SABIIA - Sistema Aberto e Integrado de Informação em Agricultura (Sabiia)

Henson, Spencer J.; Caswell, Julie A.; Cranfield, John A.L.; Fazil, Aamir; Davidson, Valerie J.; Anders, Sven M.; Schmidt, Claudia.

To lower the incidence of human food-borne disease, experts and stakeholders have urged the development of a science- and risk-based management system in which food-borne hazards are analyzed and prioritized. A literature review shows that most approaches to risk prioritization developed to date are based on measures of health outcomes and do not systematically account for other factors that may be important to decision making. The Multi-Factorial Risk Prioritization Framework developed here considers four factors that may be important to risk managers: public health, consumer risk perceptions and acceptance, market-level impacts, and social sensitivity. The framework is based on the systematic organization and analysis of data on these multiple factors....

Accounting for Product Substitution in the Analysis of Food Taxes Targeting Obesity

Palavras-chave: Risk analysis; Risk prioritization; Food-borne pathogens; Benefits and costs; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; L51; Q00; K32; H11.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/7385

Miao, Zhen; Beghin, John C.; Jensen, Helen H..

We extend the existing literature on food taxes targeting obesity. First, we incorporate the implicit substitution between sugar and fat nutrients implied by a complete food demand system and by conditioning on how food taxes affect total calorie intake. Second, we propose a methodology that accounts for the ability of consumers to substitute leaner low-fat and low-sugar items for rich food items within the same food group. This substitution is integrated into a demand system in addition to substitution among food groups. Simulations of a tax on added sugars show that the impact of the tax on consumption patterns is understated and the effect on welfare loss overstated when abstracting from this substitution within food groups.

Acerca de la magnitud de la inequidad en salud en el Perú

Palavras-chave: Discretionary calories; Fat; Food demand; Health policy nutrition; Low-fat; Low-sugar substitutes; Obesity; Sugar; Sweeteners; Tax; Agricultural and Food Policy; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/103320

Valdivia, Martin.

El análisis presentado en este documento muestra que la magnitud de las inequidades en salud y en la utilización de servicios de salud en el Perú es muy grande, aun para un país con el nivel de desarrollo del Perú. En consecuencia, se plantea que dichas inequidades deben ser abordadas de manera urgente por investigadores y diseñadores de política, tomando en cuenta que la literatura internacional establece cada vez con mayor contundencia que el crecimiento económico no es suficiente para lograr tal objetivo. La contribución del análisis empírico incluido en este documento al abordaje de la inequidad en salud y en los servicios relacionados con ella tiene dos componentes fundamentales. En primer lugar, se analiza la robustez de los resultados presentados...

Adult Obesity and Food Stores’ Density – Evidence from State-Level Panel Data

Palavras-chave: Salud pública; Servicios de salud; Indicadores de salud; Perú; Public health; Health services; Health indicators; Peru; Health Economics and Policy; I11; I18.

Ano: 2002

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37756

Bonanno, Alessandro; Goetz, Stephan J..

The association between types of food access and rising adult obesity rates is increasingly recognized, as a complement to the effects of declining physical activity. Previous studies have examined the effects on obesity of only a limited set of store types, such as grocery stores, fast food restaurants and big-box retailers, and they have ignored that certain behavioral factors, such as could play a role in the relationship between food access and obesity. This analysis includes a comprehensive array of food-providing establishments, including limited- and full-service restaurants controlling for fruit-and-vegetables (F&V) consumption (lagged temporally) using a panel data set for the continental U.S. states covering the period 1997-2005. The...

An Experimental Investigation of the Impact of Fat Taxes: Prices Effects, Food Stigma, and Information Effects on Economics Instruments to Improve Dietary Health

Palavras-chave: Adult Obesity; Food Access; Eating Habits; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; I18; R23.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61341

Cash, Sean B.; Lacanilao, Ryan D.; Adamowicz, Wiktor L.; Raine, Kim.

There is currently no published research on how food taxes may affect consumer behaviour when the imposition of the tax itself may be considered a source of consumer information. The work undertaken here seeks to address this gap in the literature by using experimental methods to enhance understanding on the joint effects of price changes induced by a fat tax and the stigma associated with the application of the tax. First, we conduct an interdisciplinary literature review (drawing from economics, psychology, and health promotion) and theoretical investigation of the impact of stigma on economic choice behaviours. We then employ Attribute-Based Stated Choice Methods (ABSCM) to elicit consumer response to fat tax scenarios that rely only on price changes,...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Health policy; Fat taxes; Warning labels; Choice experiments; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45499

An International Comparison of the Effects of Government Agricultural Support on Food Budget Shares

Miller, J. Corey; Coble, Keith H..

This study evaluates econometrically the effect of government support to agriculture on a measure of the affordability of food in 10 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The panel model we construct specifically utilizes two values calculated by the OECD: Producer Support Estimates as a percentage of gross farm receipts and the Consumer Nominal Protection Coefficient. These two variables represent transfers from taxpayers to agricultural producers through government programs and transfers from consumers to government through protectionist measures, respectively. By using dummy variables, we find implications for groups of countries on the basis of their relative levels of support and protection.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Agricultural policy; Obesity; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/47196

An Investigation of the Marketing of Butterfat by the Canadian Dairy Industry

Clark, J. Stephen; Brown, Bettina; Dunlop, Diane; Yang, Jinbin; Prochazka, Petr.

This study examines the Canadian Dairy Commission’s marketing of butterfat. Previous studies have concentrated on the evaluation of butterfat by using total kilograms of milk. Measuring milk as kilograms is based the assumption of fixed proportions between kilograms of milk and kilograms of butterfat. However, measuring dairy using kilograms may not be a good proxy for the underlying butterfat. In this study we argue that dairy fat maybe an inferior factor of production, whereas kilograms is a normal factor of production. This means that following kilograms within the marketing system may not track butterfat. In fact, butterfat may respond in an opposite direction to kilograms when prices and incomes change. Assuming that butterfat is an inferior factor...

Tipo: Report

Palavras-chave: Inferior factors; Dairy fat; Health policy; Agribusiness; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2008

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/45501

Analyzing Differences in Rural Hospital Efficiency: A Data Envelopment Analysis Approach

Nedelea, I. Cristian; Fannin, James Matthew; Barnes, James N..

This study analyzes difference in efficiency among the U.S. rural hospitals using a two-stage, semi-parametric approach. Data Envelopment Analysis is used in the first stage to calculate cost, technical and allocative efficiencies of Critical Access Hospitals (CAH) and non-CAH rural hospitals. Following Simar and Wilson (2007), bootstrapped truncated regressions are used in the second stage to infer on relationship between the cost, technical and allocative inefficiencies of hospitals and some environmental variables. The estimated results show that CAHs are less cost, technical and allocative efficient than non-CAH rural hospitals. The results also show that Medicare cost-based reimbursement for CAHs has a negative effect on the efficiency of these...

Ancillary Benefits of Reduced Air Pollution in the United States from Moderate Greenhouse Gas Mitigation Policies in the Electricity Sector

Palavras-chave: Efficiency; Two-stage; Semi-parametric; Bootstrap; Data envelopment analysis; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/61391

Burtraw, Dallas; Krupnick, Alan J.; Palmer, Karen L.; Paul, Anthony; Toman, Michael; Bloyd, Cary.

This paper considers how moderate actions to slow atmospheric accumulation of greenhouse gases from fossil fuel use also could reduce conventional air pollutants in the United States. The benefits that result would be "ancillary" to greenhouse gas abatement. Moreover, the benefits would tend to accrue locally and in the near term, while benefits from reduced climate change mostly accrue globally and over a time frame of several decades or longer. The previous literature suggests that changes in nitrogen oxides (NOx) would be the most important consequence of moderate carbon policies. We calculate these changes in a detailed electricity model linked to an integrated assessment framework to value changes in human health. A tax of $25 per metric ton of carbon...

Antibacterial Efficacy of Eryngium foetidum (Culantro) against Select Food-borne Pathogens

Palavras-chave: Climate change; Greenhouse gas; Ancillary benefits; Air pollution; Co-control benefits; Nitrogen oxides; Sulfur dioxide; Carbon dioxide; Particulates; Health; Environmental Economics and Policy; H23; I18; Q48.

Ano: 2001

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/10664

Homer, Sharon; Baccus-Taylor, Gail S.H.; Akingbala, John A..

Belize City, Belize 23rd - 27th July, 2007

Tipo: Presentation

Palavras-chave: Natural food preservatives; Food-borne pathogens; Antibacterial efficacy; Culantro leaves; In-vitro screening; % kill.; Agribusiness; I18.

Ano: 2009

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/122908

ARE FRUIT AND VEGETABLE STAMP POLICIES COST-EFFECTIVE?

de Mouzon, Olivier; Requillart, Vincent; Soler, Louis-Georges; Dallongeville, Jean; Dauchet, Luc.

In many countries, consumption of fruits and vegetables (F&V) is below recommended levels. We quantify the economic and health effects of F&V stamp policy designed for low income consumers. The analysis combined two models: an economic model which predicts how F&V consumption is affected by a change in policy and a health model which evaluates the impact of a change in F&V consumption in terms of death avoided (DA) and life-years saved (LYS). Finally we computed the costs per DA and LYS as the ratio between the taxpayer cost of the policy and the number of DA and LYS. The main findings of the present study are: (1) F&V stamp policy has a positive and significant impact on the consumption of small F&V consumers of the targeted...

Are Restaurants Really Supersizing America?

Palavras-chave: Cost-effectiveness analysis; Fruits and Vegetables; Health Impact Assessment; Health Policy; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; D61; I18; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116416

Anderson, Michael L.; Matsa, David A..

Replaced with revised version Feb. 24, 2010.

Ascertaining the Impact of the 2000 USDA Dietary Guidelines for Americans on the Intake of Calories, Caffeine, Calcium, and Vitamin C from At-Home Consumption of Nonalcoholic Beverages

Palavras-chave: Economics of regulation; Health production; Obesity; Fat tax; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Health Economics and Policy; D12; H25; I12; I18.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/37652

Dharmasena, Senarath; Capps, Oral, Jr.; Clauson, Annette L..

Obesity is one of the most pressing and widely emphasized health problems in America today. Beverage choices made by households have impacts on determining the intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C. Using data from the Nielsen Homescan Panel over the period 1998–2003, and a two-way random-effects Fuller-Battese error components procedure, we estimate econometric models to examine economic and demographic factors affecting per-capita daily intake of calories, calcium, caffeine, and vitamin C derived from the consumption of nonalcoholic beverages. Our study demonstrates the effectiveness of the USDA 2000 Dietary Guidelines in reducing caloric and nutrient intake associated with nonalcoholic beverages.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Nielsen Homescan Panel; Nonalcoholic beverages; Nutrient and caloric intake; USDA Dietary Guidelines; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D10; D12; I10; I18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/100632

Asthma Management Survey of Participants in an Inner City Asthma Intervention

Sadof, Matthew; Brandt, Sylvia J..

Background: The Inner City Asthma Intervention (ICAI) was a national multi-center implementation of an evidence-based intervention to reduce asthma morbidity. Objective: This study describes mitigating behaviors and reported outcomes in families with asthma who completed the intervention and a post-intervention survey at one of the ICAI sites. Results: Eighty percent (0.72- 0.88, 95% confidence interval) of these families made five or more changes to mitigate exposure to environmental asthma triggers. The majority of families (0.84-0.96, 95% confidence interval) reported an improved awareness of asthma symptoms and less school absences, limitations of activity, unplanned doctor visits, and asthma related sleep disruption.

ASYMMETRY IN RAW MILK SAFETY PERCEPTIONS AND INFORMATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR RISK IN FRESH PRODUCE MARKETING AND POLICY

Palavras-chave: Asthma; Health intervention; Health behavior; Health Economics and Policy; I12; I18; Z13.

Ano: 2007

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/14526

Knutson, Ronald D.; Currier, Russell W.; Ribera, Luis A.; Goeringer, L. Paul.

Scientific evidence clearly indicates that consumption of raw milk carries substantial disease-inducing health risks. While federal U.S. policy mandates that milk moving in interstate commerce be pasteurized; within 41 of 50 states, raw milk can be obtained for consumption. Warning labels notwithstanding, a segment of U.S. consumers pays higher prices for higher-risk raw milk than for either organic or conventional milk. The behavioral factors leading to raw milk consumption are explored. The paternalistic regulatory options for reducing the risk associated with drinking raw milk are identified. Implications for fresh produce sold directly from farms to consumers or through farmers markets are drawn.

Behavioral Economics: A New Heavy weight in Washington?

Palavras-chave: Raw milk; Pasteurization; Health risks; Behavioral economics; Bounded rationality; Paternalistic regulations; Public health; HACCP; GLOBALG.A.P.; Agricultural and Food Policy; Consumer/Household Economics; Demand and Price Analysis; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Food Security and Poverty; Health Economics and Policy; A12; A13; A14; D11; D18; D46; D71; D78; D82; I18; K23; K32; Q11; Q18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/116440

Cash, Sean B.; Schroeter, Christiane.

Honorable Mention, Outstanding Choices Article Award, 2011

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Obesity; Diet; Nutrition; Behavioral economics; Food policy; Health promotion; Consumer/Household Economics; I12; I18; C9.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95755

Bidding for WIC infant formula contracts: Do non-WIC customers subsidize WIC customers?

Davis, David E..

Although the WIC food assistance program purchases over one-half of all US infant formula, I find the program has little impact on the prices paid by non-WIC customers. I estimate infant-formula marginal cost and find that it is low compared to price, implying large price-cost markups. But, the WIC program is not to blame. Instead large price-cost markups are likely due to customer’s price insensitivity. WIC’s impact on non-WIC customers comes through an increase in sales owing to a WIC “spill-over” effect. The WIC approved brand attains a prominence in the market that makes it a natural choice for non-WIC customers, which makes attaining WIC approval valuable to firms. Firms bid with rebates to attain exclusive WIC approved status which results in...

Buyer Alliances as Countervailing Power in WIC Infant-Formula Auctions

Palavras-chave: Price cost margins; WIC; Oligopoly; Food Assistance; Infant Formula; Auctions; Contracts; Consumer/Household Economics; Health Economics and Policy; Industrial Organization; L11; L113; I18; D12.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/102457

Can Taxes on Calorically Sweetened Beverages Reduce Obesity?

Davis, David E..

State WIC agencies in infant-formula procurement auctions receive lower bids and final prices when they are in buyer’s alliances than when they are unallied. The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) uses an auction to procure infant formula. Manufacturers bid on the right to be an agency’s sole supplier by offering a rebate on formula sold through WIC. A theoretical model of rebates shows that bidders may shade their bids and extract surplus from agencies. An empirical estimation shows that bids are lower to alliances suggesting that alliances countervail the power of bidders to extract surplus.

Tipo: Working Paper

Palavras-chave: Auctions; Food assistance; Countervailing power; Buyer concentration; Oligopoly; WIC.; Consumer/Household Economics; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; Industrial Organization; L13; D43; D44; Q18; I18.

Ano: 2011

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/123863

Todd, Jessica E.; Zhen, Chen.

Tipo: Journal Article

Palavras-chave: Beverage tax; Obesity; Overweight; Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety; D12; H2; I18.

Ano: 2010

URL: http://purl.umn.edu/95754

Can the Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2010 Help Trim America's Waistline?