SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

CAPALBO, D. M. F.; ARANTES, O. M. N.; MAIA, A. G.; BORGES, I. C.; SILVEIRA, J. M. F. J. da.

Abstract: This paper analyzes the view of stakeholders on genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the implications of these views on communication strategies for agricultural biotechnology in Brazil. It identifies and describes common groups of attitudes toward GMOs using multivariate statistical analyses. The study then looks for patterns of association between the common attitude groups and the following variables: socioeconomic characteristics trust in institutions as information sources and familiarity with the Brazilian biosafety authority. The article contributes to the understanding of public awareness by highlighting how information sources, trust in institutions, and socioeconomic characteristics, such as age and occupational qualification, play...

Tipo: Separatas

Palavras-chave: Public Awareness; Consumer Perception; GM Plants; Brazilian Agriculture; Communication Strategy; Genetically modified organisms; Stakeholders; Biotechnology; Agricultural communications.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1103897

Agricultural Sustainability and the Introduction of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs)

Tisdell, Clement A..

In order to cater for the predicted growth in global population and aspirations for increased living standards, the world needs to increase substantially its level of agricultural production and sustain agriculture’s increased productivity. New technologies may enable this to occur but they also bring with them increased sustainability problems. There are many complex dimensions to achieving agricultural sustainability such as deciding on what agricultural attributes are worth sustaining and considering what trade-offs in objectives are required. These issues are discussed from a conceptual point of view. It is also shown using economic theory that market-based agriculture limits the opportunity for individual farmers to adopt sustainable agricultural...

AN INITIAL LOOK AT THE TOKYO GRAIN EXCHANGE NON-GMO SOYBEAN CONTRACT

Palavras-chave: Agricultural development; Agricultural sustainability; Biodiversity; Co-evolution; Economic sustainability; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Monopolisation; Patents; Social sustainability.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q000; Q010; Q200; Q300; Q500; Q570.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55335

Are good ideas enough?: The impact of socio-economic and regulatory factors on GMO commercialisation

Parcell, Joseph L..

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) such as soybeans and corn have garnered considerable consumer attention due to the concern over potential effects from using these commodities as inputs into food production. In the simplest form, segregation of bioengineered and non-bioengineered crops is an identity-preserved system. For these identity-preserved systems to exist, there must be a market discovery mechanism in place whereby supply and demand factors interact to establish a market price. In May 2000, the Tokyo Grain Exchange began a nongenetically modified organism (non-GMO) soybean contract. This article describes information garnered from the first public-offered identity-preserved marketplace.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity-preserved markets; Non-GMO; Soybean contract; Tokyo Grain Exchange; Marketing.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14684

Biol. Res.

Vàzquez-Salat,Núria.

In recent years scientific literature has seen an increase in publications describing new transgenic applications. Although technically-sound, these promising developments might not necessarily translate into products available to the consumer. This article highlights the impact of external factors on the commercial viability of Genetically Modified (GM) animals in the pharmaceutical and food sectors. Through the division of the production chain into three Policy Domains -Science, Market and Public- I present an overview of the broad range of regulatory and socio-economic components that impacts on the path towards commercialisation of GM animals. To further illustrate the unique combination of forces that influence each application, I provide an in-depth...

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; GM animals; Policy domains; Governance; Socio-economic factors.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0716-97602013000400002

Biological characteristics of black armyworm Spodoptera cosmioides on genetically modified soybean and corn crops that express insecticide Cry proteins

Rev. Bras. entomol.

Silva,Gabriela Vieira; de Freitas Bueno,Adeney; Bortolotto,Orcial Ceolin; dos Santos,Antônio César; Pomari-Fernandes,Aline.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the development and reproduction of the black armyworm, Spodoptera cosmioides when larvae fed on leaves of Bt-corn hybrids, expressing a single Cry1F and also Cry1F, Cry1A.105 and Cry2Ab2 in pyramided corn and their non-Bt-isoline (hybrid 2B688), as well as on leaves of two soybean isolines expressing the Cry1Ac protein and its non-Bt isoline (A5547-227). We also assessed the effect of these Bt and non-Bt plants on the leaf consumption rate of S. cosmioides larvae. This pest was unable to develop when fed on any of the corn isolines (Bt and non-Bt). When both 1st and 3rd instar larvae were fed on corn leaf, mortality was 100% in both Bt and non-Bt corn. In contrast, when corn leaves were offered to 5th instar larvae,...

Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article

Palavras-chave: Black armyworm; Genetically modified organisms; Non-target pests; Plant resistance.

Ano: 2016

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0085-56262016000300255

BIOTECHNOLOGY IN AGRICULTURE: IMPLICATIONS FOR FARM-LEVEL RISK MANAGEMENT

Makki, Shiva S.; Somwaru, Agapi; Harwood, Joy L..

This study examines the risks associated with adoption of biotech crops and discusses their implications for risk management at the farm level. We develop an analytical risk evaluation matrix framework to illustrate changes in production and marketing risks of biotech and non-biotech crops. Price uncertainty generated by consumer concerns is the major risk facing biotech farmers, while cross-pollination with biotech crops and preservation of non-biotech status are major concerns for non-biotech farmers. Improved market infrastructure to handle biotech products and modification of the current risk management tools to accommodate new risks are essential in reducing the farm-level risks.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Marketing risks; Production risks; Risk evaluation matrix; Risk management; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies; Risk and Uncertainty.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14683

Biotech--Who Wins? Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture

Bt protein rhizosecreted from transgenic maize does not accumulate in soil

Moschini, GianCarlo.

The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the largest shares of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward GMOs and the issue of labelling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations; a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed. Emerging output-trait GMOs are...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Biotechnology; Genetically modified organisms; Identity preservation; Intellectual property rights; R&D; Transgenic crops; Welfare evaluation; Research and Development/Tech Change/Emerging Technologies.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23862

Electron. J. Biotechnol.

Margarit,Ezequiel; Reggiardo,Martín I; Permingeat,Hugo R.

The persistence of CryIAb protein rhizosecreted in soil is important in the assessment of its environmental risk. Here we report that CryIAb protein from transgenic maize does not accumulate at high levels in soils. Levels of CryIAb protein rhizosecreted by three maize transgenic events (BT11, MON810 and 176) were studied in hydroponic cultures and found only in the MON810 and BT11 events but not in event 176 or control plants. Under field conditions, the cryIAb gene and a basal level of CryIAb protein was detected in soils from plots cultivated with transgenic and non-transgenic maize, possibly from Bacillus thuringiensis present in the soils.

Tipo: Journal article

Palavras-chave: CryIAb gene; CryIAb protein; ELISA; Genetically modified organisms; PCR; Zea mays (L.).

Ano: 2008

URL: http://www.scielo.cl/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0717-34582008000200004

Comparative analysis of the national biosafety regulatory systems in East Africa

COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT

Jaffe, Gregory.

This paper analyzes the current and proposed biosafety systems in Kenya, Tanzania, and Uganda using a set of components and characteristics common to functional and protective biosafety regulatory systems. It also assesses how those systems take into account the major international legal obligations that relate to biosafety, such the Cartagena Biosafety Protocol. The paper identifies certain areas in each country’s biosafety regulatory systems where further development and clarification would improve the biosafety system, making it more functional and protective. Those areas include: (1) the addition of procedures to ensure the food safety of genetically engineered organisms; (2) the inclusion of the standard and criteria for making an approval decision;...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Biosafety; Food safety; Genetically modified organisms; Genetic engineering; Regulatory systems; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/55425

Wilson, William W.; Dahl, Bruce L..

Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation systems prior to release of GM varieties. In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies. The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system. Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain. The model...

COSTS AND RISKS OF TESTING AND SEGREGATING GM WHEAT - SUMMARY

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Biotechnology; Wheat; Risk; Segregation; Identity preservation; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23480

Wilson, William W.; Dahl, Bruce L..

Development of genetically modified crops is challenging the functions of the grain marketing system with many participants arguing for Identity Preservation (IP) systems prior to release of GM varieties. In this study, a stochastic optimization model was developed to determine optimal testing strategies. The model chooses the optimal testing strategy that maximizes utility (minimizes disutility) of additional system costs due to testing and rejection and allows estimation of the risk premium required for sellers to undertake a dual marketing system with GM/Non-GM segregations over the current Non-GM system. Elements of costs (testing costs, rejection costs, and risk premium) were estimated for a base model representing a grain export chain. The model...

Economic Benefits and Costs of Biotechnology Innovations in Agriculture

Palavras-chave: Genetically modified organisms; Biotechnology; Wheat; Risk; Segregation; Identity preservation; Crop Production/Industries.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/23502

Moschini, GianCarlo.

The conceptual model necessary for an assessment of biotechnology's economic benefits and costs is outlined, emphasizing the need to account for the proprietary nature of biotechnology innovations. The model is illustrated with an application to Roundup Ready soybeans. The estimated value of this innovation is sizeable, with consumers and innovators claiming the larger share of net benefits. Also, disparities in intellectual property rights protection across countries affect the distribution of benefits. Consumer resistance toward genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and the issues of labeling and market segregation complicate the economic evaluation of biotechnology innovations, and a number of related regulation and public policy issues are discussed....

Economics, Ecology and GMOs: Sustainability, Precaution and Related Issues

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/18413

Embrapa's biosafety network.

Tisdell, Clement A..

Ecological, evolutionary and economic issues involved in introducing genetically modified organisms (GMOs), mainly in agriculture, are discussed. The ecological and evolutionary impacts identified hamper (economic) valuation of GMOs and their biosafety regulation and creates difficulties for planning for sustainable development. Assessment of the desirability of releasing GMOs is difficult because of lack of communal agreement about the risks involved, about how much precaution should be exercised given collective risks, and disagreement on the appropriate social criterion to apply. Changes in legal liability are not always economic and cannot eliminate the social conflict generated by GMOs. The economics of developing and marketing GMOs is explored,...

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Biodiversity; Biosafety; Genetically modified organisms; GMOs; Intellectual property rights; Market structure; Sustainable development; Agricultural and Food Policy; Crop Production/Industries; Environmental Economics and Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122726

AMANCIO, M. C.; SAMPAIO, M. J. A. M.; CAPALBO, D. M. F..

Tipo: Separatas

Palavras-chave: Biosegurança; OGM; Biosecurity; Genetically modified organisms.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1015790

Environmental safety, socioeconomics and public awareness of GMOs in Brazil: the context of LAC-Biosafety Project.

Estado da arte em estudos de biossegurança ambiental de organismos geneticamente modificados e a prática da Embrapa.

CAPALBO, D. M. F.; PAULA, D. P.; MENDES, S. M.; SUJII, E. R.; PIRES, C. S. S.; ARANTES, O. M. N..

Tipo: Parte de livro

Palavras-chave: Environmental safety; Socioeconomics awareness; Public awareness; GMOs in Brazil; LAC-Biosafety Project.; Genetically modified organisms.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/951888

Expressão diferencial de genes associados ao metabolismo muscular e de deposição de gordura intramuscular em grupos genéticos de suínos divergentes.

CAPALBO, D. M. F..

Os melhoristas de plantas cultivadas, em todo o mundo, são merecedores de grande reconhecimento, pois, graças ao seu esforço contínuo, a produção de alimentos não perdeu para o aumento maciço da população mundial. Por outro lado, atualmente o consumidor exige que os alimentos ofereçam mais garantias do que em outras épocas da história. Estas mudanças se refletem busca contínua de melhoria genética das plantas cultivadas. No cenário brasileiro, a segurança alimentar é uma questão estratégica para que toda a população disponha de alimento de boa qualidade, com garantias de conservação,isento de microrganismos patogênicos e de componentes ou contaminantes que venham a causar danos ao consumidor. No âmbito nacional como no internacional, o problema alimentar...

Tipo: Separatas

Palavras-chave: Biosegurança; OGM; Melhoramento; Biosecurity; Genetically modified organisms.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1015787