SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Shih, Jhih-Shyang; Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Siikamaki, Juha.

The animal husbandry industry is a major emitter of methane, which is an important greenhouse gas. The industry is also a major emitter of ammonia, which is a precursor of fine particulate matter, arguably the number-one environment-related public health threat facing the nation. We present an integrated process model of the engineering economics of technologies to reduce methane and ammonia emissions at dairy operations in California. Three policy options are explored: greenhouse gas offset credits for methane control, particulate matter offset credits for ammonia control, and expanded net metering policies to provide revenue for the sale of electricity generated from captured methane gas. Individually, any of these policies appears to be sufficient to...

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Methane; Ammonia; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Offset; Particulate matter; Net metering; Environmental policy; CAFO; Manure management; Biodigester; Electricity; Global warming; Cost-benefit; Incentive approach; Livestock Production/Industries; Q2; Q4; Q53.

Ano: 2006

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10749

Allocation of CO2 Emissions Allowances in the Regional Greenhouse Gas Cap-and-Trade Program

Burtraw, Dallas; Palmer, Karen L.; Kahn, Danny.

Cap-and-trade programs for air emissions have become the widely accepted, preferred approach to cost-effective pollution reduction. One of the important design questions in a trading program is how to initially distribute the emissions allowances. Under the Acid Rain program created by Title IV of the Clean Air Act, most emissions allowances were distributed to current emitters on the basis of a historic measure of electricity generation in an approach known as grandfathering. Recent proposals have suggested two alternative approaches: allocation according to a formula that is updated over time according to some performance metric in a recent year (the share of electricity generation or something else) and auctioning allowances to the highest bidders....

Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper

Palavras-chave: Emissions trading; Allowance allocations; Electricity; Air pollution; Auction; Grandfathering; Generation performance standard; Output-based allocation; Cost-effectiveness; Greenhouse gases; Climate change; Global warming; Carbon dioxide; Sulfur dioxide; Nitrogen oxides; Mercury; Environmental Economics and Policy; Q2; Q25; Q4; L94.

Ano: 2005

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10650

Alternatives for methane emission mitigation in livestock systems

R. Bras. Zootec.

Lascano,Carlos E.; Cárdenas,Edgar.

Human activities are contributing to Global Climate Change through the production of Green House Gases (GHG), which result in increased air, land and ocean temperatures and extreme changes in precipitation in regions of low and high rainfall. The most important GHG's are carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). It is estimated that 18 % of the annual GHG emissions come from different types of livestock and that 37% of CH4, with higher global warming potential (23) relative to CO2 (1), comes from fermentation processes in ruminants. It is possible that in the future beef and milk exports from producing countries is subject to bans if cattle systems do not comply with measures to reduce GHG. There are several alternatives available and...

An Experimental Analysis of Auctioning Emission Allowances Under a Loose Cap

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Defaunation; Feed chemical additives; Genetic transformation of bacteria; Greenhouse gases; Immunization; Saponins; Tannins.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982010001300020

Analyse ausgewählter internationaler Studien und Dokumente in Hinblick auf Kosten und Potentiale der Minderung von Treibhausgasemissionen sowie des Aufbaus und der Erhaltung von C-Senken im deutschen Agrar- und Forstsektor

Shobe, William; Palmer, Karen L.; Myers, Erica; Holt, Charles; Goeree, Jacob K.; Burtraw, Dallas.

The direct sale of emission allowances by auction is an emerging characteristic of cap-and-trade programs. This study is motivated by the observation that all of the major implementations of cap-and-trade regulations for the control of air pollution have started with a generous allocation of allowances relative to recent emissions history, a situation we refer to as a “loose cap.” Typically more stringent reductions are achieved in subsequent years of a program. We use an experimental setting to investigate the effects of a loose cap environment on a variety of auction types. We find that all auction formats studied are efficient in allocating emission allowances, but auction revenues tend to be lower relative to competitive benchmarks when the cap is...

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Auction; Carbon dioxide; Greenhouse gases; Allowance trading; Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative; RGGI; Cap and trade; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/90827

Osterburg, Bernhard; Roder, Norbert; Elsasser, Peter; Dieter, Matthias; Krug, Joachim.

Zusammenfassung: In dieser Studie werden Dokumente der Europäischen Kommission zur künftigen Klimaschutzstrategie, eine Studie von McKinsey sowie ein UNFCCC-Papier in Hinblick auf Aussagen zu Klimaschutzmaßnahmen im Agrar- und Forstbereich untersucht. Die EU-Dokumente lassen einen steigenden politischen Handlungsbedarf für den Klimaschutz auch außerhalb des Treibhausgasemissions-Handelssystems (EU-ETS) erwarten. Die anderen beiden Dokumente geben Einschätzungen zu weltweiten Klimaschutzpotentialen wieder, und die Ergebnisse sind nur sehr eingeschränkt auf Deutschland anwendbar. In Kapitel 3 werden erste Ergebnisse einer Literaturanalyse zu Potentialen und Kosten von Maßnahmen im Agrarbereich dargestellt. Die Literaturanalyse ergab keine umfassenden, für...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Klimaschutz; Treibhausgase; Kosten; Landwirtschaft; Forstwirtschaft; Climate protection; Greenhouse gases; Cost; Agriculture; Forestry; Environmental Economics and Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q1 (Q18); Q2 (Q23); Q5 (Q51; Q 52; Q 54).

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104009

Analyzing Large Paleoclimate Datasets: Implications for Past and Future Climate Change.

ArchiMer

Shakun, Jeremy D.

This dissertation presents the results of statistical analyses of large climate datasets from two time intervals – the 20th century instrumental record and the proxy record of the last deglaciation – in order to understand the forcings and mechanisms of past climate variability. A longstanding question in climate dynamics concerns the origin of Pacific decadal variability (PDV). This issue is addressed by calculating the Southern Hemisphere equivalent of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) index from Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies over the 20th century, which is found to be similar to its Northern Hemisphere counterpart. The Northern and Southern PDO indices both exhibit pronounced seasonality in autocorrelation with interannual...

Tipo: Text

Palavras-chave: El Nino-Southern Oscillation; Pacific Decadal Oscillation; Paleoclimate; Deglaciation; Ocean circulation; Milankovitch; Greenhouse gases.

Ano: 2010

URL: https://archimer.ifremer.fr/doc/00495/60654/64151.pdf

Are there Carbon Savings from US Biofuel Policies? Accounting for Leakage in Land and Fuel Markets

Bento, Antonio M.; Klotz, Richard; Landry, Joel R..

This paper applies the insights of the carbon leakage literature to study the emissions consequences of biofuel policies. We develop a simple analytic framework to decompose the intended emissions impacts of biofuel policy from four sources of carbon leakage: domestic fuel markets, domestic land markets, world land markets and world crude oil markets. A numerical simulation model illustrates the magnitude of each source of leakage for combinations of two current US biofuel policies: the Volumetric Ethanol Excise Tax Credit (VEETC) and the Renewable Fuel Standard (RFS). In the presence of both land and fuel market leakage, current US biofuel policies are unlikely to reduce greenhouse gases. Four of the five policy scenarios we consider lead to increases in...

Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation

Palavras-chave: Multi-market; Carbon leakage; Biofuels; Greenhouse gases; Agricultural and Food Policy; Land Economics/Use; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy; Q42; Q54; Q58.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/104008

Attractants for automated emission measurement (Greenfeed®) in pasture-based systems.

MOMBACH, M. A.; CARVALHO, P. de; CABRAL, L. da S.; RODRIGUES, R. de A. R.; TORRES, R. C.; PEREIRA, D. H.; PEDREIRA, B. C. e.

This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and intensity of GreenFeed (GF) use by Nellore steers using different attractants in pastures of integrated systems. The attractant protein supplement and Tifton bermudagrass pelleted hay flavored with vanilla were evaluated over a period of 15 days. The pelleted hay stimulated the animals to stay longer in the equipment (24.23 s), with 8% more visits in intervals longer than 30 s in contrast to protein supplement. This indicates that pelleted hay flavored with vanilla is a potential attractant to encourage Nellore steers to visit GF in grazing systems.

Attractants for automated emission measurement (Greenfeed®) in pasture-based systems

Palavras-chave: Enteric methane; Integrated systems; Mitigation; Sustainable intensification; Gado de Corte; Efeito Estufa; Beef cattle; Greenhouse gases.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/alice/handle/doc/1098806

R. Bras. Zootec.

Mombach,Mircéia Angele; Carvalho,Perivaldo de; Cabral,Luciano da Silva; Rodrigues,Renato de Aragão Ribeiro; Torres,Renato Cristiano; Pereira,Dalton Henrique; Pedreira,Bruno Carneiro e.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the frequency and intensity of GreenFeed (GF) use by Nellore steers using different attractants in pastures of integrated systems. The attractant protein supplement and Tifton bermudagrass pelleted hay flavored with vanilla were evaluated over a period of 15 days. The pelleted hay stimulated the animals to stay longer in the equipment (24.23 s), with 8% more visits in intervals longer than 30 s in contrast to protein supplement. This indicates that pelleted hay flavored with vanilla is a potential attractant to encourage Nellore steers to visit GF in grazing systems.

Auctioning Greenhouse Gas Emissions Permits in Australia

Palavras-chave: Beef cattle; Enteric methane; Greenhouse gases; Integrated systems; Mitigation; Sustainable intensification.

Ano: 2018

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-35982018000100703

Avaliação dos componentes da pegada ecológica brasileira no contexto mundial e o papel da bovinocultura.

Betz, Regina; Seifert, Stefan; Cramton, Peter; Kerr, Suzi.

Allocating permits based on individual historical emissions (‘grandfathering’), or industry benchmark data, is an important design aspect of an emissions trading scheme. Free permit allocation has proven complex and inefficient (particularly in the European Union) with distribution implications also politically difficult to justify. For these reasons, auctioning emissions permits has become more popular than allocating permits. The European Union is now moving towards auctioning more than 50 per cent of all permits in 2013. In the US, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) has started with auctioning 100 per cent of permits. The Australian proposal for a Carbon Pollution Reduction Scheme (CPRS) also provides for auctioning a significant share of...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Climate policy; Greenhouse gases; Auctions; Emissions trading; Environmental Economics and Policy; Resource /Energy Economics and Policy.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/94878

Banco de dados NoSQL para integração de bases de dados de gases de efeito estufa.

FASIABEN, M. do C. R.; MAIA, A. G.; BARIONI, L. G.; LAZOU, J..

O presente trabalho trata da relevância de ações de enfrentamento das condicionantes ambientais ligadas à pecuária brasileira, como forma de alavancar seu crescimento com o mínimo de danos ao meio ambiente. O indicador ambiental Pegada Ecológica (PE) expressa a pressão do consumo humano sobre o meio ambiente, no Brasil e no mundo. A partir de dados internacionais da Global Footprints Network procedeu-se ao agrupamento de países segundo a participação de cada um dos principais componentes que integram a PE. Cinco grupos foram encontrados, estando o Brasil enquadrado naquele que se caracteriza pela predominância de uma bovinocultura extensiva em pastagens e, relativamente, baixo consumo de energia fóssil (grupo 3). No caso brasileiro, o componente...

Tipo: Artigo em anais de congresso (ALICE)

Palavras-chave: Bovinocultura; Pegada ecológica; Mitigação de gases do efeito estufa; Greenhouse gases; Cattle; Risk reduction.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/906763

Biochar and soil nitrous oxide emissions.

GUIMARÃES, T. D.; NAKAI, A. M.; VIEIRA, L..

2013

Tipo: Resumo em anais de congresso (ALICE)

Palavras-chave: Banco de dados; Gases de efeito estufa; Databases; Greenhouse gases.

Ano: 2013

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/981973

ALHO, C. F. B. V..; CARDOSO, A. da S.; ALVES, B. J. R.; NOVOTNY, E. H..

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions. Four levels of ground commercial charcoal of 2 mm (biochar) were evaluated in a sandy Albaqualf (90% of sand): 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha‑1. All treatments received 100 kg ha‑1 of N as urea. A cubic effect of biochar levels was observed on the N2O emissions. Biochar doses above 5 Mg ha‑1 started to mitigate the emissions in the evaluated soil. However, lower doses promote the emissions.

Biochar and soil nitrous oxide emissions

Palavras-chave: Lignocellulosic residues; Greenhouse gases; Pyrolysis.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/930324

PAB

Alho,Carlos Francisco Brazão Vieira; Cardoso,Abmael da Silva; Alves,Bruno José Rodrigues; Novotny,Etelvino Henrique.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of biochar application on soil nitrous oxide emissions. The experiment was carried out in pots under greenhouse conditions. Four levels of ground commercial charcoal of 2 mm (biochar) were evaluated in a sandy Albaqualf (90% of sand): 0, 3, 6, and 9 Mg ha-1. All treatments received 100 kg ha-1 of N as urea. A cubic effect of biochar levels was observed on the N2O emissions. Biochar doses above 5 Mg ha-1 started to mitigate the emissions in the evaluated soil. However, lower doses promote the emissions.

Biochar: pyrogenic carbon for agricultural use: a critical review.

Palavras-chave: Lignocellulosic residues; Greenhouse gases; Pyrolysis.

Ano: 2012

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-204X2012000500013

NOVOTNY, E. H.; MAIA, C. M. B. de F.; CARVALHO, M. T. de M.; MADARI, B. E..

O biocarvão (biomassa carbonizada para uso agrícola) tem sido usado como condicionador do solo em todo o mundo, e essa tecnologia é de especial interesse para o Brasil, uma vez que tanto a ?inspiração?, que veio das Terras Pretas de Índios da Amazônia, como o fato de o Brasil ser o maior produtor mundial de carvão vegetal, com a geração de importante quantidade de resíduos na forma de finos de carvão e diversas biomassas residuais, principalmente da agroindústria, como bagaço de cana, resíduos das indústrias de madeira, papel e celulose, biocombustíveis, lodo de esgoto etc. Na última década, diversos estudos com biocarvão têm sido realizados e atualmente uma vasta literatura e excelentes revisões estão disponíveis. Objetivou-se aqui não fazer uma revisão...

Biochar: pyrogenic carbon for agricultural use: a critical review.

Palavras-chave: Biocarvão; Sequestro de carvão; Biomassa; Condicionador do solo; Efeito estufa; Biochar; Biomass; Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gases; Soil amendments.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/1017071

NOVOTNY, E. H.; MAIA, C. M. B. de F.; CARVALHO, M. T. de M.; MADARI, B. E..

Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its ?inspiration? is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios (Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world?s largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been...

BIOCHAR: PYROGENIC CARBON FOR AGRICULTURAL USE - A CRITICAL REVIEW

Palavras-chave: Biocarvão; Sequestro de carvão; Condicionador do solo; Efeito estufa; Biomassa; Carbon sequestration; Biochar; Biomass; Soil amendments; Greenhouse gases.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.alice.cnptia.embrapa.br/handle/doc/1034123

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Novotny,Etelvino Henrique; Maia,Claudia Maria Branco de Freitas; Carvalho,Márcia Thaís de Melo; Madari,Beáta Emöke.

Biochar (carbonized biomass for agricultural use) has been used worldwide as soil amendment and is a technology of particular interest for Brazil, since its "inspiration" is from the historical Terra Preta de Índios(Amazon Dark Earth), and also because Brazil is the world's largest charcoal producer, generating enormous residue quantities in form of fine charcoal and due to the availability of different residual biomasses, mainly from agroindustry (e.g., sugar-cane bagasse; wood and paper-mill wastes; residues from biofuel industries; sewage sludge etc), that can be used for biochar production, making Brazil a key actor in the international scenario in terms of biochar research and utilization). In the last decade, numerous studies on biochar have been...

Carbon dioxide efflux in a rhodic hapludox as affected by tillage systems in southern Brazil

Palavras-chave: Soil amendments; Carbon sequestration; Greenhouse gases.

Ano: 2015

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832015000200321

Rev. Bras. Ciênc. Solo

Chavez,Luis Fernando; Amado,Telmo Jorge Carneiro; Bayer,Cimélio; La Scala,Newton Junior; Escobar,Luisa Fernanda; Fiorin,Jackson Ernani; Campos,Ben-Hur Costa de.

Agricultural soils can act as a source or sink of atmospheric C, according to the soil management. This long-term experiment (22 years) was evaluated during 30 days in autumn, to quantify the effect of tillage systems (conventional tillage-CT and no-till-NT) on the soil CO2-C flux in a Rhodic Hapludox in Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Brazil. A closed-dynamic system (Flux Chamber 6400-09, Licor) and a static system (alkali absorption) were used to measure soil CO2-C flux immediately after soybean harvest. Soil temperature and soil moisture were measured simultaneously with CO2-C flux, by Licor-6400 soil temperature probe and manual TDR, respectively. During the entire month, a CO2-C emission of less than 30 % of the C input through soybean crop residues...

Carbon neutralization potential of beef cattle system in Cerrado biome of Maranhao, Brazil.

Palavras-chave: No-till; Greenhouse gases; Soil temperature; Soil moisture.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0100-06832009000200010