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| Gast, Michael W.. |
| Using a fixed-effects panel data approach, FDI flows of 22 OECD countries are explained by gravity equations over the period 1991-2001. It is distinguished between all available observations, Intra-EU25 observations only, and observations not belonging to the EU25 area in order to control for EU-specific effects. Regressions are repeated with exports as dependent variable in order to capture diverging influences for trade flows. Changes in total market size and relative market size are important factors that lead both FDI and exports in the same direction. However, relative market size is only significant in the FDI equation when variation between the EU25 area and other investment is taken into account, thus indicating a concentration of FDI within... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Foreign direct investment and international trade; Multinational firms; Model with panel data; Agricultural Finance; F21; F23; F14; C23. |
| Ano: 2005 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/24595 |
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| Jungnickel, Rolf; Keller, Dietmar. |
| Compared to other Western European countries, Germany was less successful in attracting FDI in the 1990s. The falling behind in inward-FDI should be no problem if foreign-owned firms (FoFs) were only substitutes for indigenous firms. However, to the extent they differ significantly in terms of performance and structure, FoFs could be an interesting target group of economic policy. We empirically test three hypotheses: FoFs enjoy a productivity advantage over purely nationally operating firms but not - or less so - over multinationals headquartered in Germany (H1). The demand for qualified labour is higher in FoFs compared to German firms (H2). FoFs show a more flexible conduct on the labour market than German-owned firms; they are less integrated in the... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Multinational firms; Labour force and employment; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F230; J210. |
| Ano: 2003 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26149 |
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| Braconier, Henrik; Ekholm, Karolina. |
| This paper uses a dataset on the foreign activities by Swedish manufacturing firms to examine the performance of German affiliates compared with affiliates in other locations. It is found that German affiliates, on average, have higher labour productivity, R&D expenditure per employee and skill-intensity. There is also evidence suggesting that German affiliates are more oriented towards selling in the local market than affiliates in other European countries. We also analyse the effect of labour costs in the Swedish multinational enterprises' (MNEs') decision to locate in Germany. We find that the location decision is sensitive to the level of wage costs in Germany and in other potential locations in high-income Europe, but not to the level of wage... |
| Tipo: Working or Discussion Paper |
Palavras-chave: Labor demand; Multinational firms; Foreign affiliates; Germany; International Relations/Trade; Labor and Human Capital; F23; J23. |
| Ano: 2001 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/26200 |
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| Kaditi, Eleni A.. |
| This paper examines whether ownership and increased competitive pressure affect food retailers’ market power, analysing whether all actors involved in the food supply chain deviate from the pricing behaviour that exists under perfect competition. A method proposed by Roeger (1995) is used to estimate price-cost margins, relaxing the assumptions of perfect competition and constant returns to scale. The obtained results show that foreign investments and consolidation have a positive and significant impact on the market power of food processors and retailers. Food processors, agricultural producers and wholesalers have lower price-cost margins than retailers, which suggests that these actors price closer to marginal costs being more concerned with maximising... |
| Tipo: Conference Paper or Presentation |
Palavras-chave: Price-cost mark-ups; Multinational firms; Retailing; Agribusiness; F23; L13; L81. |
| Ano: 2011 |
URL: http://purl.umn.edu/114452 |
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