the significance of these costs and the possibility of minimizing them by farm-level strategies such as coordination and cooperation between the Bt-maize growing farmer and his neighbours. A case study investigating the behaviour of Bt-maize growing farmers was carried out in the Oderbruch region in the federal state of Brandenburg, Germany. This region is leading in Bt-maize cultivation in Germany and has a high...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Ex-ante regulation and ex-post liability; Germany; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/44187
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Resource partitioning and ecomorphological variation in two syntopic species of Lebiasinidae (Characiformes) in an Amazonian stream 36
SILVA,Nathália Carina dos Santos; COSTA,Aluízio José Lopes da; LOUVISE,José; SOARES,Bruno Eleres; REIS,Vanessa Cristine e Souza; ALBRECHT,Míriam Pilz; CARAMASCHI,Érica Pellegrini.
ABSTRACTResource partitioning is important for species coexistence. Species with similar ecomorphology are potential competitors, especially when phylogenetically close, due to niche conservatism. The aim of this study was to investigate the resource partitioning among populations of two species of lebiasinids (Copella nigrofasciata and Pyrrhulina aff. brevis) that co-occur in a first-order Amazonian stream, analyzing the trophic ecology, feeding strategies and ecomorphological attributes related to the use of food and space by these species. Fish were captured in May and September 2010. The stomach contents of 60 individuals were analyzed and quantified volumetrically to characterize the feeding ecology of both species. Eleven morphological attributes...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Feeding; Coexistence; Spatial segregation; Copella nigrofasciata; Pyrrhulina aff.
Ano: 2016 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672016000100025
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Spatial segregation between Chalceus guaporensis and Chalceus epakros (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) in the Madeira River, Amazon Basin 36
TORRENTE-VILARA,Gislene; CELLA-RIBEIRO,Ariana; HAUSER,Marília; RÖPKE,Cristhiana; FREITAS,Maria Helena; DORIA,Carolina Rodrigues da Costa; ZUANON,Jansen.
ABSTRACT Chalceus guaporensis is an endemic fish to the upper Madeira River whereas C. epakros is widespread in many rivers of the central and lower portions of the Amazon Basin, middle and upper Orinoco River Basin, the Essequibo River in Guyana and in the Nanay River in northern Peru. According to literature, both species do not occur in syntopy. We carried out ichthyological surveys along the Madeira River Basin and its rapids, and data on abundance, diet and habitat use were obtained for both species. Chalceus guaporensis and C. epakros are morphologically similar, occupying floodplain habitats and exploiting similar food resources. The former predominated upstream from the Jirau Fall, whereas the latter had most of its abundance bellow the last fall...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Alestidae; Coexistence; Biology; Geographical barrier; Muddy water.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0044-59672018000300239
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The coexistence of species La coexistencia de especies 97
GORDON,CALEB E..
This paper is a critical literature review on the topic of the coexistence of similar species within ecological communities. A conceptual framework is provided for dividing coexistence studies and concepts into three distinct time scales. The first six sections deal primarily with ecological-scale, or mesoscale coexistence, defined as coexistence in the classic sense of the competitive exclusion principle and Lotka-Volterra models, wherein interacting populations have had enough time to reach equilibrium. The first four sections briefly review resource partitioning studies and competitive coexistence models, and discuss the relative contributions of, and interaction between empirical and theoretical approaches to the problem of ecological-scale...
Tipo: Journal article Palavras-chave: Coexistence; Competition; Community structure; Resource partitioning; Niche.
Ano: 2000 URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-078X2000000100016
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