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Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector AgEcon
Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Paul, Anthony; Toman, Michael; Bloyd, Cary.
This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 2001 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664
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Are Compact Cities Environmentally (and Socially) Desirable? AgEcon
Gaigne, Carl; Riou, Stephane; Thisse, Jacques-Francois.
There is a wide consensus among international institutions and national governments in favor of compact (i.e. densely populated) cities as a way to improve the ecological performance of the transport system. Indeed, when both the intercity and intra-urban distributions of activities are given, a higher population density makes cities more environmentally friendly as the average commuting length is reduced. However, when we account for the possible relocation of activities within and between cities in response to a higher population density, the latter may cease to hold. Because changes in population density affect land rents and wages, firms and workers re-optimize and choose new locations. We show that this may reshape the urban system in a way that...
Tipo: Working Paper Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Commuting costs; Transport costs; Cities; Environmental Economics and Policy; D61; F12; Q54; Q58; R12.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121692
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ASSESSING THE IMPACTS OF CAP-AND-TRADE CLIMATE POLICY ON AGRICULTURAL PRODUCERS IN THE NORTHERN PLAINS: A POLICY SIMULATION WITH FARMER PREFERENCES AND ADAPTATION AgEcon
Jiang, Yong; Koo, Won W..
The purpose of this study is to examine the possible local impacts of cap-and-trade climate policy on agricultural producers in the Northern Plains. This study explicitly considers farmer behavior with respect to agricultural opportunity in carbon offset provision and ability of adaptation to mitigate the production cost impact under a cap-and-trade climate policy. Based on empirically estimated farmer behavior models, a policy simulation with agricultural census data identifies farmer acreage enrollment in carbon offset provision, carbon offset supplies and revenues, the production cost impacts of carbon prices, and impacts on net farm income and their distributions among heterogeneous farmers. Our analysis find that: 1) farmer ex ante preferences in...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Cap-and-trade; Climate change; Agricultural impact; Economics; Carbon offsets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2010 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/91278
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Combining Supply and Demand Estimates for Ecosystem Services from Cropland AgEcon
Ma, Shan; Swinton, Scott M.; Lupi, Frank.
Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES) programs are gaining appeal as flexible approaches to inducing the voluntary provision of ecosystem services (ES). Farmers, who manage agricultural ecosystems, provide important nonmarket ecosystem services to the public by their choice of production inputs and management practices. Although there exist various PES programs in the United States and Europe, we are aware of none that was designed based on a comprehensive understanding of the underlying supply and demand of ecosystem services. Taking advantage of unique, coupled datasets of stated preferences, this paper combines a supply-side cost function of farmers’ willingness to adopt practices that provide increased ES with a demand-side social benefit function of...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Payment-for-Ecosystem-Services (PES); Contingent valuation; Aggregate supply and demand; Cropland; Eutrophication; Greenhouse gas; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q11; Q51; Q57; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103501
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Daycent Simulation of Methane Emissions, Grain Yield, and Soil Organic Carbon in a Subtropical Paddy Rice System Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Weiler,Douglas Adams; Tornquist,Carlos Gustavo; Zschornack,Tiago; Ogle,Stephen Michael; Carlos,Filipe Selau; Bayer,Cimélio.
ABSTRACT The DayCent ecosystem model, widely tested in upland agroecosystems, was recently updated to simulate waterlogged soils. We evaluated the new version in a paddy rice experiment in Southern Brazil. DayCent was used to simulate rice yield, soil organic carbon (SOC), and soil CH4 fluxes. Model calibration was conducted with a multiple-year dataset from the conventional tillage treatment, followed by a validation phase with data from the no-tillage treatment. Model performance was assessed with statistics commonly used in modeling studies: root mean square error (RMSE), model efficiency (EF), and mean difference (M). In general, DayCent slightly underestimated rice yields under no-tillage (by 0.07 Mg ha-1, or 9.2 %) and slightly overestimated soil C...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Modeling; Soil potential redox; Flooded soil; Greenhouse gas; Soil tillage.
Ano: 2018 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832018000100523
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Development and evaluation of prediction equations for methane emission from Nellore cattle Dry matter intake (DMI Animal Sciences
Sobrinho, Tatiana Lucila Pires; Branco, Renata Helena; Magnani, Elaine; Berndt, Alexandre; Canesin, Roberta Carrilho; Mercadante, Maria Eugênia Zerlotti.
  
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Beef cattle; Dry matter intake; Greenhouse gas; Prediction; Sulfur hexafluoride..
Ano: 2018 URL: http://periodicos.uem.br/ojs/index.php/ActaSciAnimSci/article/view/42559
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Estimating on-farm methane emissions for sheep production on the Northern Tablelands: establishment of demonstration site AgEcon
McPhee, Malcolm J.; Edwards, Clare; Meckiff, Jim; Ballie, Neil; Schneider, Derek; Arnott, Paul; Cowie, Annette l.; Savage, Darryl; Lamb, David; Guppy, Chris; McCorkell, Bruce E.; Hegarty, Roger S..
Special Edition Sheep and Cattle Production in New South Wales
Tipo: Article Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; High fertility; Low fertility; Pasture production; Farm Management.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/121466
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Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Ethanol from Iowa Corn: Life Cycle Analysis versus System-wide Accounting AgEcon
Feng, Hongli; Rubin, Ofir D.; Babcock, Bruce A..
Life cycle analysis (LCA) is the standard approach used to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of biofuels. However, it is increasingly recognized that LCA results do not account for some impacts including land use changes that have important implications on GHGs. Thus, an alternative accounting system that goes beyond LCA is needed. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by laying out the basics of a system-wide accounting (SWA) method that takes into account all potential changes in GHGs resulting from biofuel expansion. We applied both LCA and SWA to assess the GHG impacts of ethanol based on Iowa corn. Growing corn in rotation with soybeans generated 35% less GHG emissions than growing corn after corn. Based on average corn production,...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn ethanol; Greenhouse gas; Life cycle analysis; System-wide accounting; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6503
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Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Ethanol from Iowa Corn: Life Cycle Analysis versus System-wide Accounting AgEcon
Feng, Hongli; Rubin, Ofir D.; Babcock, Bruce A..
Life cycle analysis (LCA) is the standard approach used to evaluate the greenhouse gas (GHG) benefits of biofuels. However, it is increasingly recognized that LCA results do not account for some impacts—including land use changes—that have important implications on GHGs. Thus, an alternative accounting system that goes beyond LCA is needed. In this paper, we contribute to the literature by laying out the basics of a system-wide accounting (SWA) method that takes into account all potential changes in GHGs resulting from biofuel expansion. We applied both LCA and SWA to assess the GHG impacts of ethanol based on Iowa corn. Growing corn in rotation with soybeans generated 35% less GHG emissions than growing corn after corn. Based on average corn production,...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Biofuels; Corn ethanol; Greenhouse gas; Life cycle analysis; System-wide accounting; Crop Production/Industries; Land Economics/Use; Research Methods/ Statistical Methods; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2008 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6312
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Greenhouse gases emission and sustainable development of animal agriculture OAK
Takahashi, Junichi; 高橋, 潤一.
2006年8月3日とかちプラザ・レインボーホールで開催、日本ユネスコ国内委員会主催の帯広農村開発教育国際セミナー(OASERD)国際連合ユネスコアジア太平洋地域教育開発計画事業(APEID)シンポジウム「地球にやさしい農畜産業をめざして : 温室効果ガスの発生と制御」講演資料
Palavras-chave: Global warming; Greenhouse gas; Nitrous oxide; Methane; Kyoto Protocol.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/1892
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Implications of Biodiesel-Induced Land-Use Changes for CO2 Emissions: Case Studies in Tropical America, Africa, and Southeast Asia Ecology and Society
Achten, Wouter M. J.; Department Earth and Environmental Sciences, K.U.Leuven; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); wouter.achten@ees.kuleuven.be; Verchot, Louis V; Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR); l.verchot@cgiar.org.
Tipo: Peer-Reviewed Reports Palavras-chave: Carbon; Carbon debt; Greenhouse gas; Life-cycle assessment; Repayment time.
Ano: 2011
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Life cycle inventory-based assessment of greenhouse gas emissions from arable-land farming systems in the Tokachi region of Hokkaido, northern Japan OAK
Koga, N.
2006年8月3日とかちプラザ・レインボーホールで開催、日本ユネスコ国内委員会主催の帯広農村開発教育国際セミナー(OASERD)国際連合ユネスコアジア太平洋地域教育開発計画事業(APEID)シンポジウム「地球にやさしい農畜産業をめざして : 温室効果ガスの発生と制御」講演資料
Palavras-chave: Arable land; Fuel consumption; Greenhouse gas; Life cycle inventory; Soil organic carbon.
Ano: 2006 URL: http://ir.obihiro.ac.jp/dspace/handle/10322/1893
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Methane efflux in rice paddy field under different irrigation managements Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Moterle,Diovane Freire; Silva,Leandro Souza da; Moro,Vagner João; Bayer,Cimélio; Zschornack,Tiago; Avila,Luis Antonio de; Bundt,Ângela da Cas.
Paddy rice fields may contribute to methane (CH4) emission from soil due to anaerobic conditions after flooding. Alternatives to continuous flooding irrigation in rice have been developed to mitigate CH4 efflux into the atmosphere. This study aims to investigate the effects of irrigation managements in the CH4 efflux during the rice growing season. An experiment was carried out at in Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, during 2007/08 and 2009/10 growing seasons. The treatments were continuous flooding and intermittent irrigation in 2007/08 and continuous flooding, intermittent irrigation and flush irrigation in 2009/10. Intermittent irrigation is effective in mitigating CH4 efflux from rice fields when climatic conditions enable water absence...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Flooding irrigation; Intermittent irrigation; Redox potential.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832013000200014
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Methane fluxes from waterlogged and drained Histosols of highland areas Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo
Rachwal,Marcos Fernando Glück; Zanatta,Josiléia Acordi; Dieckow,Jeferson; Denega,Genuir Luis; Curcio,Gustavo Ribas; Bayer,Cimélio.
Soil can be either source or sink of methane (CH4), depending on the balance between methanogenesis and methanotrophy, which are determined by pedological, climatic and management factors. The objective of this study was to assess the impact of drainage of a highland Haplic Histosol on CH4 fluxes. Field research was carried out in Ponta Grossa (Paraná, Brazil) based on the measurement of CH4 fluxes by the static chamber method in natural and drained Histosol, over one year (17 sampling events). The natural Histosol showed net CH4 eflux, with rates varying from 238 µg m-2 h-1 CH4, in cool/cold periods, to 2,850 µg m-2 h-1 CH4, in warm/hot periods, resulting a cumulative emission of 116 kg ha-1 yr-1 CH4. In the opposite, the drained Histosol showed net...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Water sources; Water-table; Gravimetric moisture; Air temperature; Rainfall.
Ano: 2014 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832014000200013
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Nitrogen fluxes from irrigated common‑bean as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization PAB
Carvalho,Márcia Thaís de Melo; Madari,Beáta Emöke; Leal,Wesley Gabriel de Oliveira; Costa,Adriana Rodolfo da; Machado,Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida; Silveira,Pedro Marques da; Moreira,José Aloísio Alves; Heinemann,Alexandre Bryan.
The objective of this work was to measure the fluxes of N2O‑N and NH3‑N throughout the growing season of irrigated common‑bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), as affected by mulching and mineral fertilization. Fluxes of N2O‑N and NH3‑N were evaluated in areas with or without Congo signal grass mulching (Urochloa ruziziensis) or mineral fertilization. Fluxes of N were also measured in a native Cerrado area, which served as reference. Total N2O‑N and NH3‑N emissions were positively related to the increasing concentrations of moisture, ammonium, and nitrate in the crop system, within 0.5 m soil depth. Carbon content in the substrate and microbial biomass within 0.1 m soil depth were favoured by Congo signal grass and related to higher emissions of N2O‑N, regardless of...
Tipo: Info:eu-repo/semantics/article Palavras-chave: Cerrado; Climate change; Greenhouse gas; N fertilization; Nitrous oxide; No‑tillage.
Ano: 2013 URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2013000500003
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Nitrogen in Agricultural Systems: Implications for Conservation Policy AgEcon
Ribaudo, Marc; Delgado, Jorge; Hansen, LeRoy T.; Livingston, Michael J.; Mosheim, Roberto; Williamson, James M..
Nitrogen is an important agricultural input that is critical for crop production. However, the introduction of large amounts of nitrogen into the environment has a number of undesirable impacts on water, terrestrial, and atmospheric resources. This report explores the use of nitrogen in U.S. agriculture and assesses changes in nutrient management by farmers that may improve nitrogen use effi ciency. It also reviews a number of policy approaches for improving nitrogen management and identifi es issues affecting their potential performance. Findings reveal that about two-thirds of U.S. cropland is not meeting three criteria for good nitrogen management. Several policy approaches, including fi nancial incentives, nitrogen management as a condition of farm...
Tipo: Report Palavras-chave: Reactive nitrogen; Nitrogen management; Fertilizer; Water quality; Greenhouse gas; Economic incentives; Conservation policy; Regulation; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/118022
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Nutritional strategies in mitigating rumen methane in livestock production Thai Agricultural
Metha Wanapat.
Tipo: PhysicalObject Palavras-chave: Livestock production; Nutritional manipulation; Rumen; Fermentation; Methan; Plant secondary compounds; Global warming; Greenhouse gas; การผลิตปศุสัตว์; การจัดการทางโภชนาการ; กระเพาะรูเมน; การหมัก; การลดก๊าซมีเทน; ภาวะโลกร้อน.
Ano: 2012 URL: http://anchan.lib.ku.ac.th/agnet/handle/001/5833
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Preliminary Assessment of Nitrous Oxide Offsets in a Cap and Trade Program AgEcon
Ribaudo, Marc; Delgado, Jorge; Livingston, Michael J..
Nitrous oxide is a powerful greenhouse gas that is emitted from cropland treated with nitrogen fertilizer. Reducing such emissions through nutrient management might be able to produce offsets for sale in a cap and trade program aimed at reducing greenhouse gases. We use the Nitrate Leaching and Economic Analysis Program (NLEAP) model and data from the Agricultural and Resource Management Survey to examine what changes in rate, timing, or method of application a farmer would take to produce offsets. We find that reducing the application rate is the most favored approach for producing offsets. We also find that some management choices may increase nitrate losses to water.
Tipo: Journal Article Palavras-chave: Nitrous oxide; Nutrient management; Cap and trade; NLEAP; Greenhouse gas; Environmental Economics and Policy.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/117776
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Producer Preference for Land-Based Biological Carbon Sequestration in Agriculture: An Economic Inquiry AgEcon
Jiang, Yong; Koo, Won W..
This study was intended to develop an understanding of producer preference for land-based carbon sequestration in agriculture. We conducted a mail survey to elicit producer choice to provide marketable carbon offsets by participating in different carbon credit programs characterized by varying practices. Based on a quantitative analysis, we found that: 1) the market price for carbon offsets could increase producer participation in carbon sequestration; 2) producers perceived differentially different but correlated private costs for adopting carbon sequestering practices, depending on production attributes; and 3) relatively high carbon prices would be needed to stimulate producer provision of carbon offsets by land-based carbon sequestration activities. A...
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation Palavras-chave: Greenhouse gas; Carbon sequestration; Producer stated preferences; Agriculture; Economics; Carbon offsets; Carbon markets; Agricultural and Food Policy; Environmental Economics and Policy; Farm Management; Land Economics/Use; Production Economics; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q54; Q52; Q58.
Ano: 2011 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104512
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The Benefits of Reduced Air Pollutants in the U.S. from Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies AgEcon
Burtraw, Dallas; Toman, Michael.
Policies that reduce emissions of greenhouse gases can simultaneously alter emissions of conventional pollutants that have deleterious effects on human health and the environment. This paper first describes how these "ancillary" benefits--benefits in addition to reduced risks of climate change--can result from greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation efforts. It then discusses methodologies for assessing ancillary benefits and provides a critical review of estimates associated with reductions of criteria air pollutants. We find that these benefits in the U.S. may be significant, indicating a higher level of "no regrets" greenhouse gas abatement than might be expected based on simple economic calculations of abatement cost. However, the magnitude of ancillary...
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.
Ano: 1997 URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10496
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