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Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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Henson, Spencer J.; Caswell, Julie A.; Cranfield, John A.L.; Fazil, Aamir; Davidson, Valerie J.; Anders, Sven M.; Schmidt, Claudia. |
To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the systematic organization and analysis of data on these multiple factors.... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; Risk prioritization; Food-borne pathogens; Benefits and costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; L51; Q00; K32; H11. |
Ano: 2007 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7385 |
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Eggers, Jorg; Laschewski, Lutz; Schleyer, Christian. |
With regard to agri-environmental schemes (AES) under Regulation (EC) 1257/99, we suggest that their ineffectiveness, inefficiency, and divers uptake is inherent to the way they are institutionalised in the European CAP framework. Based on experiences of the GRANO research project that initiated two Agri-Environmental Forums in Brandenburg (Germany) to integrate local actors directly into designing and implementing local AES we argue that the process of designing AES can be conceptualised as a complex negotiation process at Laender level. The related institutional settings shape possible outcomes and scheme designs. With only "passive support" for decentralised and participatory approaches yet compulsory complex bureaucratic procedures on part of the EU,... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Agri-environmental policy; Subsidiarity principle; Germany; Environmental Economics and Policy; H11; H77; Q18. |
Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24496 |
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Dong, Bin; Torgler, Benno. |
This paper presents theoretical and empirical evidence on the nexus between corruption and democracy. We establish a political economy model where the effect of democracy on corruption is conditional on income distribution and property rights protection. Our empirical analysis with cross-national panel data provides evidence that is consistent with the theoretical prediction. Moreover, the effect of democratization on corruption depends on the protection of property rights and income equality which shows that corruption is a nonlinear function of these variables. The results indicate that democracy will work better as a control of corruption if the property rights system works and there is a low level of income inequality. On the other hand if property... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Corruption; Democracy; Income inequality; Property rights; Political Economy; D73; H11; P16. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99685 |
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Lichtenberg, Erik; Ding, Chengri. |
We investigate conceptually and empirically the role of economic incentives in the primary land allocation in China in recent years. A theoretical analysis demonstrates how recent fiscal and governance reforms give rise to land conversion decisions and long run urban spatial sizes much like those generated by competitive land markets with private land ownership. An econometric investigation of Shanghai and the provinces surrounding it demonstrates the presence of rent gradients, often used as an indication of the presence of land markets. It thus appears that economic forces have continued to exercise dominant influence over primary land allocations in spite of recent administrative restrictions on land conversion. These rent gradients are strongest in the... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Community/Rural/Urban Development; Land Economics/Use; R5; R14; H11; O18. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/6834 |
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Vaubel, Roland. |
Der Aufsatz zeigt anhand zahlreicher Beispiele und quantitativer Analysen, dass internationale Organisationen - mehr als alle anderen staatlichen Institutionen - ein extremes Kontrolldefizit aufweisen. Umfragen belegen, dass sie andere Interessen als die Bürger haben. Sie können diese Interessen auch durchsetzen, weil die Informationskosten der Bürger hoch, ihre Kontrollanreize gering und ihre Ausweichmöglichkeiten eingeschränkt sind. Die Parlamente können ihrer Kontrollfunktion nicht gerecht werden, weil sie von den nationalen und internationalen Exekutivorganen entmachtet werden. Von den nationalen Regierungen werden die internationalen Organisationen nur sehr unvollkommen kontrolliert, weil sie Agenda- Setting Macht besitzen und weil die Kontrollkosten... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: International organisations; Principal-agent problem; Institutional and Behavioral Economics; H79; H11. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26392 |
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Brennan, Timothy J.. |
Jurisdictions have overlapping authority regarding electricity restructuring when a national authority and subnational regional governments-for example, states-both have a say. The initial sections of the paper review the division of regulatory authority over electricity markets in the United States, constitutional provisions, recent developments, and how federalist concerns have been manifested in antitrust and telecommunications. Justifications for using private markets rather than central governments suggest an efficiency approach to dividing authority, based on information, cross-border externalities, and agency, that is, the ability of a government to reflect the political preferences of its constituents. The goal is not to impose a "right" policy... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Electricity restructuring; Federalism; Regulatory policy; Political Economy; H11; L94; L51; H77. |
Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10802 |
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Munshi, Kaivan; Rosenzweig, Mark R.. |
Parochial politics is typically associated with poor leadership and low levels of public good provision. This paper explores the possibility that community involvement in politics need not necessarily worsen governance and, indeed, can be efficiency enhancing when the context is appropriate. Complementing the new literature on the role of community networks in solving market problems, we test the hypothesis that strong traditional social institutions can discipline the leaders they put forward, successfully substituting for secular political institutions when they are ineffective. Using new data on Indian local governments at the ward level over multiple terms, and exploiting the randomized election reservation system, we find that the presence of a... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Politics; Commitment; Governance; International Development; Political Economy; H11; H44; O12. |
Ano: 2008 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/43523 |
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Keohane, Nathaniel O.; Revesz, Richard L.; Stavins, Robert N.. |
In the realm of environmental policy instrument choice, there is great divergence between the recommendations of normative economic theory and positive political reality. Four gaps stand out. First, despite the advantages of market-based policy instruments, they have been used to a minor degree, compared with conventional, command-and-control instruments. Second, pollution-control standards have typically been much more stringent for new than for existing sources, despite the inefficiency of this approach. Third, in the few instances in which market-based instruments have been adopted, they have nearly always taken the form of grandfathered tradeable permits, rather than auctioned permits or pollution taxes, despite the advantages in some situations of... |
Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Environmental Economics and Policy; L51; H11; P16; K32; Q28. |
Ano: 1997 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10759 |
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Win, Heijman; Milic, Branislav B.; Bogdanov, Natalija. |
In the search for an adequate set of indicators to measure the level of pro-rural aspirations of Local Governments (LG), the main existing approaches to endogenous development have been examined. However, the conclusion must be that none of them seem to fit the needs completely. For this reason, a new index, the Municipal Rural-Sensitive Index (MRSI), has been developed, representing the base for the Rural Sensitive Evaluation Model (RSEM). The MRSI integrates the key features of the LEADER (Liaison Entre Actions de Développement Rural) philosophy, consisting of 41 rural-sensitive indicators, grouped into 3 categories and 7 sub-categories. The resulting MRSI scores allow a quick comparison between LGs, show changes over time and assists in establishing a... |
Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Evaluation; Model; LEADER; Local Government; Agricultural and Food Policy; C52; C54; H11; O21; R58.. |
Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/99417 |
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Registros recuperados: 22 | |
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